U1Languagepoints（优秀课件）

1、New phrases,第三大州 用方法，借助 决不，一点也不 此外，除之外还有 与斗争，与打架 赢得独立 在安顿下来，定居 习惯新的生活方式，谋生 保持，继续，鼓起,the third largest state by means of by no means in addition (to) fight against gain ones independence settle in sp make a life keep up,1. diversity = variety 多样性、变化 a diversity of vegetables diversify vt. 使多样性，使不同 di

2、versify ones skills / interests We should diversify the syllabus (教学大纲）to attract more students. A company should diversify.,2. illustrate vt. 说明、阐明（用图示、实例等） The lecturer illustrated the theory with examples. Please illustrate how to use the machine. illustration n. 实例 by way of illustration 以实例说明,3

3、.California is the third largest state in the 序数词可以修饰形容词的最高级 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 可以修饰形容词最高级的词：far / by far /much可以修饰比较级的词：no / a little / a bit / any / slightly/by far Youre standing too near the camera . Can you move _? A a bit far B a little farther C a bit of fa

4、rther D a little far,4. population un / cn. 人口 The population of China_ large. And 70% of the population of China_ peasants. 表示整体人口时谓语动词用单数，表示部分人口时谓语动词用复数。 而形容人口的多少通常用large / small.,is,are,对人口的多少进行疑问时，可用 Whats the population of .? Whats the population of Guangdong? have a population of . 有多少人口 China

5、 has a population of 1.3 billion. an increase / growth in population 人口,5. multi- “多、多方面、多方向” multi-colored 多色的 multi-racial多民族的 multi-media 多媒体 multiparty多党制的,6. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The custom

6、s and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.,加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化特质的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。,having attracted people from all over the world 是现在分词的完成时作state的定语， 其作用相当于一个定语从句which has attracted people from all over the world. live on 继续生活或存在。如： Picasso is dead but

7、his paintings live on. 毕加索人已作古，但他的画却完事流传。,7. When the first people arrived in what we now know as California,宾语从句 = the place that we now know as California. 定语从句 George Washington was born in _ is now the state of Virginia. which B. where C. that D. what = George Washington was born in the place th

8、at is now the state of Virginia.,D,1) Pudong Development Zone is no longer a rural area _ it used to be. 2) Pudong Development Zone is no longer _ it used to be. A. what B. where C. that D. there,C,A,定语从句, 先行词是area, that作关系代词,表语从句,8. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in Califor

9、nia at least fifteen thousand years ago.,It is likely/possible/probable that sb/sth is likely to do sth 某人/物有可能做某事,注意: likely 比较级为 likelier, 最高级为 likeliest,e.g. She is _to succeed. 她有可能会成功. = It is likely that she will succeed.,likely,This is a _story. 这是一个有可能发生的故事.,likely,辨析: likely, possible, prob

10、able 按可能性程度, probable可能性最大, 其次为 likely, 最小为possible. 但需要注意的是, likely的主语可以是人, 但possible, probable却只能用形式主语it.,9. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.,by means of : by using 依靠、凭借 那个囚犯从秘密通

11、道逃走了。 The prisoner escaped by means of a secret tunnel. 思想可以凭借音乐的形式来表现。 Thoughts can be expressed by means of music.,means : All possible means have been tried. Every possible means has been tried. The quickest means of travel is by air. by all means 无论如何、当然可以 by no means 一点也不、绝不 We can succeed _(通过

12、)hard work. You can get there _ (乘坐多种交通工具).,by means of,by many means of transport,10. In the 16th century, after the arrival of Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. 在16世纪, 欧洲人到来之后, 当地人陷入了极大的苦难。,vi. 受痛苦；受损害 vt. 遭受；忍受,suffer,辨析：suffer与suffer from suffer (vt.) 和suffer from的区别：suffer 指一般的损害、痛

13、苦等等, 其宾语为pain, loss, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback (挫折)，但suffer from表示遭受战争，自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。,suffer the result /heavy losses /injuries承受结果/遭受大损失/负伤 suffer from headache/illness/war/the flood 遭受头痛/疾病的困扰/战争洪水,11. force into 强迫成为、做、进入 They

14、forced him into signing (to sign) the paper. He forced his feet into his shoes. She was forced into crime by circumstances. 她为境遇所迫而犯罪。 The fellow forced his way into my home. 那家伙强行闯入我家。,12. In addition, many died from the disease brought by the Europeans.,in addition to: 除此之外, 另外, 加之,e.g. I met my p

15、ast teacher and some former classmates _ in the supermarket. 我在超市里遇见了我以前的老师, 还有些同班同学.,in addition,_cakes and candies, guests were also provided with fruits. 除了有蛋糕和糖果, 还给客人们准备了水果.,In addition to,辨析：die from, die of die of 死于疾病、饥饿, 多指内部原因。 die from 常用死于创伤、交通事故, 多指外部未知原因。,die of cancer/hunger/sorrow/th

16、irst/old age 死于癌症饥饿悲痛干旱衰老 die from a wound/overwork/an unknown cause 死于外伤过度劳累不明原因 Many of them died of starvation. The soldier died from a wound in the breast.,Some die of hunger, but some _ eating too much. A. die from B. from C. X D. of,brought by Europeans 为过去分词作定语,相当于which were brought by Europe

17、ans, 注意单个分词作定语放在所修饰的词前面, 分词短语作定语需放在所修饰的词之后.,English is a _ language. 英语是一种被广泛使用的语言.,widely used,This is one of the schools _ in 1980s. 这是八十年代所建的学校之一.,built,13. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.,to cont

18、inue to live or exist in spite of a dangerous event or time. 幸免, 幸免于难 e.g. Only 12 of the 140 passengers _ 在140名乘客中只有12人幸免于难.,survive,survived,living in California 为现在分词短语作定语,相当于定语从句who live in California. 现在分词一般表示经常性的动作或现在的状态,也可以表示动作现在正在发生或者与谓语动词所表示的的动作同时发生.,e.g. There are three types of tiger livi

19、ng in China (that live in China). 目前中国有三种虎. The picture hanging (that is hanging) on the wall is painted by my nephew. 墙上挂着的那幅画是我侄儿画的.,14. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. 16世纪早期, 西班牙士兵到达南美洲, 这时

20、同土著人作斗争并占领这片土地。,fight for “为事业, 自由, 真理, 权利等而斗争(战斗)” fight against (可用with) the enemy “为反对而斗争”；接人和国家名词， 意思是“与战斗”。,辨析: fight against, fight for与fight with,fight with sb. 也可表示与某人并肩作战 fight a war/ battle 打一场战争 They are fighting for freedom. 他们正为自由而战。,15. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the maj

21、ority were religious men . 在第一批来到加利福尼亚的西班牙人中大多数是来向土著人传授天主教教义的传道士。,1) 句中Spanish前面有序数词限定成分，故其后用不定式定语形式。 She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.,the /a majority (of) 大多数、大部分 The / A majority of the country speak (s) English. The / A majority of students were/was against the policy. The majority

22、 is / are always able to impose (强加）its/ their will on the minority.,majority n. 大多数 The majority_ for the budget. The majority of students _ hard-working. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair. 单独做主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数， 强调个体时，谓语动词用复数 。 minority 少数,was / were,are/ is,is,be in (the /a) majority 占多数

23、、过半数 1).Those who are for the proposal _. in the majority B. are the majority C. are in the majority D. is in the majority 2).The number of students in our class _63 and the majority of them _ clever and work hard. is; is B. are; are C. is ; are D. are; is 3) Young people were in the majority at the

24、 meeting. (Translate),16. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state.,influence n. 影响力,作用,有影响的人或物,e.g. Claudes work had _ on generations of musicians. 克劳德的作品对几代音乐家都产生过重要影响. Her mother said that I was _ on her daughter. 她母亲说我对她女儿产生了很坏的影响.,a major influence,a bad influence,17. Som

25、e died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.,1) remain的用法: remain用作不及物动词, 意为 “剩下、留下、呆在”, 相当于stay。如: When the others had gone, Joan remained (=stayed) to clean the room. 别人走了, 琼留下来清扫房间。 stay通常指在某地呆一段时间而不离开, 或暂时住在某地, 尤指宾客逗留, 而remain指别人已

26、经走了, 而某人仍在原地。,注意: “呆在那里”可以说remain / stay there, 但“呆在家里”只能说stay (at) home。 remain作连系动词, 意为 “一直保持, 仍然处于某种状态中”, 后可接多种成分作表语。,注意: remain 作名词时, 表示“剩余物”, 一般用其复数形式。如: The remains of a meal can be given to a pig. 残汤剩饭可以喂猪。 They found some remains of the Tang Dynasty. 他们发现一些唐代遗物。, remaining 是形容词, 意为“剩余的”,常作前置

27、定语; 而left则只能作后置定语。如: There are only 5 books left. 只剩下五本书了。 He bought me a gift with the remaining money. 他用剩余的钱给我买了一件礼物。,Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen,2) make a life 开始新的生活 They go to

28、big cities to make a life. 他们去大城市开始新的生活。 关于life的短语： earn/make/get a living 谋生 lead/live a .life 过着.的生活,18. By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society. 到1850年加利福尼亚选举成为美国的第31个州为止，她已经成为一个多元文化的社会。,“by the time + 从句”

29、作时间状语， 若从句用一般过去时, 主句常用过去完成时; 若从句用一般现在时, 主句就用将来完成时。 By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learnt maths all by himself.,elect vt. 1. 选举; 推选 They elected Tom as their representative. 他们选举汤姆作为他们的代表。 We elected our monitor by a show of hands. 我们举手选举了班长。 2. 选择, 决定 +to-v,19. .it was the building of

30、 the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s . ., 但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东部海岸的铁路而来到加利福尼亚的。,本句用了强调句It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。 此结构强调的成分仅限于主语, 宾语和状语。 原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.,强调主语： It

31、 was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.,强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when) 强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday

32、 evening.,练习：,1) It was last night _ I see the comet. A. the time B. when C. that D. which,强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 “who”，其余用that。,2). It is ten years _ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. that B. when C. since D. as,考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. 其实本句不是强调句。若

33、是, 去掉It be that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 “It isthat”, 只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。,20. a large percentage have chosen= a large percentage of Chinese-Americans have chosen . 1). A large percentage of population live in big cities. 2). 这宾馆很大比例的收入来自于游览这湖的游客。 A large percentage of t

34、he hotels income comes from the visitors to the lake. 3). Only a small percentage of students are foreigners. percent (用在数词后）（其余都用percentage),The result is expressed _ (以百分比). _ (比例越来越大) of the population own their own houses. _ (大部分) people came. _ (百分之五十的学生) came form workers family.,as a percenta

35、ge,An increasing percentage,A large percentage of,50 percent of students,21. establish a town 建立城镇 establish a new business 开创新事业 establish friendly relations with建立友好关系 establish that he was right.证明他是对的。,22. which today still keeps up their Danish culture.,保持；坚持 The manager asked the workers to ke

36、ep up the work. 经理要求工人们继续干活。 继续；持续 The rain kept up for two days and the roads were flooded. 雨持续下了两天，路面积水成灾。,23. In more recent decades, California has become home to people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians Vietnamese and Laotians. 最近几十年, 加利福尼亚成了亚洲人的家乡, 其中包括柬埔寨人、朝鲜人、越南人和老挝人。,这是一个简单句。句中有in the past few years, in recent years 等时间状语时, 句子的谓语动词通常用现成完成时，如: In the past ten years, great changes have taken place in my hometown. 另外, including 是介词, 意为“包括(于之中)”。,24. immigrate vi. (to/ in