山东省淄博市2024-2025学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省淄博市2024-2025学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASharedmobility(出行)couldbeakeypartofagreenertransportationsystem.Buttobemosteffective,itneedstoincludeeveryone.For-profitsharedmobilityprovidershavelargelyfailedtodeliveronthis.Here’sthebreakdownofbarrierstousingbikesharesfordifferentpeople.BarrierstousingbikesharesVariousinitiativesandprojectsarefindingcreativesolutionstoreachingunderservedcommunities.On-demandsharedmobilitythatfeedsintowell-developedpublictransportationsystemscouldreducethenumberofvehiclesinsomecitiesby90percentandcuttransportationemissions(排放)by50percent—butonlyifitlargelyreplacesprivatecaruse.Subsidy(补贴)programsforlow-incomeresidentshaveshownpromiseinincreasingtheuseofsharedmobilitywhiledecreasingtheuseofpersonalvehicles.E-BikeLibraryprogramsincludemaintainingthebikes,organizingtraining,groupridesandeducationaleventstofamiliarizepeoplewithcyclingcultureandsafety.Mobitwin,asocialtransportationserviceforelderlypeopleandthosewithreducedmobility,letselderlypeoplerequestaridefromavolunteerforasmallfee.Station-basedsystemswherecarsarepickedupanddroppedoffatfixedlocationscanalsomakeiteasierforwomentoplanfortheirtransportationneeds.“Beingabletogetoutandaboutisanecessarypartofparticipatinginsociety,andreducedmobilitygoeshandinhandwithsocialloneliness,”saysEsenKöse,aprojectmanageratMpact.“Wewanttomakesurethatpeoplewhoareoftennotinthesocietalcycleofgoingtoworkorgoingtoschool,whoareactuallyoftenleftout,stillhaveanoptiontogetoutofthehouseanddothesimpledailythings,likegoingtothestore,goingtothehairdresserandseeingfamilies.”1.Forman,whatpercentageofbarriersdoesunfamiliarityaccountfor?A.53%. B.15%. C.34%. D.19%.2.Whichprojectismostsuitableforafemalephotographer?A.Subsidyprograms. B.E-BikeLibraryprograms.C.Mobitwin. D.Station-basedsystems.3.WhatisEsenKöse’sexpectationregardingpeoplewithreducedmobility?A.Aidingthemtogetjobs. B.Makingthembettereducated.C.Helpingthemgetaround. D.Lettingthemfeelignored.BKatalinKarikó,aHungarian-bornbiochemistknownforherpioneeringresearchintoRNAtreatment,wasawardedthe2023NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.Growingupinasmallvillage,Karikóexpressedaninterestinnatureandexcelledacademicallyinsciencefromanearlyage.Aftergraduatingwithadoctoraldegree,sheacceptedapositionataBiologicalResearchCentreinHungary,whereshebeganherinvestigationsofmodifiednucleosides(核苷).Duetothelackoffinancial(财政)supportforherresearch,KarikómovedtotwodifferentinstitutionsforresearchintheUS,whereshemadeadvancesthatinspiredhertoexplorefurther.Aftervarietiesoffailuresinapplyingherfindingstomedicalexperiments,whichcostlargeamountsofmoney,shefinallymadeamajorbreakthrough,fueledbytheurgencytodevelopavaccine(疫苗)thatcouldhelppreventorreducetheseverityofinfection.Unliketraditionalvaccinedevelopment,thegenerationofmRNAvaccinesisrelativelyrapid,whichcontributesmuchtothewholeworld.Karikówasnostrangertoawards.InadditiontotheNobelPrize,herworkwasrecognizedwithnumeroushonors,includingtheLewisS.RosenstielAwardforDistinguishedWorkinBasicMedicalResearchin2020,theLasker-DeBakeyMedicalResearchAwardin2021aswellastheLouisaGrossHorwitzPrizein2021.Inaninterviewonhersuccess.shesaid“Isupposethemessageofallaboutthisisthatperseverancecanpayoffintheend.Ibelieveinthefirst14yearsofyourlife—yourteens,yourparents,yourteachersandyourfriends.Theyshapeyouthepersonwhoyouwillbe.”Whenaskedhowtobalancehercareerandthefamily,herwordswere“Itrytotellfellowfemalescientiststhatyoudon’thavetochoosebetweenhavingafamilyorcareer,youcanhaveit,andthatyoujustdon’thavetoover-assistyourchild.Yourchildrenwillwatchyouandthentheywillfollow.That’swhatcomes—theexampleyoupresent.”4.What’sthemajorproblemforKarikó’searlyresearch?A.Theshortageoffunding. B.Hercountlessfailures.C.Thelackofinspiration. D.Herdifferentnationality.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutKarikó?A.Shereceivedpooreducationinchildhood.B.Shewashonoredwithmanyprizesinparenting.C.Shetransferredtotwodifferentcountriesforfurtherresearch.D.Shewasextraordinaryacademicallyinsciencewhenyoung.6.Whatdoestheinterviewillustrateinthelastparagraph?A.Therelatedexperiencesdetermineone’ssuccess.B.Modelingisimportantineducatingchildren.C.Successispurelybasedonone’snaturaltalent.D.Femalesmustmakechoicesbetweenfamilyandcareer.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKarikó?A.Talentedandgenerous. B.Determinedbutmean.C.Brilliantandperseverant. D.Intelligentbutdependent.CInthe1600s,thereweremanywhalesinCapeCodBayofftheeastcoastoftheAmerica.Today,theynumberinthehundreds,andthey’reendangered.Likethem,manyspeciesofwhalesaroundtheworldsawtheirnumbershugelydecreasedby200yearsofwhaling.Theywerehuntedandkilledfortheirwhalemeat,oilandwhalebone.Unfortunately,manypeoplehaven’trealizedthatitisadeadlydamage.Actually,whalesareecosystemengineerswhohelpmaintainthestabilityandhealthoftheoceans,andevenprovideservicestohumansociety.Savingwhalesiscriticaltotheecosystemoftheoceans.What’sreallycoolisthatwhalesarereallyimportantafterthey’redead.Whalecarcasses(尸体）aresomeofthelargestformstofallfromtheocean’ssurface,andthey’recalledwhalefall.Asthesecarcassessink,theyprovideafeast(盛宴)tosome400-oddspecies.Overthe200yearsofwhaling,whenwewerebusykillingandremovingthesecarcassesfromtheoceans,welikelychangedthegeographicspreadofthesewhalefallsthatwouldgodownintodeepoceans,probablyleadingtoanumberofextinctionsofspeciesthatweredependentonthesecarcassesfortheirsurvival.Whalecarcassesarealsoknowntotransportabout190,000tonsofcarbon,whichistheequivalent(等同)ofthatproducedby80,000carsperyearfromtheatmospheretothedeepoceans,andthedeepoceansarewhatwecall“carbonsinks,”becausetheyholdextracarbonfromtheatmosphere,andthereforehelptopostponeglobalwarming.The200yearsofwhalingwasclearlyharmfulandcausedareductioninthepopulationofwhalesbetween60to90percent.Clearly,theSavetheWhalesmovementwashelpfulinpreventingcommercialwhalingfromgoingon.Let’ssavethewhalesagain,butthistime,let’salsodoitforours.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stability”meaninparagraph1?A.Variety. B.Unchangeableness. C.Significance. D.Safety.9.Whatisthedirectresultofwhalingactivitiesoverthepast200years?A.Thechangeofglobalclimate. B.Thecrashofnaturalcycle.C.Thedisappearanceofsomeoceanspecies. D.Theextinctionof400marinespecies.10.Howdowhalecarcasseshelpdelayglobalwarming?A.Byreducing190,000tonsofcarbon. B.Bycarryingcarbonintodeepoceans.C.Byabsorbingcarbonof80,000cars. D.Byremovingcarbonfromdeepocean.11.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocallonpeopletoprotectwhales. B.Todescribethehistoricalprocessofwhaling.C.Todemonstratetheextinctionofdeep-seaspecies. D.Tohighlighttheimportanceofwhalecarcasses.DAheritagelanguageisalanguagethatisn’tthe“mostpowerful”languageofaregion,butisstilllearnedbychildrenintheirhomes(thus,it’stheirheritage).Anylanguagecanbeaheritagelanguage,dependingonthesurroundingsocialcontext.English,forexample,isoftenaprimarylanguage,butcouldtechnicallybeaheritagelanguageifsomeone’sEnglish-speakingparentsmovedfrom,say,theUnitedKingdomtoJapan.Heritagelanguagescanbesomeone’snativelanguage,butthetwotermsaren’tinterchangeable.Anativelanguageisthelanguageorlanguagesapersonlearnswhenthey’reveryyoungwhileheritagelanguagescanbedeterminedbyabroadrangeofsocialandculturalfactors.Usually,peoplespeaktheirnativelanguageverywell.Someone’sabilitiesintheirheritagelanguagecanvaryquiteabit,however.Somepeoplemaymasteritwellbecausetheylearneditalotwhentheywerechildren,whileothersmayspeakitbutnotreadit,andstillothersmaystrugglewithspeakingitatall.TheUnitedStateshasover56millionSpanishspeakers,andalargepartofthoseareheritagelearnersofthelanguage.AresearchfoundthatthepercentageofpeoplewhoreportspeakingSpanish“well”dropsfrom91to82forfirst-andsecond-generationimmigrants(移民).Whilethatmightseemsmall,itgetsmuchmoreevidentafterthat,withthird-andfourth-generationimmigrantsdroppingto47percent.Thereareacoupleofreasonswhyheritagelanguages—andSpanishinparticular—tendstodropofffromgenerationtogeneration.Thefirstoneisthattheheritagelanguageislessimportanttogetaroundinsociety.Whenapersonneedsthemajoritylanguagetogotoschool,getajobandinteractwithmostpeoplearoundthem,it’snotsurprisingthattheheritagelanguagemightseemlessimportant.Anotherreasonissomeparentsencouragetheirchildrennottousetheirheritagelanguage.It’sunfortunatebuttruethatspeakinganotherlanguageisstillacausefordiscrimination(歧视)today.Heritagelanguagesmayhaveahardtimelastingfromgenerationtogeneration,butit’snotonlyastoryofdecline(衰弱).Therearecountlesspeopleintheworldwhogooutoftheirwaytolearntheirheritagelanguages—somelearntheheritagelanguagelaterinlife—andhelpotherstodothesame.Ifyou’veeverthoughtaboutreconnectingwithaheritagelanguage,it’snevertoolatetogetstarted.There’snotimelikethepresent.12.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinparagraph1?A.Bymentioninganexpert. B.Byexplainingaterm.C.Bydescribingascene. D.Byprovidingdata.13.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thesignificanceoflearningheritagelanguageswhenlittle.B.Thevariationsinpeople’sabilitiestospeakheritagelanguages.C.Thedifferencesbetweenheritagelanguagesandnativelanguages.D.Thesimilaritiesbetweenthebroadrangeofsocialandculturalfactors.14.WhatisonereasonforthedeclineofHeritagelanguagesintheUS?A.Appearancediscrimination. B.Generationgap.C.Varyingcultures. D.Losingpopularity.15.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Parentsplayakeyroleinprotectingheritagelanguages.B.Heritagelanguages’difficulttimewillendinthenearfuture.C.Effortshavebeenmadetowardstheheritagelanguages’survival.D.Somepeopleconsiderittoolatetobringheritagelanguagesbacktolife.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyoueveraskedyourselfwhyitis,thatwhenthedessertmenuarrives,somehow,youalwaysseemtohavespace?___16___TheteamattheMaxPlanckInstituteforBiologyofAgeingfoundthatthesamenervecells(细胞)thatmakeusfeelfullafteramealarealsoresponsibleforoursweetdesireafterwards.Herearefourwaystoworkwithyourbodyifyouwanttoreducethesweettooth.Filluponfibre(纤维).Uppingfibreinthedietcanpreventbloodsugarrisingwhichdrivessugardesires.Itcauseschangesinthestomachthatdirectlyaffectthebrain,makingyoulesslikelytolongforsugaryfoods.___17___Andleavetheskinsonpotatoesforanimmediatefibreincrease.Ensurehealthyfatsandprotein(蛋白质)inyourmeal.Theymakeyoufeelmoresatisfiedandlesslikelytoreachforsomethingsweetafterameal.Healthyfats,intheformoffull-fatmilkandnuts,andproteinineggs,fishandbeans,areimportantindetermininghowsatisfiedyoufeel.___18___Tryeatingmindfully.Thedesireforsweetfoodcomesfromtheneedtobecomforted,particularlywhenwearestressed.Weofteneatasugarysnackbecauseweignoreourbody’shungersignals.Sobeforereachingforthatbiscuit,askyourselfthesequestions:___19___AmIjustboredorinneedofabreak?___20___Ifyouaregoingtoeatdessert,choosesmallerpartsandfindacomfortplaceinwhichyoueatthem.Useaplate,sitdownandenjoyyoursnack.Youcanmakemorehealthysweettreatstoo.Haveasquareofdarkchocolatewithateaspoonofnutbuttertosatisfyyoursweettoothinamoresustainingway.A.Focusonwhatyoueat.B.AmIeagerforabarofchocolate?C.Sotrytoincludethemineverymeal.D.CanIridethisoutuntilthenextmeal?E.Well,researchersmighthavetheanswer.F.Enjoythedessertifyou’regoingtohaveit.G.Switchtowholegrainbread,riceandnoodles.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。LisaÖsterlund,ahealthy46-year-old,suddenlyfoundswimmingandcyclingimpossible.___21___fromGravesdisease,shecouldn'ttakestandardmedicine.Sosheneededstrong___22___,includingpowerfuldrugs,whichmadeherverytiredandfeelsick.This___23___justaftershestartedherperfectjobatSwedishPublicRadio.Medicineforhereyeslefthertoowornoutto___24___onherwork.Seekingenergy,Lisaturnedto___25___.In2018,shestartedlearningFrenchpart-timeatStockholmUniversity.Deeplyfocusedonherstudiesand___26___byolderstudents,shefeltrenewed.___27___,herhealthimproved—studyingbecameher“othermedicine”.Knowingherillnesscouldreturn,Lisasought___28___futurework,soshehadmorefreetimetobeginaseconddegreeinFrenchTranslationatLundUniversity.At52,sheused___29___shecouldsparetopayforit,tooktimeoffwork,andmovedintostudenthousingfarfromhomewiththoseofherchildren's____30____.Nowwithtwodegrees,LisatranslatesFrenchbooksandworksinradioandcontinuesherradio____31____.SupportedbySweden'spaidstudyleavepolicy,sheisnow____32____aMaster'sdegree.Lisa'sexperience____33____education'sroleinhealing（治愈）andcreatingnewpaths.Lisabelievesstudying____34____apersonbyopeningmindsandconnectingthemwithdrivenpeople.Herstorystandsas____35____thatembracinglearningrebuildsstrengthandcreatesfreshopportunities,evenduringdifficulttimes,atanystageoflife.21.A.Recovering B.Suffering C.Benefiting D.Preventing22.A.experiments B.exercises C.diets D.treatments23.A.happened B.worked C.disappeared D.ended24.A.comment B.act C.concentrate D.depend25.A.education B.travel C.health D.sports26.A.ignored B.persuaded C.inspired D.puzzled27.A.Sadly B.Gradually C.Naturally D.Probably28.A.difficult B.boring C.challenging D.flexible29.A.savings B.donations C.strength D.efforts30.A.position B.interest C.age D.advantage31.A.hobby B.routine C.program D.career32.A.applyingfor B.askingfor C.caringfor D.lookingfor33.A.doubts B.explains C.highlights D.describes34.A.comforts B.transforms C.respects D.judges35.A.dream B.risk C.theory D.proof第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。36.Themostbasicofallhumanneedsistheneedtounderstandand________(understand).(所给词的适当形式填空)37.________(admit),fictionisoftenmoreinterestingthanthetruth.(所给词的适当形式填空）38.Anyhow,it’seasytoseegreatartnowadays,becausepeoplearecreating________everywhereyoulook.(用适当的词填空)39.Thehorse,________restingoronthemove,offeredhimplentyofinspiration.(用适当的词填空)40.________(star)AnneHathaway,itisdefinitelyamovieyoushouldnotmiss!(所给词的适当形式填空)41.Afterseveralmonths,Ryanhadraisedthe$2,000,with________awellwasbuiltnearaprimaryschoolinUganda.(用适当的词填空)42.Itlistsyourperformance________otherrunnersinyoursocialnetwork.(用适当的词填空)43.Here,youcansee________(drama)landscapes.Theychangefrommountainstograsslands,foreststorivers.(所给词的适当形式填空)44.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeople________(achieve)todateisinmedicine.(所给词的适当形式填空)45.Recentstudiesindicatethatrisk-takingmaybepartofhumannature,withsomeofus________(likely)totakerisksthanothers.(所给词的适当形式填空)第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分25分）46.假定你是李华，你校英语社团计划推出一个全新的线上栏目。外教Mr.Smith提出“ScienceinDailyLife”和“AmazingArtsAroundUs”两个选项供大家选择。请给Mr.Smith写一封邮件，内容包括：（1）你的选择；（2）说明理由。注意：（1）写作词数应为100个左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearMr.Smith,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节（满分15分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一个完整的故事。Ten-year-oldChriswaitedwhilehismomreachedintoherpocketforthekey.Thehousewasgrand,withbigwhitecolumns(石柱)infront,aseparategarageandaswimmingpool.Comparedtothetinyapartmenthesharedwithhismom,thiswasapalace.“Well,”saidh