25-26中考英语语法-定语从句专题精讲

25-26中考英语语法---定语从句专题精讲一、考点导航定语从句（TheAttributiveClause）是中考语法的「第二座大山」，在全国各地中考的单项选择、完形填空中几乎必考。一句话理解定语从句：用一个句子去修饰前面的名词（先行词），这个句子就叫定语从句。例如Iknowthegirl

whosefatherisadoctor.中，whosefatherisadoctor修饰先行词thegirl。定语从句的核心只有一个字：「选对关系词」。关系词在从句中既要「当班干活」（充当主语、宾语、定语或状语），又要「衔接先行词」。判断三步走①找先行词（人/物/时间/地点/原因）②看关系词在从句中缺什么成分③据此选词先行词关系词示例人（主语/宾语）who/thatTheboywhoisstandingthereismybrother.人（宾语，口语可省）whom/who/thatThegirl(whom)youmetismysister.人（所有格）whoseIknowthegirlwhosefatherisadoctor.物（主语/宾语）which/thatThebookwhichisonthedeskismine.时间（作状语）whenIstillrememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.地点（作状语）whereThisisthefactorywheremyfatherworks.原因（作状语）whyThat'sthereasonwhyhewaslate.不定代词（anything等）thatIwilldoanythingthatIcan.最高级/序数词后thatThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.二、必备考点精讲〖必备考点1〗关系代词：先看先行词，再看从句缺什么关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。指人用who/whom/that，指物用which/that，whose兼指人和物（＝ofwhom/ofwhich）。【例】Thewoman

who

hadseenmanypalacesstillmissedherhumblehome.见过许多宫殿的妇人依然怀念她简陋的家。【例】Anewgadget

which/that

manypeoplemightbuymakesagoodgift.一个很多人可能会买的新玩意儿是不错的礼物。【例】Heisapsychologist

whose

researchchangedthefield.他是一位其研究改变了该领域的心理学家。🎵选词三步法①先行词是人还是物？②关系词在从句中当主语、宾语还是定语？③缺主语→who/which/that；缺宾语→whom/who/which/that（可省）；缺定语→whose。〖必备考点2〗关系副词：when/where/why的判断技巧先行词是时间、地点、原因，且关系词在从句中作状语时，分别用when、where、why。【例】Istillremembertheday

when

wefirstmeteachother.我仍然记得我们初次相遇的那一天。【例】Thisisthefactory

where

myfatherhasworkedfortenyears.这就是我父亲工作了十年的工厂。【例】That'sthereason

why

hewaslateforclass.那就是他上课迟到的原因。🔎直击重难点：where还是which？换词验证法：把when换成onwhich、where换成inwhich、why换成forwhich，句子仍然成立→用关系副词；如果不成立（从句缺主语或宾语），则改用关系代词。Thisisthefactory

where

myfatherworks.（works后不缺宾语→where）Thisisthefactory

which/that

myfather

built.（built后缺宾语→关系代词）〖必备考点3〗只能用that的四种情况以下情况关系词只能用that（指物）或that/who（指人）：情况例句①先行词为不定代词all,something,anything,nothing,much,little,few等Isthereanything

that

Icandotohelpyou?②先行词被形容词最高级修饰Sheisthemostcarefulgirl

that

Ihaveevermet.③先行词被序数词（thefirst,thelast等）修饰Hewasthefirststudent

that

finishedtheprojectontime.④先行词被theonly,thevery,all,every,any等修饰Theonlybook

that

hewantedwasstillonthedesk.🎵只用that口诀不定代词排头站，最高级序数词紧相连；theonly、thevery一出现，关系词用that不用谈。〖必备考点4〗只能用which的两种情况情况例句①非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开，起补充说明作用）Beijing,

which

isthecapitalofChina,hasalonghistory.②关系词紧跟介词之后Thisisthehouse

inwhich

Ilivedfortenyears.（＝where）非限制性定语从句相当于「顺便再提一句」，删去后主句依然完整；它不能用that引导，也不能省略关系词。〖必备考点5〗介词+关系代词「介词＋which/whom」是定语从句的进阶考点：介词的选择取决于从句动词的固定搭配或先行词。【例】Thepen

withwhich

Iwriteisbroken.＝Thepen

which/that

Iwrite

with

isbroken.我用来写字的那支钢笔坏了。【例】Theman

towhom

Ispokeismyteacher.＝Theman

whom/who

Ispoke

to

ismyteacher.和我说话的那个人是我的老师。三、口诀速记大全🎵定语从句总口诀定语从句不算难，先行词后把词添；人物whose分得清，时间when地点where

见；原因why来把线牵，缺啥成分填啥词，含义通畅是关键。🔎关系词的双重身份关系词在句中身兼两职：一头连着先行词，一头在从句里干活；它作宾语时可「请假」（省略），作主语时必须「到岗」（不可省）——省略后谓语动词别丢主语。四、经典易错题型◆题型1关系词「抢班夺权」陷阱★★★★★【例】改错：Thisisthebook

which

Ibought

it

yesterday.⚠陷阱：which已经充当bought的宾语，再加it就「一个岗位两人占」。破解：删去it——「关系词＋代词重复」是改错题的经典陷阱。答案：删去it。◆题型2thereason...because陷阱★★★★【例】改错：Thereasonwhyhewaslateis

because

hegotuplate.⚠陷阱：thereason与because语义重复（「原因是因为」）。破解：reason后的表语从句用that引导。答案：because→that。◆题型3where与which混淆陷阱★★★★【例】Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.whichC.inwhich⚠陷阱：先行词是「地点」就条件反射选where。破解：从句wevisited缺宾语，visited是及物动词，后面必须跟宾语→用which/that。答案：B。◆题型4whose与who陷阱★★★【例】改错：Sheisthegirl

who

herfatherisateacher.⚠陷阱：先行词指人就用who。破解：从句herfather中缺少定语「她的」，应用whose（＝whosefather/ofwhomthefather）。答案：who→whose。◆题型5「oneof＋复数名词」后谓语单复数陷阱★★★【例】Heisoneofthestudentswho______goodatEnglish.A.isB.areC.was⚠陷阱：看到heis就选is。破解：先行词是thestudents（复数），关系词who指代thestudents，从句谓语用复数are；若说theonlyoneofthestudentswho...则先行词是theonlyone，用单数。答案：B。◆题型6分词还是从句？——定语从句的「瘦身版」★★★【例】改错：Therearemanystudents

play

ontheplayground.⚠陷阱：两个谓语动词play和are挤在一个句子里。破解：play前补who，或改用现在分词playing作后置定语（＝studentswhoareplaying）。答案：play→whoplay/playing。五、巩固习题一、关系词填空用who/whom/whose/which/that/when/where/why填空1Thegirl______youmetyesterdayismysister.2Thewoman______hadseenmanypalacesstillmissedherhumblehome.3Istillremembertheday______wefirstmeteachother.4Thisisthefactory______myfatherhasworkedfortenyears.5That'sthereason______hewaslateforclass.6Anewgadget______manypeoplemightbuymakesagoodgift.7Theshareofpeople______ownedtheirownhomeskeptrising.8Suburbs______eachhousehadasimilarlawnbecamepopular.9Heisapsychologist______preferstodoeverythingbyhimself.10Thegrasscourts______aremowedeverydaylookbeautiful.二、「只用that」专项11Isthereanything______Icandotohelpyou?12Hewasthefirststudent______finishedtheprojectontime.13Sheisthemostcarefulgirl______Ihaveevermet.14Theonlybook______hewantedwasstillonthedesk.三、单项选择15Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.whichC.inwhich16Doyouknowtheboy______fatherisapoliceman?A.whoB.whoseC.which17Beijing,______isthecapitalofChina,hasalonghistory.A.thatB.whichC.where18Thehouse______weliveinwasbuilt100yearsago.A.whichB.whereC.what19Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______fromthecountryside.A.comeB.comesC.coming20I'llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogetherinthevillage.A.whenB.whichC.where21Theman______istalkingwithourteacherisTom'sfather.A.whomB.whichC.who22Thisisthebestmovie______Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.who四、单句改错每句一处错误23ThisisthebookwhichIboughtityesterday.24Thereasonwhyhewaslateisbecausehegotuplate.25Sheisthegirlwhoherfatherisateacher.26Therearemanystudentsplayontheplayground.27ThebookwhichwrittenbyLuXunisveryfamous.28Thisisthefactorywheremyfatherworksin.六、参考答案与解析一、关系词填空1.

whom/who/that（关系词作met的宾语，可省略）2.

who（从句缺主语，指人）3.

when（先行词theday，从句缺时间状语）4.

where（hasworked后无宾语，缺地点状语；也可用inwhich）5.

why（thereason后缺原因状语）6.

that/which（作mightbuy的宾语，指物）7.

who（缺主语，指人）8.

where（eachhousehad...缺地点状语）9.

who（缺主语，