2012直击高考.语法专题详解---直接引语变间接引语

1、2012直击高考.语法专题详解-直接引语变间接引语,1.时态变化,1).时态需要变化的是： 2).时态不需要变化的是：,.一般现在时变一般过去时： The girl said, “Im sorry for being late for class.” The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class. .一般过去时变过去完成时： He said to me, “I met your father.” He told me that he had met my father.,1).时态需要变化的是：,.一般将来时变过去将来时：

2、She said, “He will go to see his friend.” She said he would go to see his friend. .现在完成时变过去完成时： She said. “I have lost a pen.” She said that she had lost a pen .现在进行时变过去进行时： She said to me, “Im studying Japanese these days.” She told me that she was studying Japanese those days.,2).时态不需要变化的是：,a. 直接引

3、语中是： .客观真理： “The earth goes around the sun.” said the teacher. The teacher said the earth goes around the sun. .有具体的过去年月日： Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 21,1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.,.过去完成时： She said, “They had left when I arrived there.” She said they had left when

4、she arrived there. .过去进行时： Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.,.情态动词没有过去时的形式（ought to, had better, used to)或已经是过去时的形式时 (could, should, would, might)： Peter said. “You had better come have today.” Pete

5、r said I had better go there that day. He said , “I could swim when I was only six.” He said that he could swim when he was only six.,.一般现在时(表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作)： He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning. .一般现在时(表示所述事实在当时和目前同样生效)： He said, “Im a boy, not a girl.”

6、 He said that he is a boy, not a girl.,b. 主句时态(引号外句子)是： .一般现在时。如： He says, “I have finished my homework.” He says that he has finished his homework. .一般将来时。如： She will say, “Ill do it tomorrow.” She will say that shell do it the next day.,2.人称变化,(一般遵循这句顺口溜 “一随主，二随宾，第三人称无变化”),1).“一随主”是指引号内的主语人称是第一人称或

7、被第一人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称要变成引号外的主语人称。如： .They said, “We will go there by bus.” They said they would go there by bus. .She said “My sister wants to go with me.” She said (that) her sister wanted to go with her.,2).“二随宾”是指引号内的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称要变成引号外的宾语人称。如果引号外没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。如： .She said to me, “Are

8、you interested in science?” She asked me if I was interested in science. .He said to Kate. How is your sister now? He asked Kate how her sister was then. .She said, “Your pronunciation is better than his.” She told me that my pronunciation was better than his.,3).“第三人称不用变”是指引号内的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，变间

9、接引语时，人称一般不需要变化。如： .His mother said to me, “He cant go to school.” His mother told me that he couldnt go to school. .Mr Smith said, Jacks brother is a good worker. Mr Smith said Jacks brother was a good worker.,3.指示代词变化,1).this - that He said, “I want this.” He said that he wanted that. 2).these - th

10、ose He said, These books are mine. He said that those books were his.,(如果转述发生在当天、当地的事，引语中的(come, here, today, this morning, yesterday,tomorrow)等不必改变： Bobs wife said, “Bob, you forgot your wallet this morning.” Bobs wife told Bob that he forgot his wallet this morning.,4.时间状语变化,1).now - then He said,

11、 “I am very busy now.” He said he was very busy then. 2).today - that day Kitty said “Ill call again after supper today.” Kitty said she would call again after supper that day.,3).tonight - that night She said, “I will come here again tonight.” She said she would go there again that night. 4).this w

12、eek (month, etc) - that week (month, etc) “I will take the dictionary home with me this week,” he said. He said that he would take the dictionary home with him that week. 5).yesterday - the day before He said, “I bought a bike yesteray.” He said that he had bought a bike the day before.,6).yestersay

13、 morning - the morning before He said, “I arrived yesterday morning.” He said he had arrived the morning before. 7).the day before yesterday - two days before He said, “I saw a film the day before yesteray.” He said that he had seen a film two days before. 8).last week (month, etc) - the week (month

14、, etc) before She said, “He left for Shanghai last week.” She said that he had left for Shanghai the week before.,9).tomorrow - the next (following) day She said, “Ill do it tomorrow.” She said that she would do it the next day. 10).tomorrow morning - the next (following) morning She said , “My sist

15、er will be back tomorrow morning.” She said that her sister would be back the next morning. 11).the day after tomorrow - in two days time She said to me, “I will visit Shanghai the day after tomorrow.” She told me that she would visit Shanghai in two days time.,12).next week (month, etc) - the next

16、(following) week (month, etc) He asked, “Where is she going next week?” He asked her where she was going the next week. 13).a/one year (two years) ago - a/one year (two years) before “What happened to her two years ago?” he asked. He asked (her) what had happened to her two years before.,5.地点状语变化,1)

17、.here - there 如： He said, “Ill come here tonight.” He said he would go there that night. 如果转述发生在当天、当地的事，引语中的here不必改变：,6.动词变化,1).bring - take He said, “I will bring the dictionary to you tonight.” He said that he would take the dictionary to me that night. 2).come - go Peter said. “You had better com

18、e here today.” Peter said I had better go there that day.,3).can - could Tom said, “I can swim across this river.” Tom said that he could swim that river. 4).may - might Mary said to Jim, “You may go home now.” Mary told Jim that he might go home then.,5).must - had to (would have to) 如： “You must stay in bed for a few days