陕西西安市临潼区某中学2026届高三下学期高考全真模拟(一) 英语试卷（解析版）（一）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1陕西西安市临潼区某中学2026届高三下学期高考全真模拟(一)英语试卷第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AOHVTrailMaintenanceVolunteerTheOcalaNationalForestisseekingOHV(OffHighwayVehicle)volunteersontheLakeGeorgeandSeminoleRangerDistricts.OHVvolunteersserveasanintegralpartoftherecreationandvisitorserviceteamsandareoftenthefirstcontactforinformationontheForest.Accommodationisnotprovided.Duties●Assistwiththeoperationofthedistrict’sOHVrecreationareas,trailheads,andtrails(路线).●ConductOHVtrailmaintenance(treadraking,trailtrimming).●PerformregularmaintenanceonOHVtrailheads(bathroomsanitation,trashpickup,mowing,pressurewashing,etc.).●Educatethepublicbyclarifyingtheforestrulesandregulations(规章)andpromotingtheresponsibleuseofOHVs.●RepresenttheOcalaNationalForestinaprofessionalandpolitemanner.●Showapresenceofauthorityandreportanymajorissuestolawenforcement(执行)andrecreationstaff.●Keeprecreationstaffupdatedonanyissuesregardingcampers,campsitefacilities,illegalactivitiesormaintenanceneeds.TrainingVolunteersmustsuccessfullycompletetheROHVABasicDriverCourseprovidedbycertifiedForestService(FS)personnelpriortooperatinganyFSownedOHVs.SkillsRequiredVolunteersmusthaveafriendly,helpfulmannerandenjoydealingwithavarietyofpeople.Goodcommunicationskills,thoughtfulness,andpatienceareparticularlyimportant.Theyshouldhavesomefamiliaritywiththerecreationfacilitiesoftheforestandbeabletosharethisbasicknowledgewithvisitors.Knowledgeandexperienceinconductingtrailmaintenance,cleaningfacilities,mowingandusingheavyequipment,aswellasbeinghandy,arepreferred.1.Whatistheauthoritativeroleofthevolunteers?A.Maintainingthetrailseveryday. B.Carryingoutforestregulations.C.Reportingsignificantproblems. D.Actingasofficiallawenforcementagents.2.WhyistheROHVABasicDriverCourserequired?A.Tolearntrailmaintenanceskills.B.Toimprovethepublic’sforestknowledge.C.Toensuresafeoperationofvehicles.D.Toenhancevolunteers’drivingefficiency.3.Whichofthefollowingisespeciallyemphasizedforvolunteers?A.Theirphysicalfitnessintoughconditions.B.Theirstronginterpersonalcommunicationskills.C.Theirtechnicalknowledgeofforestfacilities.D.Theirrichexperienceinusingheavyequipment.【答案】1.C2.C3.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍奥卡拉国家森林公园OHV步道维护志愿者的招募信息、职责、培训要求及所需技能。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据Duties部分中的“Showapresenceofauthorityandreportanymajorissuestolawenforcement(执行)andrecreationstaff.(展现权威形象，并向执法部门和娱乐工作人员报告任何重大问题。)”可知，志愿者的权威职责是上报重大问题。故选C项。【2题详析】推理判断题。根据Training部分中的“VolunteersmustsuccessfullycompletetheROHVABasicDriverCourseprovidedbycertifiedForestService(FS)personnelpriortooperatinganyFSownedOHVs.(志愿者在操作任何林业局所属的非公路车辆之前，必须成功完成由认证林业局人员提供的ROHVA基础驾驶课程。)”可知，要求该课程是为确保车辆安全操作。故选C项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据SkillsRequired部分中的“Goodcommunicationskills,thoughtfulness,andpatienceareparticularlyimportant.(良好的沟通能力、体贴和耐心尤为重要。)”可知，志愿者特别被强调的是较强的人际沟通能力。故选B项。BOnasunnymorninginasmallcourtyardatWaltWhitmanMiddleSchool,a14-year-oldwithapurplebuzzcutheldaplumpchickengentlyinherarms.“HernameisBetsy,”MaicyNealy,aneighth-grader,said.Nealyusedtobeafraidofchickensasayoungchild.Nowshespendshoursafterschoolcollectingtheireggsandcleaningthecoop(鸡舍)fortheschool’sfivehens.Andthoughshesayssheisneveranoutdoorsytype,shefeedsthemtheirwormmealsaswell.Forher,thechickensprovidestructureafterschoolandmakeherveryinterestedinagriculture.Nowshecan’timagineadulthoodwithoutchickensinvolved.Shesayswhenshegrowsup,sheplanstobe“alawyerthatownschickens”.ThechickenprogramatWhitmanstartedaboutayearago,whenafter-schoolprogramspecialistLeeMaguireplannedamonth-longembryo(胚胎)developmentprogramforkidstolearnaboutbiology.Throughouttheschoolyear,they’veobservedstudentsgainingnotonlycompanionshipfromtheanimalsbutsomelifeskills.Thestudentsreplenishthefeedsupply—whichcostsabout$25for50pounds—withmoneyfromsellingsomeoftheeggsthechickensproduceat$5to$10adozen,makingtheprojectself-sustaining.“Eggpricessoared,makingitagreatdeal,”saidMaguire,“anditteachessustainability.”Thechickens’calmingpresenceoncampusisanadvantageoftheprogramthattheschool’ssocialworkersandcounselors(辅导员)quicklypickeduponaswell.Theysometimesaccompanystrugglingstudentsoutsidetothecooptohelpthemcalmdownorsortthroughtheirfeelings.“It’samomentthattheydon’thavetothinkabouthousinginsecurity,foodinsecurity,whethertheirparentsaregoingtogetdeployed,orhowthey’regoingtohavetoimprovetheirgradesbecausethey’restruggling,”hesaid.“Thechickensdon’tjudge.Theyjustlovethem.It’sapeacefulescape.”Asschoolends,studentsheadhometoprepareforhighschool,whilethechickensstaywithMaguireforthesummer.Butfirst,hehasasurprisehe’sgoingtoletthekidsinonsoon.“Iboughtmorebabychicks,”hesaid.“IgotthemeightmoreandI’mlookingforwardtoboostingmystudents’learninginterestfurther.”4.WhatcanbelearnedfromthestoryofMaicyNealy?A.Hercareerchoicesthroughanimalcare.B.Herprofessionalfarmingskilldevelopment.C.Hertransformationfromfeartolifelongpassion.D.Herstrongcompanionshipwithoutdooranimals.5.WhydidMaguireintroducethechickenprogramatfirst?A.Toimprovestudents’teamworkskillsinclass.B.Tohelpstudentsdealwithemploymentproblems.C.Tocreateasustainablefoodsourcefortheschool.D.Toprovidehands-onsciencelearningexperiences.6.Whatimpressedtheschoolcounselorsabouttheprogram?A.Itspotentialtogenerateschoolincome. B.Itshealingvaluefortroubledstudents.C.Itsimprovementinacademicperformance. D.Itspopularityamongsmallanimallovers.7.Whatdoesthearrivalofthenewchickssymbolize?A.Theprogram’sfinancialsuccess. B.Thenecessityofanimalcare.C.Theadvancedfeedingtechniques. D.Thenewroundoflearningexperience.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了沃尔特·惠特曼初中通过养鸡项目让学生获得生活技能、学习科学知识并帮助问题学生平静情绪的故事。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Nealyusedtobeafraidofchickensasayoungchild.Nowshespendshoursafterschoolcollectingtheireggsandcleaningthecoop(鸡舍)fortheschool’sfivehens.Andthoughshesayssheisneveranoutdoorsytype,shefeedsthemtheirwormmealsaswell.Forher,thechickensprovidestructureafterschoolandmakeherveryinterestedinagriculture.Nowshecan’timagineadulthoodwithoutchickensinvolved.Shesayswhenshegrowsup,sheplanstobe“alawyerthatownschickens”.(Nealy小时候很怕鸡。现在，她放学后花几个小时收集鸡蛋，并为学校的五只母鸡打扫鸡舍。尽管她说自己从来都不是一个喜欢户外活动的人，但她也会给它们喂虫子。对她来说，鸡为她的课后生活提供了框架，使她对农业非常感兴趣。现在她无法想象没有鸡的成年生活。她说，当她长大后，她计划成为一名“养鸡的律师”。)”可知，从MaicyNealy的故事中可以了解到她从害怕鸡到对鸡充满热情的转变。故选C。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“ThechickenprogramatWhitmanstartedaboutayearago,whenafter-schoolprogramspecialistLeeMaguireplannedamonth-longembryo(胚胎)developmentprogramforkidstolearnaboutbiology.(惠特曼的养鸡项目大约始于一年前，当时课后项目专家LeeMaguire计划了一个为期一个月的胚胎发育项目，让孩子们学习生物学。)”可知，Maguire最初引入养鸡项目是为了提供实践性的科学学习体验。故选D。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thechickens’calmingpresenceoncampusisanadvantageoftheprogramthattheschool’ssocialworkersandcounselors(辅导员)quicklypickeduponaswell.Theysometimesaccompanystrugglingstudentsoutsidetothecooptohelpthemcalmdownorsortthroughtheirfeelings.(鸡在校园里的平静存在是该项目的一个优势，学校的社会工作者和辅导员也很快注意到了这一点。他们有时会陪那些陷入困境的学生到鸡舍外面，帮助他们冷静下来或理清自己的情绪。)”可知，让学校辅导员印象深刻的是该项目对问题学生的治愈价值。故选B。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Iboughtmorebabychicks,”hesaid.“IgotthemeightmoreandI’mlookingforwardtoboostingmystudents’learninginterestfurther.”(“我买了更多的小鸡，”他说。“我又买了八只，我期待着进一步提高学生的学习兴趣。”)”可知，新小鸡的到来象征着新一轮的学习体验。故选D。CInNorthCarolina,whereIlive,different-sizedcitiesandtownsschedulemonthlyactivitiesthatarefreetothepublic.Ienjoyattendingasmyschedulepermits.Thismonth,Ijourneyedaboutonehoureasttoattendoneoftheseevents.Thefeaturedeventwasacollectionofportraits(肖像)paintedbyalocalartist.Themodelsintheportraitswerehomelesspeople.Theartistprovidedbriefdescriptionsofthepersonalities,backgrounds,orbehaviorsofthepeopleassheexperiencedthemwhilepaintingthem.Allofthearteffortlesslyfocusedattendees’mindsonthehumanizationofmarginalized(边缘化)peoplewhoareoftendehumanized.Iwasabletofeelthehumanspiritofthefeaturedpeople.Icouldimaginethemandthinkabouttheirlifeexperiences.Thesearewhatresearchershavelabeledtobekindsofimportant,effortless,andinvaluablehardfascinationexperiences.Researchersmightalsodescribemyexperienceasrequiringmoderatetohardfocus.Incomparison,researchershavedefinedsoftfascinationasalsostemmingfromeffortlessattention—butitisnottheall-consumingattentionthatoverwhelmsthemind’scapacitytoprocessotherunrelatedthoughts.Researchersdescribesoftfascinationasattentionthatislessdemandingonourmentalcapacity.Therefore,duringsoftfascination,wecanreflectonotherunresolvedthoughtswhileweareattractedbysomethinginourimmediateenvironment.Softfascinationallowsourmindstorest.Weexperiencearestorationfromthehardfascinationthatfrequentlyconsumesus.Softfascinationmaybehealthyforourmindsbygivingusabreakfromhectichustleculture,stressors,anddisconnectionfromnature,asiteofpossiblemultisensorysoftfascinationandhealthbenefits.ResearchersBasu,Duvall,andKaplanalsodiscoveredthattheirstudyparticipantsperceivednature-basedactivitiesastheirpreferredwaystoexperiencesoftfascination.It’simportantintoday’sstressful,chaotic,21st-centuryworldthatwelearntoconservementalcapacitytosupportrestandrestoration.Thisalsomeansthatwemightconsidermakingmoretimetoincorporateexperiencesofsoftfascinationintoourdailylives.Wemayalsoexperiencereducedactivityinareasofthebrainandincreasedcontrolbytheperipheralnervoussystemduringmentalrestandrestoration.8.Whydoestheauthordescribetheexhibitionvisit?A.Toshowlocalartistictechniques. B.Todescribeatypicalweekendactivity.C.Topresentapsychologicalconcept. D.Toreflectoncommunityengagement.9.Whatcanweknowaboutsoftfascination?A.Itconsumesmorementaleffort.B.Itislesscommonthanhardfascination.C.Itallowsforirrelevantreflections.D.Itrequiresfullattentiontooneobject.10.Whatismostlikelytoberecommendedforexperiencingsoftfascination?A.Walkingaloneinaquietforest. B.Solvingcomplexintellectualpuzzles.C.Attendingdebatesonsocialissues. D.Engaginginintensephysicalexercise.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Whatwearehabituallyfascinatedabout. B.Whyweshouldexperiencesoftfascination.C.Howwedistinguishdifferentfascinations. D.Whetherwegenuinelyexperiencefascination.【答案】8.C9.C10.A11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过作者参观肖像画展的经历引出“软迷恋”这一心理学概念，并将其与“硬迷恋”进行对比，阐述了软迷恋对心理健康的益处以及如何在日常生活中融入软迷恋体验。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thismonth,Ijourneyedaboutonehoureasttoattendoneoftheseevents.Thefeaturedeventwasacollectionofportraits(肖像)paintedbyalocalartist.Themodelsintheportraitswerehomelesspeople.Theartistprovidedbriefdescriptionsofthepersonalities,backgrounds,orbehaviorsofthepeopleassheexperiencedthemwhilepaintingthem.Allofthearteffortlesslyfocusedattendees’mindsonthehumanizationofmarginalized(边缘化)peoplewhoareoftendehumanized.(本月，我向东驱车约一小时去参加其中一场活动。活动的主角是一位当地画家创作的一组肖像画，画中的模特都是无家可归者。画家根据作画时的接触，为每幅画附上了简短的描述，介绍模特的个性、背景或行为方式。所有作品都自然而然地引导观众去关注那些常被非人化的边缘群体身上的人性光辉)”中作者对参观画展的描述和第三段中“Iwasabletofeelthehumanspiritofthefeaturedpeople.Icouldimaginethemandthinkabouttheirlifeexperiences.Thesearewhatresearchershavelabeledtobekindsofimportant,effortless,andinvaluablehardfascinationexperiences.

(我能够感受到画中人物的人性精神。我可以想象他们的样子，思考他们的人生经历。这些正是研究者所称的重要、毫不费力且无比珍贵的“硬迷恋”体验)”可知，作者描述参观展览是为了引出“硬迷恋”这一心理学概念。故选C项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Researchersdescribesoftfascinationasattentionthatislessdemandingonourmentalcapacity.Therefore,duringsoftfascination,wecanreflectonotherunresolvedthoughtswhileweareattractedbysomethinginourimmediateenvironment.(研究者将软迷恋描述为对我们的心智容量要求较低的注意状态。因此，在软迷恋过程中，当我们被周围环境中的事物所吸引时，我们仍能反思其他未解的思绪)”可知，软迷恋允许我们在被吸引的同时进行其他无关的思考。故选C项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“ResearchersBasu,Duvall,andKaplanalsodiscoveredthattheirstudyparticipantsperceivednature-basedactivitiesastheirpreferredwaystoexperiencesoftfascination.(研究人员Basu、Duvall和Kaplan还发现，他们的研究参与者认为基于自然的活动是体验软迷恋的首选方式)”以及第六段中“Thisalsomeansthatwemightconsidermakingmoretimetoincorporateexperiencesofsoftfascinationintoourdailylives.

Wemayalsoexperiencereducedactivityinareasofthebrainandincreasedcontrolbytheperipheralnervoussystemduringmentalrestandrestoration.(这也意味着，我们或许可以考虑留出更多时间，将软迷恋的体验融入日常生活。在心理休息和恢复期间，我们大脑某些区域的活动可能会减少，而外周神经系统的控制力则会增强)”可推知，在安静的自然环境中独处最可能被推荐用于体验软迷恋。故选A项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第五段中“Softfascinationmaybehealthyforourmindsbygivingusabreakfromhectichustleculture,stressors,anddisconnectionfromnature,asiteofpossiblemultisensorysoftfascinationandhealthbenefits.(软迷恋可能对我们的心理健康有益，因为它让我们从忙碌的奋斗文化、压力源以及与自然的脱节中得到休息——自然是可能产生多感官软迷恋和健康益处的地方)”以及第六段中“It’simportantintoday’sstressful,chaotic,21st-centuryworldthatwelearntoconservementalcapacitytosupportrestandrestoration.Thisalsomeansthatwemightconsidermakingmoretimetoincorporateexperiencesofsoftfascinationintoourdailylives.(在当今充满压力和混乱的21世纪，学会保存心智能力以支持休息和恢复非常重要。这也意味着，我们或许可以考虑留出更多时间，将软迷恋的体验融入日常生活)”可知，本文主要论述了软迷恋对心理健康的益处以及为什么我们应该主动体验软迷恋。故B项“Whyweshouldexperiencesoftfascination.(为什么我们应该体验软迷恋)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选B项。DHumansareamongthefewspeciesthatcanrecognizetheirreflectionsandlearnfromthem.Childrenobservetheirbodiesinmirrors,mentallynotewhattheysee,andforma“mentalmodel”in3Dspace,aidingthedevelopmentofmovement,coordination,andearlylanguageskills.Thisprocessisknownas“self-simulation(自我模拟)”.Normally,roboticiststrainAImodelspoweringrobotsinhighlydetailedandcuratedvirtualsimulations.It’sonlyafterplentifulroundsoftrainingarecompletethatamodelistypicallyappliedtoaphysicalmachine.Butthatprocessislimitinginmultipleways.Forstarters,advancedsimulationscantakealongtimetoperfectandoftenrequireextensiveengineeringexpertise.Theyarealsosomewhatrestrained(限制)intermsofadaptability.“Ourgoalisarobotthatunderstandsitsownbody,adaptstodamage,andlearnsnewskillswithoutconstanthumanprogramming,”leadauthorYuhangHusaid.Todothat,theresearchersdevelopedanew“self-supervisedlearningframework”consistingofthreeseparatedeepneuralnetworks.Acoordinateencoder(编码器)processesarawvideooftherobotfromasinglecamera.Akinematic(运动学的)encoderthenturnsthisimage,whichhighlightstherobot’sjointsandmovementareas,intoabinaryimage.Finally,apredictivemodelinstructstherobotarmonhowtomoveintherealworldbasedonthisdata.Theresultisarobotthatcancontinuouslyadjustitsmovementsbasedonvideodatafromacameraratherthanrelyingonavirtualtrainingsimulation.Theresearchersalsoshowedhowthesamemodelcouldhelptherobotadapttodamage.Researcherswantedtoseehowtherobotwouldrespondinatheoreticalscenariowhereanoverlyheavyloadbentitslimb(肢体).Totestthis,they3D-printedadamagedlimbandattachedittotherobot.Afterwatchingavideoofitselfwiththenewarm,themodelwasabletorefineitspredictionsandadjusttherobot’smovementstocompensateforthesimulateddamage.Theself-simulationmethodhasmundaneadvantages—forexample,avacuumrobot(扫地机器人)couldusethesetechniquestoadjustitsmovementafterbumpingintoawall.Thismeansclumsyrobotsinmessyhomesmighthandledailychallengesbetter.12.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thedevelopmentofvirtualsimulations. B.TheprocessofAImodelcreation.C.Thechallengesofrobotadaptability. D.Thelimitationsoftraditionalrobottraining.13.Whatmakesthenewframeworkdifferentfromtraditionalmethods?A.Itenablesreal-timeadaptation. B.Itneedsconstanthumaninput.C.Itusesmultiplephysicalsensors. D.Itcopieshumanbrainsignals.14.Howdidtherobotadapttodamageinthetest?A.Byapplying3D-printednewlimbs.B.Byanalyzingavideoofitsownbehavior.C.Byfollowingdetailedhumaninstructions.D.Byreducingitsownmovementspeed.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mundane”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Futuristic. B.Ordinary. C.Theoretical. D.Complicated.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员开发了一种新的“自我监督学习框架”，使机器人能自我模拟，克服传统训练局限并适应损伤。【12题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Normally,roboticiststrainAImodelspoweringrobotsinhighlydetailedandcuratedvirtualsimulations.It’sonlyafterplentifulroundsoftrainingarecompletethatamodelistypicallyappliedtoaphysicalmachine.Butthatprocessislimitinginmultipleways.(通常，机器人专家在高度详细和精心策划的虚拟模拟中训练为机器人提供动力的AI模型。只有在经过大量轮次的训练后，模型才会被应用到物理机器上。但这个过程在多个方面都存在局限性)”可知，本段主要讲述了传统机器人训练的局限性。故选D。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theresultisarobotthatcancontinuouslyadjustitsmovementsbasedonvideodatafromacameraratherthanrelyingonavirtualtrainingsimulation.(其结果是一个机器人可以根据来自摄像机的视频数据不断调整其动作，而不是依赖虚拟训练模拟)”可知，新框架与传统方法的不同之处在于它能够实现实时调整。故选A。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Afterwatchingavideoofitselfwiththenewarm,themodelwasabletorefineitspredictionsandadjusttherobot’smovementstocompensateforthesimulateddamage.(在观看了自己使用新手臂的视频后，该模型能够完善其预测，并调整机器人的动作以补偿模拟的损伤)”可知，机器人通过分析自己行为的视频来适应损伤。故选B。【15题详析】词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Theself-simulationmethodhasmundaneadvantages—forexample,avacuumrobot(扫地机器人)couldusethesetechniquestoadjustitsmovementafterbumpingintoawall.Thismeansclumsyrobotsinmessyhomesmighthandledailychallengesbetter.(这种自我模拟方法具备mundane优势——例如，扫地机器人在撞到墙壁后，可以运用这些技术调整移动路线。这意味着在杂乱的家庭环境中，动作笨拙的机器人或许能更好地应对日常挑战)”可知，这是日常、普通的应用场景，mundane意为“普通的”。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyourfriendshipsaregoingtolastalongtime,yousimplyhavetoacceptthatthingswillalwayschange,andthatthechangeswon’talwaysbecomfortable.Startwiththefriendshiptriangle(三角).Ifafriendshipisfeelingstrange,there’sagooddiagnostic(诊断的)toolyoucanusetofigureoutabitaboutwhat’sgoingon.____16____Thefriendshiptriangleismadeofthreeequallylongsides.Anyway,thebaseispositivity,andtwosidesofthetriangleareconsistencyandvulnerability.Ifyoulookatyourfriendshipthroughthisangle,it’smucheasiertoseewhat’soffbalanceandadjustaccordingly.Figureoutwhatyouvalue.AnotherhelpfuldiagnostictoolistolookatfriendshipsthroughtheangleofyourTME—time,moneyandenergy.____17____ThinkaboutwhereyourTMEisgoing,howyou’respendingitandwhoyou’regivingitto.Ifyou’rebeingdrainedoftheseresources,itmightbetimetoshifttherelationship.Don’tbeafraidtoaskforthings.Ifyouwantafriendshipthatlastsalongtime,youshouldgetcomfortableaskingforwhatyouneed.____18____Sometimesitcanbehealing(治愈的)toactuallythinkofsomesmallthingsthatwouldmakeyoufeelgood.Noteveryfriendisgoingtobethereforever.____19____Youmayoutgroweachother,orlifemaysimplypullyouapart.Somefriendscomeintoyourlifetoteachyousomething,tohelpyouthroughahardtime,orjusttoshareamomentofjoy.Andoncethatpurposeisfulfilled,it’snaturalforthemtofadeintomemory.Beintentionalaboutyourbreakups.Thefinalpieceofadvicecanbehardtotake:Sometimesfriendshipsend.Societydoesn’treallyhaveastructureforhowtoendfriendships,butwhenthingsend,it’sgoodtobeintentional.Therearealotoffolksoutthereintheworldandyouhavetimetomakenewfriends.____20____A.Askforexactlywhatyouneed.B.Youmaygrowupintoakindperson.C.Peoplechangeindifferentdirections.D.Theseareyourmostvaluableresources.E.Expertscallthisthe“friendshiptriangle”.F.Don’tbeatyourselfupforbreakingoffafriendship.G.Thereisthebaseofyoursuccessfulrelationshipwithothers.【答案】16.E17.D18.A19.C20.F【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍维持长久友谊的方法，包括运用友谊三角、明确自身价值、主动表达需求、接受朋友离别等。【16题详析】根据前文“Ifafriendshipisfeelingstrange,there’sagooddiagnostictoolyoucanusetofigureoutabitaboutwhat’sgoingon.(如果一段友谊感觉不对劲，你可以使用一个有效的诊断工具来了解发生了什么。)”以及后文“Thefriendshiptriangleismadeofthreeequallylongsides.(友谊三角由三条等长的边构成。)”可知，前文提出有一个诊断工具，后文直接介绍友谊三角，E选项“Expertscallthisthe“friendshiptriangle”.(专家称之为“友谊三角”。)”承接前文的工具，同时引出后文对友谊三角的介绍，符合语境。故选E项。【17题详析】根据前文“AnotherhelpfuldiagnostictoolistolookatfriendshipsthroughtheangleofyourTME—time,moneyandenergy.(另一个有用的诊断工具是从你的TME——时间、金钱和精力——的角度看待友谊。)”可知，前文提出时间、金钱和精力这三个要素，D选项“Theseareyourmostvaluableresources.(这些是你最宝贵的资源。)”中的These指代前文的time,moneyandenergy，对其进行定性说明，符合语境。故选D项。【18题详析】根据前文“Ifyouwantafriendshipthatlastsalongtime,youshouldgetcomfortableaskingforwhatyouneed.(如果你想要一段长久的友谊，你应该坦然地提出你的需求。)”可知，本段核心是主动提出自己的需求，A选项“Askforexactlywhatyouneed.(明确说出你需要的东西。)”与前文观点一致，进一步强调主动表达需求，符合语境。故选A项。【19题详析】根据后文“Youmayoutgroweachother,orlifemaysimplypullyouapart.(你们可能会彼此不再适配，或者生活只会将你们分开。)”可知，后文说明人与人之间会渐行渐远，C选项“Peoplechangeindifferentdirections.(人们会朝着不同的方向改变。)”解释了朋友无法长久相伴的原因，引出后文内容，符合语境。故选C项。【20题详析】根据前文“Sometimesfriendshipsend.Societydoesn’treallyhaveastructureforhowtoendfriendships,butwhenthingsend,it’sgoodtobeintentional.Therearealotoffolksoutthereintheworldandyouhavetimetomakenewfriends.(有时友谊会结束。社会并没有明确的方式来结束友谊，但当关系结束时，有意识地处理是件好事。世界上有很多人，你有时间结交新朋友。)”可知，前文建议坦然结束一段友谊，F选项“Don’tbeatyourselfupforbreakingoffafriendship.(不要因为结束一段友谊而自责。)”承接前文，给出面对友谊结束的正确心态，符合语境。故选F项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Mydadwasaquietmanand,likemanyofhisgeneration,moreacriticthanacheerleader.He____21____aboutmybook-buyinghabit—they’refreeatthelibrary.Onthe____22____reportcardloadedwithA’s,he’dpayattentiontothe____23____B.Ilongedfor____24____,buthedidn’tspeakthatlanguage.Afewyearslater,afterseveralrejections,Ifinally____25____mydreamjobasareporteratalocalnewspaper.Itoldhimexcitedly,“I’llbe____26____cityeventsandhumanintereststories!”Henodded____27____,andthensaid,“Isitfulltime?”Itriedhidingmy____28____.“It’sastart,”Isaid.Hedidn’taskaboutmyarticles,buteverytimeI____29____anewstoryaboutwhatjusthappened,he’dpausebriefly—asifhe____30____,butdidn’tknowhowtoshowit.NotlongafterIstartedthejob,hebegan____31____healthproblems.Ithoughthe’dhavetimetoseemegrowinmy____32____,tomaybeevenreadmoreofmywork.Butonemorning,hewassimplygone,leavingsomanywordsunspoken.Afewweekslater,Iofferedtohelp____33____histruck.WhenIpulledopenthegloveboxtodealwiththelastofthemess,Ifoundasmallpileofnewspaperclippings.Mystories.Theedgeswereworn,thepapersoftatthecreases(褶痕)—handledoften,keptlike____34____.____35____doesn’talwaysappearthewayweexpectitto.Sometimes,itlivesinthefolds.21.A.heard B.talked C.complained D.worried22.A.rare B.messy C.abandoned D.recommended23.A.basic B.lonely C.formal D.regular24.A.praise B.success C.promotion D.advice25.A.changed B.wanted C.landed D.admitted26.A.organizing B.judging C.comparing D.covering27.A.quietly B.desperately C.secretly D.shyly28.A.curiosity B.confusion C.disappointment D.relief29.A.chose B.mentioned C.polished D.needed30.A.regretted B.hesitated C.promised D.cared31.A.reporting B.fearing C.ignoring D.experiencing32.A.schooling B.family C.career D.hobby33.A.cleanout B.driveaway C.putaside D.fixup34.A.evidence B.treasures C.tools D.waste35.A.Hope B.Trust C.Courage D.Love【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.A25.C26.D27.A28.C29.B30.D31.D32.C33.A34.B35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与父亲之间深沉而内敛的爱，以及父亲对作者工作的默默支持。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他抱怨我买书的习惯——在图书馆看书是免费的。A.heard听见；B.talked谈论；C.complained抱怨；D.worried担心。根据上文“Mydadwasaquietmanand,likemanyofhisgeneration,moreacriticthanacheerleader”和下文“they’refreeatthelibrary”可知，我爸爸是个批评家。父亲认为在图书馆看书是免费的，因此抱怨作者买书的习惯。故选C。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那张难得的、极少出现的满是A的成绩单上，他却会注意那个孤零零的B。A.rare稀有的；B.messy杂乱的；C.abandoned被遗弃的；D.recommended被推荐的。根据上文“reportcardloadedwithA’s”可知，这份满是A的成绩单是很少见的，因此用rare表示“稀有的，难得的”。故选A。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意见上。A.basic基本的；B.lonely孤独的；C.formal正式的；D.regular有规律的。根据上文“reportcardloadedwithA’s”可知，与满是A形成对比，只有一个B，显得孤单。故选B。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我渴望得到赞扬，但他不会说那种语言。A.praise赞扬；B.success成功；C.promotion提升；D.advice建议。根据上文“onthe______reportcardloadedwithA’s,he’dpayattentiontothe______B”可知，作者成绩很好，但父亲只关注那个B，前文父亲只关注缺点，不夸奖，因此作者渴望赞扬。故选A。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年后，经过几次拒绝，我终于得到了当地一家报社记者这一理想工作。A.changed改变；B.wanted想要；C.landed获得；D.admitted承认。根据上文“afterseveralrejections”和下文“mydreamjobasareporter”可知，经过几次拒绝后，作者终于获得了理想的工作。故选C。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会报道城市活动和人文故事！A.organizing组织；B.judging判断；C.comparing比较；D.covering报道。根据上文“asareporter”可知，作为记者，作者的工作是报道城市活动和人文故事。故选D。【27题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他静静地点了点头，然后说：“是全职的吗？”A.quietly安静地；B.desperately绝望地；C.secretly秘密地；D.shyly害羞地。根据上文“Mydadwasaquietman”可知，父父亲性格内敛，反应平静。故选A。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我试图掩饰我的失望。A.curiosity好奇心；B.confusion困惑；C.disappointment失望；D.relief宽慰。根据上文“Isitfulltime?”和下文“It’sastart”可知，作者兴奋分享，父亲却只关心是否全职，作者感到失落。故选C。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不问我的文章，但每次我提到一个刚发生的新故事时，他都会短暂停顿一下——好像他在乎，但不知道如何表现出来。A.chose选择；B.mentioned提到；C.polished擦亮；D.needed需要。根据下文“anewstoryaboutwhatjusthappened”可知，此处指作者向父亲提到一个刚发生的新故事。故选B。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不问我的文章，但每次我提到一个刚发生的新故事时，他都会短暂停顿一下——好像他在乎，但不知道如何表现出来。A.regretted后悔；B.hesitated犹豫；C.promised承诺；D.cared关心。根据下文“butdidn’tknowhowtoshowit”可知，本空与下文构成转折，父亲不知道如何表现，但好像他在乎作者的工作。故选D。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始工作后不久，他就开始遭遇健康问题。A.reporting报告；B.fearing害怕；C.ignoring忽视；D.experiencing经历，遭遇。根据下文“healthproblems”可知，父亲开始遭遇健康问题。故选D。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以为他会有时间看到我在职业生涯中成长，甚至可能会读更多我的作品。A.schooling学校教育；B.family家庭；C.career职业；D.hobby爱好。根据上文“mydreamjobasareporte