高中祈使句总结版

1、一. 祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加, 上please，以使句, 子的语气更加缓和, 或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。例如：Keep off the grass!勿踩草地！Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。二. 祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：1. 行为动词原形其他成分。例如：Make sentenc

2、es after the model.根据例句造句。2. Be动词其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）。例如：Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。3. Let, 宾语动词原, 形, 其他, 成分, 。例如：Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。三. 祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Dont或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dont，构成“Dont行为动词原形其他成分”。例如：Dont say that again!别再那样说了！2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont，

3、构成“Dont be其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）”。例如：Dont be careless.不要粗心。注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：（1）Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Dont，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。（2）如果以Lets开头的祈使句，必须在Lets后加not。例如：Dont let me go with her tomorrow. Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。Lets not tell

4、 her the truth whenever we meet her.无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。4. 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No名词/V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。例如：NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照！四. 祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种式：1. 祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用wont you。例如：Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信，好吗？Come to have dinner

5、with us this evening, wont you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？2. 祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如：Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Lets用shall we外，其他均用will you。例如：Let the boy go first, will you?让个那男孩先走，好吗？Lets take a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？五. 祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将

6、来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是“形式一致”，即Yes与will保持一致；No与wont保持一致。二是“意思相反”，即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如：- Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。六. 祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时

7、，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。例如：Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。Hurry up, or well be late.快点，否则我们要迟到了。七. 祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.如果他明天来这儿的话

8、，叫他给我来个电话。八. 祈使句的强调形式祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do（Do在句中无意义）。例如：Do shut up!快住口！九. 特殊形式的祈使句在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：More water and the young trees couldnt have died. If you had given them more water, the young trees couldnt have died.如果你给那些小树多浇

9、点水，他们就不会死了。_ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check析：如果空白处选填B（Check）项，则视为祈使句，但后一分句前没有并列连接词and连接；如选A或D项（分词或不定式），句中逻辑主语some spelling mistakes又不能执行这个动作，故均不符合句子结构。因此，只有C项（条件状语从句）符合句子结构及句意。一、考查祈使句的一般形式。其特点是句首用动词原形，句前或句后可加pl

10、ease以使语气更加客气。考例_ at the door before entering, please.A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock二、考查“祈使句+and/then+陈述句”结构。该结构相当于一个if引导的肯定的条件状语从句。如：Work hard，and/then youll be successful in time.(=If you work hard, youll be successful in time.)考例_ straight on and youll see a church. You wont miss it.

11、A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going三、考查“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构。该结构相当于一个if引导的否定的条件状语从句。如：Hurry up，or youll miss the bus.(=If you dont hurry up, youll miss the bus.)考例Start out right away, _ youll miss the first train. A. and B. but C. or D. while考例Lets keep to the point or we _ any decision.A. will neve

12、r reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached四、考查“祈使句+.+陈述句”结构。该结构中，“.”相当于原因连词as/for或并列连词and。考例Mary, _ here everybody else, stay where you are. A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming考例_ some of this juice- perhaps youll like it. A. Trying B. To try C. Have tried D. Try考例_ down the rad

13、io- the babys asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn五、查考“名词词组+and+陈述句”结构。该结构中，名词词组相当于一个省略动词的祈使句。如：One more word， and Ill turn you out of the room.(=Say one more word, and Ill turn you out of the room.)考例_ and Ill get the work finished. A. Have one more hour B. One more hour

14、 C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour这个祈使句相当于一个if从句,而陈述句要用一般将来时。所以这句话可以改成If you leave it with me, Ill see what I can do.这样,若原题干中去掉and, 则C为正确答案。再如:Use your head and youll find a way.=If you use your head, youll find a way.Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.当然

15、,这个句式的and有时可用-代替,如第3题;而祈使句有时也可用名词短语代替。如:One more week, and we will accomplish the task.One more effort, and you will succeed.六、考查祈使句的附加疑问形式。祈使句无论是肯定形式还是否定形式，其附加疑问形式多用will you；若用Lets.时，须用shall we；用Let us/me时，须用will you。考例 We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter,_? A. do you B. can we

16、C. will you D. shall we考例 Alice, you feed the bird today,_? But I fed it yesterday. A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you考例 Dont smoke in the meeting room,_? A. do you B. will you C. can you D. would you考例 Its a fine day. Lets go fishing,_? A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we七、考查祈使

17、句的应答方式。对祈使句的应答无固定模式，应根据英语习惯具体对待。其实动词表示的动作往往是尚未发生的动作，肯定回答常用I will，表示愿意接受请求或命令；否定回答常用I wont。但是回答let型祈使句，常可用All right./OK./Yes, lets./A good idea.等表示赞同；用sorry./Im afraid.等表示不赞成。如：考例Write to me when you get home. _ A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can考例 Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomor

18、row. _ A. No. I dont. B. No. I wont. C. No. I cant. D. No. I havent.八、考查祈使句的否定形式。考例 There are eight tips in Dr. Rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is:_ to bed early unless you think it is necessary. A. doesnt go B. not to go C. not going D. dont go九、考查在特定语境中对祈使句的识别。 1、祈使句中谓语动词与分词、不定式作状语的选择。考例W

19、hat should I do with the passage? _ the main idea of each paragraph. A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out 2、祈使句有时会借助于对话、冒号、破折号等形式给予提示。如：Try some of this juiceperhaps youll like it.二、 考查祈使句的附加疑问句及回答。附加疑问部分一般用will you?回答部分则用(Yes) I will. 或(No) I wont.。还有,以Lets开头的祈使句,其附加疑问句一般用shall we

20、?而以Let us开头的祈使句,其附加疑问句一般用will you?祈使句的主语通常是不表示出来的,但有时为了指明向谁提出命令和请求,或表示对比,或表示说话人发怒、厌烦等情感时,也可以表示出来。如:You, open the door! You, get out! You mind your own business!祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do （但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子）。例如： Take this seat. 坐这儿。 Do be careful. 务必小心。1. 否定结构：例如： Dont move. 不准动。Dont be late. 不要迟到。

21、2. .以let开头的祈使句Let 的反意疑问句：3. a. Lets 包括说话者。例如：Lets have another try, shall we / shant we? = Shall we have another try? 我们再试一次，如何？4. b. Let us 不包括说话者。例如： Let us have another try，will you / wont you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你让我们再试一次，好吗？ 否定结构：例如： Lets not talk of that matter. 不要谈这件事。

22、Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要让我们谈这件事。 _5. _the kids had when they experienced the first snowfall just before the New Year!AHow fun BWhat fun CHow funny DWhat a fun解析：句意：正好就在新年前降第一次雪，孩子们会获得多大的乐趣啊！对名词的感叹要用what，how是对形容词或副词的感叹，故选择B项。6. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow，and_.At

23、he other is white Banother whiteCthe other white Danother is white解析：句意：这块板子的一面应该刷成黄色，另一面刷成白色。本题考查省略结构，当and前后的两个句子结构一致时，后句可省略相同的部分。答案：C7. _and Ill get the dress cleaned for you.AHave another ten minutes BAnother ten minutesCGiven another ten minutes DIf I have another ten minutes8. 解析：考查句型“祈使句and/or

24、结果分句”。句意：再给十分钟，我会帮你洗好衣服。该句型中祈使句部分用一个名词短语来代替。A项动词“have”不恰当；C项应该是分词作为条件状语，假如题干中没有连词“and”就可以了。答案：B9. 11Hey，look at that motorbike.What a beauty!Look out！_that dustbin.Dont hurt your leg.ATo mind BMinding CBeing minded DMind解析：空格处应用动词原形，为祈使句。答案：D10. _role she played in the film！No wonder she has won an

25、Oscar.AHow interesting BHow an interesting CWhat interesting DWhat an interesting解析：句意：她在电影中扮演了一个多么有趣的角色呀。难怪她获得了奥斯卡奖。role为可数名词；“aninteresting单数名词”前面应加what 构成感叹句型。答案：D11. Will you go home tomorrow evening?No，I am going to a lecture，or at least I am planning_.Aso Bto Cit Dthat12. 解析：不定式的省略，为避免重复，将不定式后

26、的部分省去，只保留到不定式符号 to为止；全句应为：“I am planning to(go home tomorrow evening)”。答案：B1.How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！2.How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱！3.What +名词+陈述语序。例如：What noise they are making! 他们真吵！4.What +a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！5.

27、What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例：What wonderful ideas （we have）! 6.What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！7.What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为：What a clever boy!1 主语例句: 1 Beg your pardon. 2 (It)Sounds like a good idea.2谓语或谓语的一部分例句: 1(Is there)Anything I can do for you? 2(Is) Anybody here?3宾语 例句: A:W

28、here has Mr Smith gone? B:(I want)Orangy juice,please.4不定式to后省略动词例句: 1 A:Would you like to come to the paety? B:Id love to(come to the party.)2 They do not visit their parentys as much as they ought to(visit their parents).练习1.The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him _.

29、A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to2.The traditional goal of science is to discover how things are, not how they ought _.A. to B. to be C. be D. have been3.-Did you work in the lab every afternoon? -No, but sometimes, I wish I _.A. had time to B. had time to do C. have time to D. have t

30、ime4.-I hope the children wont touch the dog. -Ive warned them _.A. not B. not to C. not touch D. not do 5.Some students are going to China in summer vacation, and _.A.some are to America B. some going to America C. some to America D. some America1-5ABABC6.The workers did all _ good care of the old

31、man. A. they could to take B. they could take C. which they could to take D. what they could to take7.Of all the things in the world, I think life and love are _.A.very much precious B. more than precious C. the preciousest D. the most precious8.The photographs of other planets taken by satellite ar

32、e clear than _.A. the earth B. those taken from the earth C. those of the earth D. of the earth9.why _? It is not very serious.A. to worry B. worry C. not worry D. you are worried10._ the road, dont forget to look both ways.A. As crossing B. While you cross C. While crossing D. Cross6-10ADBBC11.Chem

33、istry is the science of substances _ the science of energy.A. and is physics B. or is physics C. and physics D. or physics is 12. Who broke the window? - _. A. Him B. He C. He broke D. It is him13.-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. - Why _? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him

34、 B. he C. I D. me14.-How do you find your missing pen? -_.A.Quite by accident B. I found it in my drawer. C. It writes well D. It was well kept by myself.15.-You must obey every word of mine. -_ I dont.?A. How if B. What if C. Such as D. Only if16.When _, the museum will be open to the public next y

35、ear.A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed17. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see18.I wont go to his party next time. It couldnt have been _ in fact.A. any be

36、tter B. any worse C. so bad D. the best19. -Does Bill do his new job well? -_ his old job. I am afraid there is no hope for him.A. Not better than B. No better than C. Not so well as D. Not as well as20.-Leaving for Shanghai? -_.A. Soon B. Lately C. The other day D. Sooner11-15CADCB 16-20ADBBA 21.Th

37、e rent is expensive. Ive got half the space I had at home and Im paying _here.A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much22. Wait until we get a satisfactory one, will you? -I couldnt agree _, It sounds good to me.A. much B. worse C. more D. at all23.

38、Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?Not at all. _. A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be happy to24. Let me introduce myself. Im Albert. _.A.What a pleasure B. Its my pleasure C. Pleased to meet you D. Im very pleased25. Do you mind my taking this sea

39、t？ _. A. Yes, sit down B. No, of course not C. Yes, take it please D. No, you cant take it26. I usually go there by train. Why not _by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going27. Unless_ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. invit

40、ing C. being invited D. having invited28. Though_ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in29. The research is so designed that once _nothing can be done to change it.begins B having begun C. beginning D. begun 30. The man we followed sudde

41、nly stopped and looked as if_ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see21-25DCDCB 26-30DACDD31. _, he doesnt want to go to school and keep in touch with the bad boys. A. As he is a student B. He is as student C. Student as he is D. As students he

42、 is32. The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? _.A. I guess not so B. I dont guess C. I dont guess so D. I guess not33. In a way, I think we both won: I the game, but cousin Ed my _. A.friendship B. respect C. support D. favor34. I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What sho

43、uld I do? Dont speak until _. A. speakingB. spoken to C. spokenD. speaking to 35. How are you getting on with your work? Oh, Im sorry. Things arent going so well as _.A. plans B. planning C. planned D. to plan36. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, _, refusing them when they turn to him.A.

44、if neverB. if everC. if notD. if any 37. While _ holding talks with President Hu Jintao, US President George W. Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks. A. he is B. he was C./ D. B or C 38. You should have thanked her before you left. I meant _, but when I was leaving I coul

45、dnt find her anywhere A. to thank B. to C. / D. thanking 39. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced40. I wonder why you wont do it as _. Its the third time you have done so. A. told to B. be told C. told you D. y

46、ou told 31-35CDABC 36-40CDBBA41. He is rather difficult to make friends with, but his friendship, _ is more true than any other. A. once gained B. when to gain C. after is gained D. while gaining 42. You may take them all home _. A. if possible B. if can C. if impossible D. if you are possible 43. W

47、ater, _ enough, can change into vapor quickly A. when heated B. while heating C. when to be heated D. when is heated 44. Should I look up each word that I dont understand? No, turn to your dictionary only when _.A. you are necessary B. you need C. necessary D. you are needed答案： 41-45AAAC 人们常用一些形容词、副

48、词、否定词等词汇手段来加强语气。1形容词very 放在the, this, that 或代词所有格my, his等后面, 强调后边所修饰的名词。 You are the very person I want to chat with. 你就是我要聊天的那个人。 He is the very picture of his father. 他活像他父亲。 At that very moment the policemen came. 就在那时警察到了。 2副词just 放在the, this, that 或代词所有格my, his等前面，强调the, this, that，my, his所修饰的名

49、词。 This is just the book I am looking for. 这就是我在寻找的书。 He is just the right person for the job. 他就是适合做这份工作的人。3用whatever, whenever, wherever 等分别加强what, when, where等词的语气。 What is left over is yours. 剩下来的是你的。 - Whatever is left over is yours. 剩下来所有的都是你的。 When did you find time to do it 你什么时候有空做这事？ - Whe

50、never did you find time to do it 你究竟什么时候有空做这事？ Where are you going 你到哪里去？ - Wherever are you going 你究竟到哪里去？ Who can that be 那会是谁呢？Whoever can that be 那究竟会是谁呢？n 4副词possibly 用于否定句或疑问句情态动词cancould后，加强否定或疑问的语气，有“无论如何, 不管怎样”的意思。 We cannot do it. 那件事我们不能做。 - We cannot possibly do it. 那件事我们无论如何也不能做。 He can

51、t forget it. 他不会忘记此事。 - He cant possibly forget it. 他无论如何也不会忘记此事。 Could he agree 他会同意吗？n Could he possibly agree 难道他会同意吗？5副词simply 用于加强语气，表示“真正，的确，非常，简直，完全”等意思。 It is beautiful. 这很美。 - It is simply beautiful. 这的确是美。 I cant go such stupid behavior. 我不能接受如此愚蠢的行为。I simply cant go such stupid behavior.

52、对这种愚蠢的行为我实在忍受不了。 6副词out, up, over 等加强语气。 副词out 放在介词短语的前面, 指“较远”的地方，如郊区或远方农村等。 I am living in the country. 我住在乡下。 - I am living out in the country. 我住在乡下。 We will sail to the island. 我们将出海前往该岛。 -We will sail out to the island. 我们将出海远航，前往该岛。 副词up 经常与go ,run, walk, come等动词连用，由远及近地“从某处来”，“到某处去”。 A stran

53、ger came to me and asked the way. 一个陌生人向我走来问路。 - A stranger came up to me and asked the way. 一个陌生人走到我跟前来问路。 Please bring the things to my office. 请把这些东西拿到我办公室来。 - Please bring the things up to my office. 请把这些东西拿到我办公室来。 副词over经常与go, run, walk, come等动词连用，强调跨越一段距离。 I will go to his office and have a talk with him. 我要去他办公室和他谈谈。I will go over to his office and ha