虚拟现实PPT英文版

1、Virtualrealitytechnology,Themaincontent,IOverviewIIVRhardwareandinteractiondevicesIIIVirtualRealityandGISnetworkIVVirtualrealitytechnologydevelopsVvirtualenvironmentmodelingandtoolsVIdevelopmentexample:VirtualCampusXianlinCampusofNanjingNormalUniversityVIIProspectsandProblemsAppendix:References,IOut

2、line,Virtualrealityisthedevelopmentofcomputertechnologyishighlycrystallineandisreflectedinthevariousfieldsintheapplicationprocess,includingnotonlygraphics,imageprocessing,patternrecognition,networktechnology,parallelprocessingtechnology,artificialintelligenceandotherhigh-performancecomputingtechnolo

3、gy,butalsoinvolvesmathematics,physics,communications,andevenrelatedtometeorology,geography,aesthetics,psychologyandsociology.,I-IWhatisvirtualreality,Virtualrealityorvirtualenvironmentisgeneratedbyacomputerhavingspotfeelingenvironment,itisanewinteractivesystem.Virtualrealitytechnologyisessentiallyah

4、ighlyrealisticsimulationofhumanvisioninreallife.Hearing.Actionandotheractsofinteractivetechnology.Traditionalinformationprocessingenvironmenthasbeenapeopleadaptcomputer,whiletodaysgoalorideaistograduallymakecomputeradaptationandpeoplecalledfortheadoptionofsight,hearing,touch,smell,andbody,gestureorp

5、assword,toparticipateintheinformationenvironmentaltreatedtotherebyobtainanimmersiveexperience.Thisinformationprocessingsystemisnolongerbasedontheone-dimensionaldigitalspace,butonamultidimensionalinformationspace.Virtualrealitytechnologyisakeytechnologytosupportthismulti-dimensionalinformationspace.,

6、I-IIVirtualRealityFeaturs,ImmersionInteractionImagination,Immersion,vAnartificialcomputergeneratedvirtualenvironment,thisvirtualenvironmentisathree-dimensionaldigitalmodelsconstructedbycomputergraphics,programmedintoacomputertoproducerealisticvirtualenvironment,allowinguserstogenerateanimmersivevirt

7、ualenvironmentvisuallythefeeling,whichisasenseofvirtualrealitytechnologyimmersion(Immersion)orspotasenseofparticipation,Interaction,Modelandthetraditionalthree-dimensionalanimationandvirtualrealityareusuallygeneratedbyCADsystemsisnotthesame,itisnotastaticworld,butanopen,interactive,virtualrealityenv

8、ironmentcaninfluencebycontrollingandmonitoringdevicesorusersEffects,whichisthesecondfeatureVR,eraction(Interaction).,Imagination,Virtualrealityisnotjustademonstrationofmedia,butalsoadesigntool.Itreflectsthevisualformdesignerideas,suchaswhenthefrontcoverofamodernbuilding,thefirstthingyoudoisfo

9、rthebuildingsstructure,beautifulideatododetailed,inordertomakequantitative,youneedtomanydesigndrawings,ofcourse,thesedrawingsonlyinsidersunderstand,virtualrealitycanputthisideaintoavisiblevirtualobjectsandenvironments,sothatinthepastonlywithtraditionalsandtabledesignpatternsupgradetodigital-per-view

10、incomethatisperfection,greatlyimprovingthequalityandefficiencyofthedesignandplanning.ThisisthethirdcategoryofVRhasfeaturesthatimagination(Imagination).,I-IIIVirtualRealityclassificaion,DesktopVirtualRealityImmersivevirtualrealityAugmentedRealityofVirtualRealityDistributedVirtualReality,I-IVThediffer

11、encebetweenvirtualrealityandthree-dimensionalanimation,I-VVirtualrealitytechnologyusedintherealworld,Manygamemakers,inordertomakethegamemorerealisticcharactermovements,oftenwillusethemotioncapturesystem.Virtualrealitytechnologyuseinthefilm.Example:MatrixDisplayofgoods(suchashome,appliances,etc.),IIV

12、Rhardwareandinteractiondevices,Atypicalsystemconsistsofvirtualrealityspacedataacquisitionsystem,thehumandatacapturesystems,three-dimensionaldisplaydevice,aswellasthree-dimensionalcontrolequipmentandacomputersystem.Spatialdataacquisitionsystem,humandatacapturesysteminavirtualenvironmenttoestablishspa

13、cemodel;3Ddisplaydevice,athree-dimensionalcontrolequipmentbelongtothesamethree-dimensionalinteractiveequipment,designandmanufactureof3Dinteractivedevicesuperiorperformanceisthekeytovirtualrealitytechnology.,SpatialDataAcquisitionSystem,Humandatacapturesystem,ComputerSystemsSupergraphicsworkstations,

14、Three-dimensionalcontrolequipment,3Ddisplaydevice,Collection,Alternately,SpatialDataAcquisitionSystem,Spatialdataacquisitionsystemtoobtaintimelyspatialdatathroughsatelliteremotesensing,aerialremotesensingandglobalpositioningsystems,andestablishinganaccurateandreliablevirtualrealityspaceenvironment.R

15、emotesensingisanadvantageoftheinherentcharacteristicsofelectromagneticradiationreflectedfromanobjectandthroughimplementationofelectromagneticwaves,therearetechnicalenvironmentalconditionsandobjectrecognitionobject.,Humandatacapturesystem,Humandatacapturedevicethatcanrecordthebodyofpracticaldataandac

16、tions,includingthebodymovements,facialexpressions,physiologicalindex,smellandvoice.,Interactive3DEquipment,Common3Ddisplaydeviceandstereoscopichelmetmounteddisplayglasses.Helmetmounteddisplaywiththree-dimensionaldrawingtechniquestoproducetwospacedapartperspective,anddirectlydisplayedtotheusercorresp

17、ondstotheleftandtherighteyeontwomonitors.Thenewhelmet-mounteddisplaysareaccompaniedbymagneticpositionsensor,canmeasurethedirectionoftheuserslineofsight,sothescenecanchangeastheuserslineofsightandmaketheappropriatechanges.,Interactive3DEquipment,Acommonfeatureofthethree-dimensionalspacecontroldevicei

18、scapableofcontrollingatleastsixdegreesoffreedom(DegreeofFreedom),correspondingtothethree-dimensionalobjectdescribingthewidth,height,depth,pitch(pitch)angle,rotation(yaw)angleandyaw(roll)angle.Commonthree-dimensionalcontroldevicehasdatagloves,trackball,three-dimensionalprobe,three-dimensionalandthree

19、-dimensionalmousecontrolleverandthelike.Theemergenceofthedataglove,virtualrealitysystemprovidesanewinteractivetoolthatcanprovideuserswithaveryrealandnaturalthree-dimensionalinteractivetools.,High-performancecomputersystems,High-performancecomputersystemprocessingtechnologyincludesdataconversionandda

20、tapreprocessingtechnologies;real-time,realisticgraphicsimagegenerationanddisplaytechnology;multidimensionalinformationdatafusion,datacompression,andgeneratethedatabase;multiplesoundsynthesisandsoundspacetechnology;includingcommandrecognition,voicerecognition,anddetectgesturesandfacialexpressionsofin

21、formation,includingapatternrecognition;distributedandparallelcomputing,andhigh-speed,large-scaleremotenetworktechnology.,IIIVirtualrealityandnetworks,GIS,Virtualrealitytechnologynowcombinesthelatestresearchresultsinvariousdisciplines,includingtheresultsofcomputerscience,communicationnetworktechnolog

22、y,geographicinformationsystems,remotesensingscienceandotherareas.Themaincontentsofthissection:VirtualGISNetworkVirtualGISDistributedGISGeographicalsynergy,III-IVirtualGIS,Developmentofcomputerscienceandhuman-computerinterfacetechnologyingraphics,especiallythepromotionofvirtualrealitytechnologyforGIS

23、providesanewanalysisgeosciencedataandtechnologyplatformtoexploreissues,andpromotetheGIStechnologywithvirtualrealitytechnologyandvisualizationfusiontechnology,expandingthemulti-dimensionalGIS,three-dimensionalGISinparticularconnotationstudyprovidesnewspatialdataanalysismodelsandnewGISapplicationmode.

24、CurrentinternationalcallthisvirtualrealitytechnologyandscientificvisualizationtechnologydesignedmultidimensionalGISsystemcalledVirtualGISsystemVirtualGIS(VGIS).,III-IINetworkVirtualGISpresentation,CombinedwiththecurrentdirectionofthevirtualnetworkisaGISdevelopment.Combinedwithnetworktechnology,netwo

25、rkvirtualGISnotonlyforpeopletoanalyzespatialdataandspatialproblemsolvingnetworkprovidedbythetechnologyplatform,throughimmersivevirtualrealitymodelforpeopletointeractthroughvirtualgeospatialoffersthepossibility,therebyforthestudyofvirtualgeographicalenvironmentprovidesanidealplatform.,NetworkVirtualG

26、ISarchitecture,1.AGISisavirtualnetwork-basedGIS,virtualrealitysystemwiththeGISClient-linkingprovidesasimplespatialanalysisortoanalyzetheresultsofGISintovirtualrealitysystemtosupportvirtualrealitysystemdataformat,forvirtualrealitysystemstoobserve;2.AnothervirtualGISisbasedonadistributedvirtualreality

27、system,extendtheabilitytosupportspatialdatatypesinavirtualrealitysystem,providingsimplespatialanalysis.,TheoverallstructureofWEBvirtualGIS,III-IIIGISsystemarchitecturesroleinthenetworkvirtual3.3CORBA,CORBAisoneofthemainstreamcomputingplatformfordistributedobjects,CORBAplatformtobecomewidelyacceptedb

28、ythecomputerindustry,andisfullyopentothedistributednetworkplatform.CORBAisadistributedobject-baseddesignhavingscalability,security,loadbalancingandfaulttolerance,real-time,specialperformancerequirementsforthedesignofdistributedsystemsprovidearationalplatform.CORBA-basednetworkplatformtodesignvirtual

29、GIS,byreusingtheCORBAnetworkstructureandbasicnetworkservicesgreatlysimplifyvirtualdifficultyGISnetworkarchitecturedesignbasedonvirtualGISCORBAallowsthenetworktousemoreflexiblenetworkarchitecture.,CORBA-basednamingservicenetworkVGISsystemimageconceptmap,-,III-IVVGEandgeographicsynergies,VirtualGeogra

30、phicEnvironments,isanavatar-basedmulti-userdistributedintelligentthree-dimensionalvirtualenvironment,adigitalgeo-spatialphenomenaandlawsofaparticulargeographicalenvironmentwithmulti-channel-awareexpression,calculationandsimulation,integratedmanagementoftheEarthcanbeusedformulti-dimensionalinformatio

31、nandmultimediaintegratedpublishing,interactive/innovativeblendofstyleearthscienceresearch,andotherdistributedcollaborativeplanning,designanddecision-making.,Useravatar,Inthevirtualgeographicenvironments,bothuseravatarcancommunicatefacetofaceinthesamevirtuallocation.Theincarnationasanexpressionofreal

32、users,anditssourcecancontainvisual,auditoryandeventasteavarietyofinformationsources,etc.,sothattheuserhasasenseofimmersioncanbeimmersivefeelitselfisavirtualgeographicenvironmentspart.Seeingandhearingotherinformationsourcesmaybeco-workerstocommunicatewhattherealattitudesandemotions,isanimportantparto

33、fcommunicationbetweenco-workersinvirtualgeographicenvironments,andanalysisofgeographicdatainplanninganddecision-makingalsoplaysaveryimportanteffect.,ACMode,Forvirtualgeographicenvironmentisnotonlyarealgeographicalbackground,butalsotoprovideareliableplatformfortheexchangeofinformationco-workersare.To

34、thisend,weneedmoreresearchonhowtoimprovecommunicationmodesbetweenpeopleandenhancevariousexchangesavatarinvirtualgeographicenvironmentsbetween.Currently,inaccordancewiththetimelinessoftheexchangeofclassified-Non-real-timecommunication:e-mailandbulletinboardInstantcommunication:interactive,real-time,i

35、ncludingthetraditionaltwo-dimensionalscenes,three-dimensionalscene,streamingmediatechnologyandintegrationmode.,IVThemaindevelopmentofvirtualrealitytechnology,VRMLXMLX3DJava3D,VRML,XML,地理实体,X3D,JAVA3D,Inthevirtualrealitytechnology,VRML/GeoVRML,XML,X3D,GMLandJava3Dtechnologystrengthscomplementeachothe

36、r,theuseofgraphicalmodelingcapabilitiesVRML,XMLinternationalization,structured,modularfeaturesandpowerfulJavanetworkprogramminglanguage,togetherformapowerfulvirtualrealityenvironments.,IV-IVRML,In1994,thefirstsessionoftheInternationalInternetConferenceinGeneva,Switzerland,proposedtocreateathree-dime

37、nsionalnetworkinterfacetofacilitatenetworktransmissionVRML.In1995,VRML1.0versionlaunched.In1996,basedonthe1.0versionofthemajorimprovementsintroducedinversion2.0,whichaddsinteractivescenarios,multimediasupport,collisiondetection.In1997,afteranassessmentstandardsorganizations,VRML2.0becometheinternati

38、onalstandard,andrenamedtheVRML97.,VRMLsimpleexample,sphere.wrl#VRMLV2.0utf8Shape#DefinenodecontainstwopropertiesappearanceAppearance#AppearancepropertiesmaterialMaterial#material，emissiveColor100#ReflectivematerialgeometrySphere#Geometricpropertiesradius1,IV-IIXML,XMLfullnameinEnglishisExtensibleMar

39、kupLanguage,theChinesetranslationforextensiblemarkuplanguage.ItisanexchangestandardbytheW3C(WorldWideWebConsortium)thepromotionofstructuredinformation,andhasbeenwidelyused.VRMLadoptXMLastheencodingofthemainreasonsisbecausewiththeinternationalnatureofXML,structuredformatandmodularobjectsandotheradvan

40、tages.HasbeenclearlyestablishedbytheimplementationoftheXMLspecification,X3DXML-syntaxiseasytobeimplementedwithouttheneedforahugereverseengineering(reverseengineering).,XMLandGIS,WhatroledoesXMLplayinGISapplications?WecanuseXMLtodefineaquery,infactthetraditionalGISqueryisnodifferent,forexample,cansay

41、,accordingtoauser-specifiedareafloodedanalysis,andreturnstheresult,theresponsemessagemaybebasedontheresultsoftheanalysisinXMLformatthefollowinggraphic.Thedifferenceliesinthetraditionalway,geographicaldataandrequestsunifiedXMLqueriesincludedinaseparateXMLdocument,aresponsemessagealsoXMLdocuments.XMLs

42、upportforcustomtags,providesapowerfulextensionmechanism,whichinevitablymanyuniquemarkappearsGISindustry.,XML与GIS,OpenGISConsortium(OGC)launchedatimelyGISXMLtagsetGML(GeographyMarkupLanguage),anXMLapplicationinGISprovidesagoodwayofstandardization,theindustryhasbeensupportedbymanycompanies.TheuseofXML

43、,wecanachievemanyGIStasks-Browseandgenerateimages,suchasSVG,VMLandX3Dformats;Dataconversioncanbeperformed,suchasXSLT,Schemacanbeconfigured,suchasDTD,XMLSchemaandthelike;Youcanquerydata,suchasXpointerandXQL,etc.,itcanalsoberunondifferentplatforms,suchasPDA.,IV-IIIX3D,X3DfullnameisExtensible3D(X3Dearl

44、ynameiscalledVRML-NG,VRMLNextGeneration).Itisascalablenext-generation3Dgraphicsstandard,andextendedVRML97features.TheoriginofthenameistheintegrationofX3DXML(ExtensibleMarkupLanguage)andVRML(VirtualRealityModelingLanguage).X3DisVRMLsuccessor.VRML(VirtualRealityModelingLanguage-VirtualRealityModelingL

45、anguage)istheoriginalnetwork3DgraphicsISOstandard(ISO/IEC14772).,X3Dgoal,1.IncludeVRML97features.(X3DcontentcanstillusethetechniquesbrowseVRML)2.XMLintegration.(YoucanuseXMLtoshowVRML97features)ponentization.(Encapsulatedbythemagnitudeofthecore(core)technology,itcaneasilyaddnewfeatures)4.expandabili

46、ty.(Usingthecomponenttoaddnewnodesandexecutecodeinlinewiththecoretechnology)5.UsetheJavaplatformtoensureuniversal,IV-IVJAVA3D,DuetospacemodelingVRML,GML,X3Dandotherlanguagesloaderdesigndeficiencies,thereisanurgentneedforahigh-levelprogramminglanguagetoreplacetheoriginalscriptingcapabilities.Javanetw

47、orkandplatformindependenceaswellasitsstrongsupportforthethree-dimensionalgraphics,soheoccupiedanimportantpositioninthefuturedevelopmentofthemarketinthethree-dimensional.Java3Dhasputforwardanewscheme,asthemodel-basedtechnologyplatformandinputdevicesdependingonthemodel.Itnotonlyprovideshigh-levelconst

48、ructorconstructionandoperationofthe3Dgeometricobjects,andusetheseconstructorscanalsobuildanycomplexitythevirtualscene,thesevirtualscenelargecosmicobjects,smallmicroscopicparticles.,VVirtualEnvironmentModelingMethodsandTools,Thebasicprincipleistocreateavirtualenvironmentmodelingthree-dimensionalmodel

49、ingsoftwareandrealobjectsinthree-dimensionalspace,likeathree-dimensionalmodel,andthengetthepropertiesandtexturedatatomodelrealobjectrendering,simulationmodelsmadeafterthedataconversion,andfinallydriversoftwareinto3Dreal-timethree-dimensionaldynamicsimulationdemo.EnvironmentalModelingEnvironmentalmod

50、elingprocessAUTOCADand3DSMAXcombinethree-dimensionaldynamicsimulationMultigenCreatorandVegathree-dimensionalsimulation,V-IEnvironmentalModeling,Euclidean-geometryFractal-geometryPhysicallyBasedModelingImageBasedRenderingHybridModelingTechnology:PhysicallyBasedRenderingandImageBasedRendering,isthefut

51、uredirectionofthevirtualenvironmentmodeling.,V-IIEnvironmentalmodelingprocess,现实世界,数据和纹理采集,三维建模,仿真渲染,数据输出,实时驱动,景观仿真,V-IIIAUTOCADand3DSMAXcombinethree-dimensionallandscapedynamicssimulation,AutoCADand3DSMAXsoftwarearetwokindsofsoftwareinengineeringfield.AutoCADsoftwareintheconstruction,editingatwo-di

52、mensionalgraphicsfeatures,easytouse,andopen,thereareLISPAutoprogramminglanguagesupportandmanyotheradvantages.3DSMAXsoftwarehasgreatadvantagesin3Dmodeling,animationandrendering.,VRdataformatconversion,In3dsMaxVRauthoringsystemmodel,combinedwiththerequirementofVRsystem,seewhethertousesuchasLOD(levelof

53、detail)model,ifneedtouseMaxcomeswithaLODplug-indirectlygeneratetheobjectsLODmodel.Finally,accordingtotheenvironmentoftheVRsystemeditorwillthemodeloutputforeditingenvironmentthatcanbereceivedbyfiletype,suchasvrml97orDXFformatfile.,在AUTOCAD中进行精确的二维建模，生成*.dwg文件。,在3DSMAX中制作成效果图和动画输出。,处理和制作各种纹理贴图，并在3DSMA

54、X中作立体渲染。,导入3DSMAX中建立三维立体模型。,V-IVMultigenCreatorandVegadynamicsimulationofthree-dimensionallandscape,TheMultigenCreatorSoftware,developedbyMultiGen-paradigm,anAmericancompany,ithasforreal-timeapplicationoptimizationofopenflightdataformat,powerfulpolygonmodeling,vectormodeling,largeareaterrainandgener

55、ateaccuratefunction,andavarietyofprofessionaloptionsandplugins,cangeneratereal-timethree-dimensional(RT3D)database,andoptimization,andcloselycombinedwiththesubsequentreal-timesimulationsoftwareinthevisualsimulation,simulationtraining,urbansimulation,interactivegamesandengineeringapplications,thescie

56、ntificvisualizationreal-timesimulationfieldhasaworldleadingposition.,AUTOCAD和3DSMAX结合进行三维建模，生成*.3ds文件。维建模，生成*.dwg文件。,导入MultigenParadigmCREATOR中对三维立体模型进行纹理贴图和渲染，并输出为OPENFLIGHT文件（*.flt）。,把OpenFlitht文件导入MultigenParadigmVEGA中对三维立体模型进行实时动态驱动，实现漫游和动画输出功能。,Moreprofessionalmodelingtoolsandprofessionalmodule

57、s,BundleTerrain(largeareaaccurate3Dterrainfunctionintegration,needProCreatormodule);RoadTools（Standardroadgenerationtool，andBaseCreator、CreatorProCouldbind）。,Paradigm-Vega,Efficienttoolsforbuildingadvancedreal-timesimulationVEGAisaleadingsoftwareenvironmentforthedevelopmentofreal-timevisualandaudito

58、rysimulation,virtualrealityandgeneralvideoapplications.Vegaincludinglynxgraphicalenvironments,asetcanprovidethefullsoftwarecontrolandmaximumflexibilityandcompleteapplicationprogramminginterfaceandaseriesofrelateddatabaseandAudioWorks2real-timemultichannelaudiosystem.VegaandtheoptionalmodulecanruninW

59、indowsNToperatingsystemandSGIIRIXoperatingsystem,andsupportsavarietyofdatabaseloader,FlightOpenformatandAPIs,FlightOpenisthemostpopularstandardfileformatinthefieldofvisualsimulationforMultigendevelopment.Openflightusinggeometrichierarchyandnodeattributestodescribethethree-dimensionalobjects,allowstheusertooperatedirectlyonthehierarchicalstructureandnodeandguaranteefromthelargedatabasetoprecisecontrolofobjectsofasinglevertex.Logichierarchicalstructureandlevelofdetail,theinterceptionofthegroup,renderingpriority,separationsurface