Toni-Morrison-托尼莫里斯

1、Part I. Biography,Part II. Major Works and Awards,Part IV. A Brief Analysis of Beloved,Part III. Writing Features,A Brief Introduction of,Toni Morrison,Part I. Biograph of Toni Morrison,Toni Morrison (1931 ),1931,1949,1953,1955,1957,1958,1964,1970,1973,1977,1987,1993,1996,Toni Morrisons Time Table,T

2、oni Morrison,born February 18, 1931 in Lorain, Ohio grandfather was born a slave her family lost their land and were forced to work in the mines and mills of the industrialized North,Lorain, Ohio,1949-1955,attended Howard University in 1949 received a B.A. (Bachelor of Arts) In English from Howard i

3、n 1953 earned a Master of Arts degree from Cornell University in 1955, became an English instructor at Texas Southern University after graduation in 1955. returned to Howard to teach English in 1957. became a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority.,1955-1957, got married in 1958 got divorced in 1964 a

4、nd moved to New York, working as an editor. began her writing career.,1964-a turning point of Morrison, became an English instructor at Texas Southern University after graduation in 1955. returned to Howard to teach English in 1957. became a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority.,1955-1957,The Bluest

5、 Eye (1970) Sula (1974) Song of Solomon (1977) Tar Baby (1981) Beloved (1987) Jazz (1992) Paradise (1999) Love (2003) A Mercy (2008),Writing Career, In 1993, Morrison was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature. “Toni Morrison, who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic inport, gives li

6、fe to an essential aspect of American reality.”,1993, The National Endowment for the Humanities selected Morrison for the Jefferson Lecture. “Time, it seems, has no future.” be honored with the 1996 National Book Foundations Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters.,1996, In 1984, she

7、 was appointed to an Albert Schweitzer chair. From 19892006, she held the Rober F.Goheen Chair at Princeton University. In June 2005, she was awarded as an honorary Doctor of Letters degree.,Later Life,Part II. Major Works and Awards,Novels,1970 The Bluest Eye 最蓝的眼睛 1973 Sula 秀拉 1977 Song of Solomon

8、 所罗门之歌 1981 Tar Baby 柏油孩子、黑宝贝 1988 Beloved 宠儿 1992 Jazz 爵士乐 1999 Paradise天堂、乐园 1993 Love 爱 2008 A Mercy恩惠,Non-fictions,Remember : The Journey to School Integration The Black Book Birth of a Nationhood What Moves at the Margin Race-ing Justice, En-gendering Power :Essays on Anita Hill, Clarence Thoma

9、s, and the Construction of Social Reality Play in the Dark : Whiteness and the Literary Imagination,Childrens literature,The Book of Mean People (2002) The Big Box (1999),Plays,Dreaming of Emmett (1986),Libretto(歌剧脚本),Margaret Garner (first performed May 2005),Other works,The Bluest Eye,A novel base

10、d on elements of Morrisons own experience, contrasts two black families: the dysfunctional(不正常的) breedloves and the healthy, loving McTeers.,Sula,Sula portrays two black women who choose different paths in life.,Song of Solomon,Flight as a Means of Escape Abandoned Women The Alienating Effects of Ra

11、cism,Tar Baby, A novel about contentions and conflicts based on learned biases and prejudices. These biases exist on a race level, gender level, and a class level.,Beloved,Morrisons best novel and won her the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction（ 普利策小说奖）.,Awards,1977 National Book Critics Circle Award for Son

12、g of Solomon 1977 American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award 1987-88 Robert F. Kennedy Book Award 1988 American Book Award for Beloved 1988 Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in Race Relations for Beloved,1988 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for Beloved 1989 MLA Commonwealth Award in Literature 1993

13、 Nobel Prize for Literature 1993 Commander of the Arts and Letters, Paris 1994 Condorcet Medal, Paris 1994 Pearl Buck Award,Awards,1994 Rhegium Julii Prize for Literature 1996 Jefferson Lecture 1996 National Book Foundations Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters 2000 National Human

14、ities Medal UUA:Frederic G. Melcher Book Award,Awards,Part III. Writing features by 唐光丽,1. Powerful fictional style 2. Provocative themes 3. Sophisticated narrative techniques 4. Poetic style,Writing features,1.Powerful fictional style In beloved, Paul D, fellow slave from Kentucky comes to live wit

15、h them. She eventually takes over the household, feeding on Sethes memories and explanations to gain strength. Beloved nearly destroyed her mother until the community of former slave women who have ostracized Sethe and Denver since the murder join together to exorcise Beloved at last.,Writing featur

16、es,2. Provocative themes A. Strong feeling of feminist consciousness and nationalism. eg, the bluest eye Sula Beloved B. Describe mainly the impression of black women who are oppressed by race and gender. eg, the protagonist of beloved Sethe,Writing features,In her novel the bluest eye and Sula, Mor

17、rison expesses his strong feeling of feminist consciousness and nationalism; meanwhile, its also reveal the distort character of black people, for example, Pecola in the bluest eye surmised that the reason she was abused at home and ridiculed at school was her black skin, which was equated with ugli

18、ness. She imagined that everything would be all right if she had blue eyes and blond hair.,Writing features,C. Integrate the past and present life of African Aericans to show the distort of colonial system, racial discrimination and dissimination of black peoples life. D. appeal to find the lost cul

19、ture and rebulid the nationalism.,Writing features,In sula,she is the pariah of her hometown With the discovery at the age of 12 that she and her friend Nel Wright were neither white nor male, and that all freedom and triumph was forbidden to them, life evolved into an unlimited experiment. Not boun

20、d by any social codes, Sula was first thought to be unusual, then outrageous, and eventually evil,Writing features,In song of solomon, Morrison expresses her nationalism .The Milkmans Macon odyssey became a kind of cultural epic for all African-American people; it mapped in symbolic fashion the heri

21、tage of a people, from a mythic African past, through a heritage obscured by slavery, to a present built upon questioned values.,Part IV. A Brief Analysis of Beloved,Background Characters and Plot Writing features Themes Reflection,Beloved,用杀死自己亲生婴儿 来拯救孩子的“疯狂” 的黑人母亲 变成鬼魂不断侵扰 亲人的黑人婴儿 致人疯狂的美国 种族主义的梦魇,

22、Gothic Story,Archetype: the true story of Margaret Garner, a fugtive slave, from The Black Book （ 黑人之书 ）. History: Beloved straddles (游离) the line between fiction and history; from an experience of a single family, she creates a powerful commentary on the psychological and historical legacy of slave

23、ry. Style: affected by such modernist masters as Faulkner or Joyce.,Background,Main Characters,1.Sethe(塞丝) the protagonist of Beloved, a proud and independent woman who is extremely devoted to her children and attempts to murder them in an act of motherly love and protection.,Main Characters,2.Denve

24、r(丹芙) Sethes youngest child, the dynamic character in the novel. She overcomes her fear of the world and starts to fight for independence and self-possession .,Main Characters,3. Paul D (保罗.D) A former slave from Sweet Home who survived the horrors of slavery and has evolved into a resourceful, cont

25、emplative man. He challenges Sethe to try to make a future with him.,Main Characters,4. Baby Suggs (贝比.萨格斯） Sethes mother-in-law. Baby becomes a preacher after Halle buys her freedom, and she provides a stabilizing force for Sethe and Denver.,Main Characters,5.Beloved(宠儿) Sethes third child and olde

26、st daughter who was killed at the age of two. Her restless spirit haunts the family first as a ghost and then as a flesh-and-blood woman.,Character Map,Character Map,Plot,Beginning: 1848, Sweet Home,“Sweet Home”,Sethe, Halle Suggs, Paul D, Paul A, Paul F, Sixo,Mr. Garner I shall not answer you ”,心理和

27、社会意识的 觉醒赋于挑战权威的力量,The awakening(觉醒)-Edna(埃德娜),平淡无奇 压抑孤寂,裸体自杀 只为涅槃重生,肉体解放 催生深沉思索,邂逅爱情 挑战权威,女性角色对比,She cast the unpleasant, pricking garment from her, and for the first time in her life she stood naked in the open air, at the mercy of the sun, the breeze that beat upon her, and the waves that invited

28、her. How strange and awful it seemed to stand naked under the sky! How delicious! She felt like some new-born creature, opening its eyes in a familiar world that it had never known. She didnt look back now, but went on and on, thinking of the blue-grass meadow that she had traversed when a little child ,believing that it had no beginning and end.,“过去的日子就像在做梦一般但愿可以沉睡不醒，醒来却发现啊，也好，或许醒来终究是比较好的，即使受苦，也总比一生都被幻象所蒙蔽来得好” （ 临死前的宣言）,觉醒的最终意义：宁可醒来 后付出生命的代价也不愿再懵懂地生活下去,Beloved (宠儿) Sethe (塞丝) 塞丝”非洲文化中的男性神，一般人身，一半鸟身。刚强毅力和自由的代表，希望与自由的化身,女性角色对比,Edna VS Sethe,background,destiny,