七宝中学高考英语之语法专项复习(非谓语)

1、非谓语动词,To do; to be done;to be doing; to have done; to have been done,Doing; being done; having done; ones doing Ones not doing;ones not being done,否定形式?,Doing; done; Having done; having been done;being done,主,宾,补,定,表,状,主,宾,补,定,表,壮,不定式和动名词作主语的区别,形式不同 Its very important to learn English well. Learning

2、 English well is very important. Its very important for us to learn English well. Our learning English well is very important.,How to say 他们取得这次比赛的胜利真是令人兴奋?,Its very exciting for them to win the game.,Their winning the game is very exciting.,注意不定式做主语的另一句型 Its+adj+of sb to do sth,意义不同,不定式表示某一具体的动作或将来

3、待发生的事;而动名词表示动作的一贯性,Communicating is more than listening and speaking. Living in big cities means pushing on and off buses. Come on, to refuse an invitation is impolite. To be an architect is my ambition.,要注意互相平行一致,Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. Its more important to learn English than to

4、 learn Russian. Learning English is more important than learning Russian.,作宾语的区别,绝大多数都用不定式 ,只有少数十几个动词要求接动名词,Finish; practise; enjoy; mind; delay; admit; deny; avoid; appreciate;bear; stand; understand;escape; risk; imagine; need/want/require; suggest,双重意义的动词,Remember; forget;regret;stop; mean; try;

5、consider; permit; allow; require; advise; forbid; persuade;,介词后要求接动名词 作宾语,注意区分介词to和不定式符号to. 以下为介词“to”,Come to; agree to; object to; stick to; see to; lead to; devoteto; be used to;/be accustomed to; look forward to; prefer to refer to; pay attention to; due to; be opposed to; in addition to; be clos

6、e to; get down to,动名词的常用搭配句型和短语,There is no point (in) doing/ Its no use(good)doing Be worth doing/ be worthy +of being done to be done Be worth +sth +to do,Have difficulty/trouble/a hard (good) time/fun doing but take trouble to do Be busy doing /be busy with sth Spend/waste time+ on sth (in)doing/

7、done Succeed in doing/fail to do/manage to do What about/ how about doing Keep/protect/prevent/stopfrom doing Need/want/require doing/to be done,试比较: Cant help doing/ cant help(to) do/ cant (help) but do Feel like doing/ would like to do Warn sb against doing/warn sb not to Set about doing/set out t

8、o do,常接不定式作宾语的动词,动词短语及形容词短语,Hope;wish;expect; agree; pretend; manage;offer; afford; seem; attempt; intend; decide; fail Make great efforts; go all out; set out; prefer to do; had better;would rather; be able/determined/reluctant;unwilling,带it作形式宾语的动词,take; make; think; feel; consider; find,I felt it

9、 foolish of him to mistake VCD for DVD,注意: Dont you think it any good taking what he said for granted?,不定式和分词作补语的区别,感官性动词和使役动词+宾+do/doing/done,See;watch;notice;observe;hear;listen to;feel,The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(动作被动),I saw her sitting n

10、ear the window when I passed by her room.(动作主动并在进行中） I saw her sit down near the window and turn on the TV.(动作主动但已完成). 此句动词用于被动结构时,动词不定式必须要加上to, 如: She was seen to sit down near the window and turn on the TV.,使役动词have; make; let; get; keep; leave; cause send所带宾补形式各不相同,I will have the parcel delivere

11、d to the given address at once.(parcel和deliver之间为被动关系) Who did the teacher have write an article for the wall newspaper just now?(teacher和write之间为主动关系),I had my electric fan running all day long yesterday.(表动作的主动和延续) 注意:在否定句中,只有cant have.doing,Makedo/done Because the microphone is out of order, I ca

12、n hardly make myself heard. When you speak English , you should make others understand you.,It is really hard to get the old man to sign his name on the document.,Icant have you catching cold; Go and get your wet coat changed.,Keepdoing/done leave.doing/done,Newspapers keep us informed of whats happ

13、ening around us.,If left undisturbed, I could have worked out the problem. I was left waiting in the darkness.,Cause.to do,The heavy rain caused the river to rise rapidly.,常见的带不定式作补语的动词 Allow; permit; advise; forbid; want; ask; order;wish;expect;would like; persuade;force,不定式做补语的特殊结构,An army spokesm

14、an stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_ clear warnings before firing any shots. A.to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued,said reported thought Sb/sth+be+believed +to do/to have done/to have been done to be doing supposed considered found,He is said to write/ to be wri

15、ting/to have written a book.,Robert is said_abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying,不定式,分词作定语,1. Have sth to do/to be done 2. There be sth to do(主动表被动),I have a letter to write The secretary asked the boss if he ha

16、d any papers to be typed.,There are many telephones to answer in the office every day.,3. 序数词+to do He was the last to finish the work.,分词作定语(表时态和语态) Developing countries/developed countries Worrying situation/worried look The meeting to be held tomorrow held yesterday being held now,在很多情况下,不定式与分词作定

17、语相当于定语从句. 试比较:,The book to be written will focus on the development of computer science.=which will be written The book being written will be published next month. which is being written The book written by Dickens is well received by English-major students. which was written,注意(1)分词的完成式不可作定语,The fi

18、lm having been made(false) in Hong kong attracted a large audience. The film made in Hong kong attracted a large audience The film which was made.,(2) 如果两个动作并非同时发生,不能用现在分词,He told me the accident happening (false)yesterday. that happened The first European explorers visiting(false) Chian brought bac

19、k the kite to Europe. who had visited,(3)有些不及物动词的过去分词作前置定语时表示动作已发生,没有被动的意义.,His broken glasses; a fallen leaf; boiled water; developed countries,etc.,(4).不及物动词的过去分词不能作后置定语,一定要用定语从句来表示.,The boy failed in the oral exam felt discouraged.(false) who failed,改错: The tower having been repaired last year is

20、 now open to the public. The police are trying to find the man escaped the night before. Do you happen to know the girl questioned by the police now? She is red in the face. There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting held the day after tomorrow.,Repaired,which was repaire

21、d,who escaped,escaped man,being questioned,to be held/which will be held,不定式,分词作状语,不定式常用作目的，结果。如： in order to/ so as to tooto/so as to/enough to/only to 不定式还可用作原因状语说明引起主语情感变化的原因.如: Be gald to do/be reluctant/be determined/sorry/anxious/eager/prepared/delighted;etc,分词作状语常相当于对应的状语从句, 表时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、结

22、果等。如： Crossing the street, he saw a beggar sitting on the sidewalk. Caught in the rain, the boy was wet through.,Heated to a high temperature, water turns into vapour. Not having found the key to the house, he managed to go in through an open window. The panda slowly walked towards the bamboo shoots

23、, looking back from time to time on the way. He had a toothache, leaving the meal untouched.,试比较:He opened the door, only to find the ground was covered with snow.,分词作状语时,前面可以用连词或介词,如: Before cooking, she stood in front the window watching the children playing in the garden.,Unless permitted, the cl

24、erk never goes into the managers office. It is not strange to find food prices are lower than expected. When properly trained, a dog can become a police one.,分词作状语时,应注意以下几点: 分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致; 当主句中出现连词but; so; and时,不用分词短语,而用简单句; 分词短语的逻辑主语如果不是句子的主语,应用分词的独立主格结构;如: Weather permitting, we will go for

25、an outing to the seaside.,4. 分词作伴随状语时,只能用现在分词或过去分词,不能用完成形式,因为伴随状语与谓语动词是同时进行的. 5.分词作结果状语时,只能用现在分词形式,指前面整个句子,相当于which引导的非限制性的定语从句.如: The car was held up in the traffic, causing the delay. which caused,Correct the errors in the following sentences. Hidden in the cave, the pirates couldt find the diamon

26、ds. He kept silent, finding that his mother got increasingly upset with him. While addressing to a large group, your tone should be clear and loud.,4. She stayed up late, to wait for her son to get back home. 5. To see the boy crying at the gate of the cinema, Mary went forward to comfort him. 6. Ro

27、binson walked slowly back toward his cave, having looked back from time to time,full of fear. 7. European football is played in 80 countries, to make it the most popular sport in the world. 8. Being ill, she had to stay at home to look after her mother. 9. Being ill, so he didnt t come to school.,不定

28、式、分词作状语的特殊结构： Generally speaking, TV is the most important source of news. Judging from his accent, he is from Scotland. Taking all into consideration/Considering everything, your proposal is more practical than any of the others. Talking of the English Channel, do you know when it was completed? To

29、 tell you the truth, your letter has been delivered to the wrong address.,高考例证: (99) 1. _your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check 2. There are five pairs_, but Im at a loss which to buy. to be chosen B. to choose from C. t

30、o choose D. for choosing 3. -Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? -_ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting 4. A computer does only what thinking people_. Have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done,5. The lady s

31、aid she would buy a gift for her daughter with the_. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars (2000)1. _ in1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 2. The_ boy w

32、as last seen_ near the East Lake. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play 3. Tony was very unhappy for_ to the party. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited,(2001)1. The bell_ the end of the period rang,_ our h

33、eated discussion. indicating; interpreting B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted 2. I really appreciate_ to relax with you on this nice island. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time (2002(1. In order to gain a bigger share in the

34、international market, many state-run companies are striving_ their products more competitive. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made 2. Though_ money, his parents managed to send him t university. Lacked B. lacking C. lacking D. lacked in,3. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. Being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 4. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed (2003)1. The discovery of new evidence