英语直接引语和间接引语PPT课件

1、Direct speech ,直接引语,用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _。,间接引语,直接引语通常都用_括起来，,引号“ ”,直接引语变为间接引语 就是写成,宾语从句,Direct Speech直接引语,Indirect Speech间接引语,She said, “I like singing. ” She said, “I am waiting for a bus.” She said, “I visited Europe last year.”,She said she liked singing.,She said she was waiting for a bus.,She sai

2、d she had visited Europe the year before.,直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用that引导宾语从句.用say(to me),tell, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel引述。连词that只起连接作用，不做句子成分，也无词汇意义，常被省略。从句中的人称、时态、等相应变化.,、人称的变化,一 随 主,二随宾,第三 人称 不变,引号内的第一人 称变间接引后与主 句主语的人称保 持一致,引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致,引号内的第三人 称在变间引后人 称

3、不变,She said,“ I like Tennis.”,She said that she liked tennis.,He said toLily, “ you must get up early.”,He told Lily that she must get up early.,She said to me ,“ They want to help him.”,She told me that they wanted to help him.,一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新,直接引语,间接引语,一般现在时,任何时态,现在进行时,过去进行时,一般过去时,过去完成时,现在完成时,过去完成

4、时,一般将来时,过去将来时,The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.”,The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.,注: 直引若是客观真理,变为间引时,时态不变.,时态变化,2,宾语从句的时态 1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如： He tells me that his sister came back yesterday. 2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、

5、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。 The children didnt know who he was. 3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时 间 状 语,地点状语,方向性动词,this, these,that, those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the

6、day before,last week,the week before,tomorrow,the next/following day,next month,the next/ following month,here,there,come, bring,go, take,情态动词,can, may, must,could,might,had to,解题步骤:,1.陈述句,“I dont like computers,” Sandy said to her friends.,Sandy said to her friends,that,said,didnt,she,Sandy said to

7、 her friends that she didnt like computers.,1“I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat. 2. “I have found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet. 3. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and

8、 _ down in the west. 4. “You must come here before five.” he said. 5. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” 6. “Im glad to get your e-mail.” He said to me .,直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变为陈述语序。用ask引述，直接引语是一般疑问句,用if 或 whether 连接“是否”Whether,if 在从句中不做成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。 在介词之后用whether.：Everything depends on

9、whether we have enough money。 在具有选择意义，与or not连用时，往往用whether例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.,2.一般疑问句: Is it easy to work out the problem? ( They asked him ),They asked him,if,It is easy to work out the problem.,it is easy to work out the problem.,asked,is,was,They asked him if i

10、t was easy to work out the problem.,直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。 由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which, 和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。 宾语从句的语序，无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，,3.特殊疑问句： When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They asked him ),They asked him,when,you

11、 harvest the wheat,you harvest the wheat.,he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,1. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked _ _ knew where she _. 2. “Are you interested in this?” he said. He _ _ I was interested in _ 3.Do you go to school on foot? I said to Mike. 4.Is you

12、r mother a worker? She asked me. 5.Does Mary study hard? He wants to know. 6. He asked, “How do you find it, mother?” He asked her mother _ _ _ it. 7.“Where are you these days?” he asked. He asked me _ _ _these days.,直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order , advise等动词的宾语。 注意：否定句，在动词不定式

13、前加not或never.,Direct Speech,Indirect Speech,The policeman ordered us to be quiet.,The policeman ordered:“Be quiet.”,The teacher told the boy to open the window,The teacher said to the boy ,”Open the window .”,宾语从句与简单句的交换 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如 果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人 时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。 例He didnt know

14、where he would live. He didnt know where to live.,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day,Exercise II,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through

15、 the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week,4. The

16、man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he wouldthe next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heard