定语从句高考复习.ppt

1、2009高考英语复习定语从句考点课件,修饰名词和代词的成分,Keywords:,定语:,abeautifulflower,atallboy,beautiful,tall,定语从句：,修饰名词和代词的从句,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.,定语从句,thebestfilm,先行词,that,关系词,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.,关系词,引导定语从句,代替先行词,在从句中担当一个成分,关系词的作用,1）,2）,3）,Beijingisthecitythat/whichhasgotthechancetohostthe2008Olympi

2、cGames.,Beijing,thecity,getthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.,Revision1theusageoftherelativepronoun,who,whom,which,that,whose,1.that在从句中作主语或宾语,指人和物。1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.(主语)2)ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredelicious.(宾语)3)Letsaskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.(主语)4)Thegirlthatwesawyesterdayi

3、sJimsister.(宾语),2.which在从句中作主语或宾语,指物Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidntneedmuchwater.(主语)2)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.(宾语)3.who、whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语(口语中who也可作宾语)TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.(主语),2)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMichael.(主语)3)ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.(宾

4、语)4)Mr.Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.(宾语),4.whose在从句中作定语,指人或物。MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.2)Thisistheboywhosecompositiontheteachertalkedof.3)Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.,关系代词whose还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。如:Thebossinwhosecompanymyfatherworkedisaverykindperson.,NOTE,theu

5、sageoftherelativeadverb,when,where,why,time,place,reason,adverbial,adverbial,adverbial,=介词+which,Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？,起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。,起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意

6、义不受影响。,修饰先行词,修饰先行词/整个句子,无逗号隔开,有逗号与主句隔开,有that,无that,Revision2限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,作宾语时可以省略,不可以省略,Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.,Revision2限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥）,她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。,Theb

7、ook(that/which)IboughtyesterdayisHarryPotterandtheOrderofPhoenix.Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,isHarryPotterandtheOrderofPhoenix.,有that，作宾语时可以省略,无that,作宾语时不可以省略,，,我昨天买的那本书是哈里.波特与凤凰令,1.指物时只用that或which的情况2.介词+关系代词3.Whose用法及转换形式4.as与which的区别5.指人时that与who的区别6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题,常见考点,1.Thisisa

8、ll_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it,考点一:that与which的区别,先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时，关系代词用,that,4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks

9、_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat,6.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it,7.Whichwasthehotel_wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it,先行词为人和物的组合,先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时,先行词被序数词

10、或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。,若主句中有疑问代词who或者which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用who,which，而用that。,下列情况只用that不用which引导定语从句。1)先行词是all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,noone,some等不定代词。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?2)先行词被all,every,no,some,little,few,much,oneof,th

11、eonly,thevery,theright,等所修饰时。Theonlythingthathecoulddowaswaiting.ThelastplacethattheyvisitedwasBeijing.,考点一:that与which的区别,3)先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthefirstfilmthatIveeverseen.ThelastplacethattheyvisitedwasBeijing.4)先行词中既有人又有物时。Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschoolsthatwehadvisited.,5)先行词被the

12、only,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。6)在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中,要用that。Whoeverthatiscontentwithalittleprogresscantmakebigachievements.7)关系代词在定语从句中作表语只用that。Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.,1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichBthatCt

13、hisD.it,只用which的情况:1,逗号后面2,介词后面,2.Theday_hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.A.onwhichB.thatC.whichD.this,考点二:介词+关系代词,提醒:介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系,注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替,ThemanisfromBeijingUniversity.Italkedabouthimatthemeeti

14、ng.Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.,Jointhemintoonesentence.,=ThemanaboutItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.,关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。,whom,但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置,Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?,Fillingb

15、lanks:,1.Theman_youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.2.Theroom_myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.,withwhom,inwhich,考点三Whose用法及转换形式,1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。Thatsthechildwhosefatherisateacher.,Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。,3.whose的先行

16、词指物时,可用ofwhich代替,但词序不同，即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.,Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.,=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.,=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.,thewindowofwhich,ofwhichthewindow,考点四：as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeare

17、interesting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.2.as引导的从句可以放在句首,as本身有“正如.正象”之意，与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,pointout等。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.,1._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_weuseintheexperiment_Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is,3.Sheisverygoodatdance,_eve

18、rybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as4._hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As5.Wedothesamework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like,Anyone_breaksthelawispunished.Those_breakthelawarepunished.He_breaksthelawispunished.,在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词时,用”who”代替“that”.,考点五:that与who的区

19、别,who,who,who,考点六:如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?,选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分。,做主语，宾语，定语用,做状语用,关系代词,关系副词,Iwillneverforgettheday_Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_wespentinBeijing.Thehouse_wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse_Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.,when,(which/that),(which/that),where,考

20、点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.Iamnotonewho_afraidofdifficulty2.Dontchooseme,who_notfitforthisjob,is,am,3.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewritten4.Sheisnottheonlyoneofthegirls_wellinclass.A.whichsingsB.whosingC.whosings

21、D.whotosing,1.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek?,D,Isthisthefactory_wevisitedlastweek?,A、whereB、thatC、towhichD、theone,B,解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。,Exercises,2.Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.,A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、which,A,先行词是situation,case,scene时，一般用where,最佳选择则是inwhich,3.Shewillnever

22、forgettheday_shespentinBeijing.,A、whenB、whatC、whichD、why,C,Shewillneverforgettheday_shestayedwithhiminBeijing.,A,5.Thecollegewonttakeanyone_eyesightisweak.,A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、which,B,6.Those_totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.,A、whoB、whowantC、whowantsD、what,B,7.IdontlikeEnglish,_grammarIamnoti

23、nterested.IdontlikeEnglish,_grammarisdifficulttolearn.Ilikethishouse,_doorwayisjustenoughtoget.Ilikethishouse,_doorwayissmall.A.inwhichB.whichC.throughwhoseD.whose,A,D,C,D,8.I，_yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.,A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoam,D,9.Whichofthetwocows_youkeepproducesmoremilk?,A、w

24、hichB、thatC、whatD、as,B,10.Hiswalkingstick,_hecantwalk,waslostyesterday.,A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhich,D,11.Whichofthetwocows_youkeepproducesmoremilk?,A、whichB、thatC、whatD、as,B,12.HemustbefromAfrica,_canbeseenfromhisskin.A.thatB.asC.whoD.what,B,13.Thisisthesamepen_Ilostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.

25、theoneD.A&B,D,比较：.thesamepenasIlost.thesamepenthatIlost.,表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是,则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支.,14.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem_wecouldntsolve.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem_wecouldntsolveit.A.asB.thatC.whichD.theones,A,B,so.that后面跟的是一个结果状语从句,15._ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.WhatD.That,B,16.Illtellyou_hetoldmelastnight.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all,D,17.Howdoyoulikethebook?Itsquitedifferentfrom_Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat,C,19.Therearet