定语从句：关系代词和关系副词的用法

1、Unit 4,The Attributive Clauses,1. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night. 2. It was heard in Beijing, which is one hundred kilometers away. 3. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meter wide cut across houses, roa

2、ds and canals. 4. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more then 400,000. 5. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 6. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.,什么是定语从句？,1.在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 2.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。

3、3.引导定语从句的连词叫关系代词或关系副词。 关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which, as 关系副词：when,where,why 如果先行词是指人，用who, whom, whose, that引导定语从句。如果先行词是指物，用that, which, whose引导。,Zll,含定语从句的复合句可分解为两个或两个以上的简单句。,A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meter wide cut across houses, roads and canals.,A huge crack,cut a

4、cross houses, roads and canals.,that was eight kilometers long and,thirty meter wide,A huge crack,那么怎样把两个简单句组合成含有定语从句的复合句？,The boy is Tom. 找出两句中相同部分，确定主句、先行词 The boy is Tom. 重复部分用关系词替换。先行词是boy，因此用关系代词who /that 代替。 The boy who is smiling is Tom.,The boy is smiling.,Practice,The boy is Tom. The boy ha

5、s a round face. The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me. The boy who sits in front of me is Tom.,Practice,The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (who/whom/that) everyone likes is kind. The woman got the job. We saw her on the street. The woman (who/whom/that

6、) we saw on the street got the job.,关系代词:,1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略） The man who I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. 2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.,3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略,

7、 如介词提前则不能省),These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books?,that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machine that

8、can fly. He is the man. I told you about him. He is the man (that/who/whom) I told you about. He is the man about _I told you. 注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用that 。 Is this the library from which you borrow books?,whom,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, somet

9、hing, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。 I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. (2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等 修饰时。 Ive read all the books that are not mine. (3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the first book (that) he has read. (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same修饰时。 This is the ver

10、y book that belongs to him.,在下列情况下只用which,不用that。,1，引导非限定性定语从句。 2，直接作介词的宾语。 3，避免与that重复。 Here he worked on a short film, which won him a job as the youngest film director in the world. Many people were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.

11、,Practice,I know the girl. Her mother is a teacher. I know the girl her mother is a teacher. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher. Do you know the boy? His parents are on holiday. Do you know the boy whose parents are on holiday?,先行词,替换为whose,whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词 与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose 多指人，也

12、可指物，指物时可与 of which 互换使用。Whose 用来代替 his，her，their，its. This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book of which the cover is blue. Do you know the girl whose father died in Iraq.,如何选择关系代词who ,whom, whose, which, that?,口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物 后看从句里, 有无主宾语 指人的关系代词： that/who whom whose 指物的关系代词： that/whi

13、ch whose,在从句中作主语,宾语,在从句中作宾语,在从句中作定语,在从句中作主语,宾语,在从句中作定语,Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose that, or which.,1 I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music. 2 Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her. 3 The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player. 4 Kevin is

14、reading a book _ is too difficult for him.,who,which / that,whose,which / that,Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose that, or which.,5 The family _ Im staying with lives in town. 6 I know the student _ article was published. 7 Betty, _ has never been abroad, is studying English very well. 8 My pa

15、rents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old. 9 The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.,that,whose,who,which / that,whom,Practice,This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. This is the factory which I worked in ten years ago. This is the factory in which I worked ten years ag

16、o. This is the factory where I worked ten years ago. The school is near a farm. My uncle works on this farm. The school is near a farm on which my uncle works. The school is near a farm where my uncle works. where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词，并在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which） ”。,Practice,I still remembered the da

17、ys. we travelled together in the days. I still remembered the days in which we travelled together. I still remembered the days when we travelled together. When引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词，并在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which） ”。,Practice,Do you know the reason? She was late for the reason. Do you know the reason for

18、 which she was late? Do you know the reason why she was late? Why引导的定语从句修饰 “reason”，并在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+ 关系代词（which） ”。,关系副词,where when why,=prep+which, 在从句中作地点状语 =prep+which, 在从句中作时间状语 =for+which, 在从句中作原因状语， 先行词为reason,Practice,Spielberg,_ mother was a teacher, was born in a small town. This was a film_ Spielberg used real actors instead of toys. The reason_ he could not go there was that his grades were too low. This was the moment _ Spielbergs career really took off. Jurassic Pa