不规则动词过去式及过去分词

1、规则动词过去式的构成,构成规则,例词,1、一般在动词原形末尾加 ed look looked play played start started 2、结尾是 e 的动词加 - d live lived hope hoped use used,3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的 重读闭音节词，先双写这 个辅音字母，再加ed,stop stopped plan planned trip tripped,4、结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“i”再加ed,study studied carry carried,轻读 /t/ ,重读/d/ ; /t/ /d/ 之后读/id/,规则动词-ed的读音,说

2、明： 1、清念 /t/ ，即 ed 在清辅音后面念 /t/ , 例：finished helped passed cooked 2、元浊 /d/ ,即 ed 在元音，浊辅音后面念 /d/ , 例：borrowed enjoyed called moved 3、/t/ /d/ 之后念 /id/ , 即 ed 在 /t/ /d/ 音后面念 /id/ 例：wanted shouted needed counted,不规则动词 过去式和过去分词,1. A - A - A型 (原形.过去式.过去分词同形). cost cost cost hit hit hit cut cut cut put put p

3、ut let let let set set set shut shut shut hurt hurt hurt read read read,花费,打,使处于,放,让,剪切,关闭,伤害,阅读,1. A - A - A型 (原形.过去式.过去分词相同). broadcast broadcast broadcast 广播 burst burst burst 爆发 cast cast cast 撒,扔,抛 split split split 撕开 spread spread spread 展开,2. A - B - A型 （现在式和过去分词同形） come came come 来 become b

4、ecame become 成为 overcome overcame overcome 克服 run ran run 跑 3. A - A - B型 （现在式和过去式同形） beat beat beaten 打,4. A - B - B型 (过去式和过去分词同形). (1) 单词末尾的字母 -d改为 -t。如： bend bent bent 使弯曲 build built built 建筑，造 lend lent lent 借出 send sent sent 送，寄 spend spent spent 花费，度过,4. A - B - B型 (过去式和过去分词同形). (2) 原形后加一个字母t

5、。 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 /burned /burned dream dreamt dreamt 做梦 /dreamed /dreamed learn learnt learnt 学习 /learned / learned mean meant meant 意思是,4. A - B - B型 (过去式和过去分词同形). (3) 原形最后一个字母改为t。如： lose lost lost 失去, 丢失 smell smelt smelt 闻到 /smelled /smelled spell spelt spelt 拼写 /spelled /spelled,4. A - B -

6、B型 (过去式和过去分词同形). (4)原形中的双e变单e。如： bleed bled bled 流血 feed fed fed 喂,饲养 meet met met 遇见 speed sped sped 快速前进 /speeded /speeded,4. A - B - B型 (过去式和过去分词同形). (5) 原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t。 feel felt felt 觉得，触摸 keep kept kept 保持，保存 sleep slept slept 睡觉 sweep swept swept 扫,扫除 weep wept wept 哭泣,流泪,4. A - B - B

7、型 (过去式和过去分词同形). (6) 过去式和过去分词都以aught结尾的动词。 catch caught caught 抓住，赶上 teach taught taught 教 注意：原形中有字母a的为 aught,4. A - B - B型 (过去式和过去分词同形). (7) 过去式和过去分词都以 ought结尾的动词。如： bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 fight fought fought 打架 seek sought sought 探寻 think thought thought 想,认为 注意：原形中没有a字母的改为-ou

8、ght,4. A - B - B型 (过去式和过去分词同形). (8) -ay -aid -aid pay paid paid 付钱 say said said 说，讲 lay laid laid 放置，下蛋 注意区别 lie lied lied 说谎 lie lay lain 躺下,位于 lay laid laid 放置，下蛋,4. A - B - B型 (过去式和过去分词同形). (9) 原形中的字母i改为o。 win won won 赢，胜利 shine shone shone 照耀, 发光 /shined /shined,4. A - B - B型 (过去式和过去分词同形). (10)

9、 原形中的字母i改为a。 sit sat sat 坐 spit spat spat 吐痰,4. A - B - B型 (过去式和过去分词同形). (11) 原形中的an变为oo。 stand stood stood 站,忍受 understand understood understood 明白 misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood 误会,4. A - B - B型 (过去式和过去分词同形). (12) -ell -old sell sold sold 卖,出售 tell told told 告诉 retell retold retold 复述,重

10、讲,4. A - B - B型 (过去式和过去分词同形). (13) 原形中间的元音字母变成u。 dig dug dug 挖，掘 stick stuck stuck 粘住,坚持 swing swung swung 摆动,舞动, hang hung hung 悬挂 区别： hang hanged hanged 吊死,4. A - B - B型 (过去式和过去分词同形). (14) 其他的变化形式。 find found found 发现 flee fled fled 逃跑 get got got 得到,到达 have had had 有,吃 hear heard heard 听见 hold he

11、ld held 握住,举行 lead led led 带领,4. A - B - B型 (过去式和过去分词同形). (14) 其他的变化形式。 leave left left 离开，遗留 light lit/lighted lit/lighted 点燃,点亮 make made made 制造，使 shoot shot shot 射击,发射 slide slid slid 滑行, 滑动 strike struck struck/stricken 侵袭wind wound wound 蜿蜒,弯曲,5. A - B - c型 (原型，过去式和过去分词各不相同). (1) i a u begin b

12、egan begun 开始，着手 drink drank drunk 喝，饮 ring rang rung 响铃,打电话 sing sang sung 唱歌 sink sank sunk 下沉，消沉 swim swam swum 游泳,5. A - B - c型 (原型，过去式和过去分词各不相同). (2) -ow -ew -own blow blew blown 吹,刮风 grow grew grown 成长,种植 know knew known 知道,认识 throw threw thrown 投, 扔 draw drew drawn 绘画，拖 为便于记忆： fly flew flown

13、飞,飘,5. A - B - c型 (原型，过去式和过去分词各不相同). (3) -ear -ore -orn bear bore born/borne 生育, 忍受 tear tore torn 撕开 wear wore worn 穿,戴,5. A - B - c型 (原型，过去式和过去分词各不相同). (4)过去分词是在原形词尾加-n或-en arise arose arisen 升起,出现 rise rose risen 上升,上涨 be was/were been 是 drive drove driven 驾驶,驱赶 give gave given 给,付出 forgive forga

14、ve forgiven 原谅 eat ate eaten 吃,(4)过去分词是在原形词尾加-n或-en fall fell fallen 落下，倒 see saw seen 看见 forsee forsaw forseen 预见 shave shaved shaven/shaved 刮 show showed shown/showed 显示 sow sowed sown/sowed 播种 sew sewed sewn/sewed 缝补 take took taken 拿走,花费mistake mistook mistaken 弄错 shake shook shaken 动摇,5. A - B

15、- c型 (原型，过去式和过去分词各不相同). (4)特殊形式： bite bit bitten 咬，叮 forbid forbade forbidden 禁止 hide hid hidden 隐藏,躲藏 ride rode ridden 骑，乘车 write wrote written 写，著述 rewrite rewrote rewritten 重写,5. A - B - c型 (原型，过去式和过去分词各不相同). (5) 过去分词是在过去式后面-n或-en。 awake awoke awoken 唤醒 wake woke woken 唤醒，醒来break broke broken 打破 speak spoke spoken 说,发言 choose chose chosen 选择 freeze froze