初中英语复习专辑

1、初中英语复习专辑名词、冠词、代词、不定代词、数词、介词、连词、形容词、副词的比较等级、动词四种名词的数1、可数名词与不可数名词A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以下几点：1)前无数、冠，

2、后无复数；作主语为三单.2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of短语2、可数名词的复数A、不规则变化：manmen ; womanwomen ;childchildrenpolicemanpolicemen EnglishmanEnglishmen FrenchmanFrenchmenfootfeet ; toothteeth mouse(鼠)miceB、规则变化1）s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es 读 iz2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结尾加 seg. boxes bksiz blouses blauziz3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(

3、fe)为v加es-读vz eg. knives naivz4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es 清就清s eg. booksbuks penspenz babiesbeibiz5)一般加s 浊就浊z 但注意以下几点： potatopotatoes ; tomatotomatoes 单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese 由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数 man doctor men doctors reefreefs “某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面. eg. GermanGermans peop

4、le , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy.3、名词所有格：名词s (意思是 “的”)A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“s”但注意：1)表两者共有则在后者加“s” Lucy and Lilys father 露西和莉莉的父亲Lucys and Lilys fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.2)以s结尾的词只加“ ”eg. 1) the boys books 2) James father3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导eg. the leg of the desk4)双重所有格：a friend

5、 of my fathersa friend of mine ( ) a friend of my( )初中英语复习专辑（2）冠词1、不定冠词a, an a用在辅音音素开头的词前 eg. a book a useful book a “u” ju:sful ju:an用于元音开头的词前. eg. an applean hour an “F” au ef 2、定冠词the1)特指某人/某物The book on the desk is mine.2)世上独一无二的事物前the sun , the moon, the earth, the sky3)形、副最高级及序数词前The third boy

6、 is the tallest of all.(但当这些词前已有其他限定词，如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时，则不能再用the)He is my first English teacher.4)the + 姓的复数表示 “某家人”或“某夫妇”。 the Greens 格林一家/ 格林夫妇3、不用冠词的几种情况：1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词2)学科名词前3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前（但：当三餐名词前有修饰词时，则要加适当的冠词. 表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the）1) He went to school after he had a quick breakfast.2) play the v

7、iolin / piano初中英语专辑（3）代词（一）指示代词：this , that , these , those. this , that一般与可数名词的单数连用，而不与不可数名词连用（但that可单独指代不可数名词）。that apple ( ) that meat ( )The weather in Sichuan is not so hot as _ in Guangzhou. that(二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 1）人称代词：主格、宾格（作主语为主格， 作宾语为宾格; 介+宾格）eg. 1)I thank you 2)You thank me.2）物主代词：形容词性物主代

8、词和名词性物主代词。一变(mymine); 二留(hishis itsits)三加s(youryours ; ourours ; herhers ; theirtheirs)用法：有名不名，无名是名eg. This is _（我的）book. This book is _（我的）. my ; mine3）反身代词：某某自己；亲自单数复数yourselfyourselvesmyselfourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代词的常见搭配：1.enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；过得愉快 2.hurt oneself 伤着自己3.teach onese

9、lf = learn by oneself 自学4.(all) by oneself （完全）独立地5.help oneself to 请自便；随便吃6.look after oneself 自理；照顾自己7.leave one by oneself 把单独留下8.lose oneself in 陶醉于；沉浸于（三）不定代词1)some与any一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句（但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some此类句型常以could , would开头）2) many + 可数 = a lot of : 许多much + 不可数 （但a lot of不能用于否定句）3)

10、 few , a few ; little , a little表否定表肯定可数few(几乎没有)a few(几个；一些)不可数little(几乎没有)a little(一点儿少许) .The story is easy to read. There are _new words in it. few .Hurry up! There is_ time left. little4) everyone / anyone 不加of no one 不加 of none of( )_ of us wants to read the book. BA. Everyone B. Every oneC. N

11、obody D. No one5）other ,another , others单数复数泛指another三者以上的另一个定语主语、宾语othersomeothers特指onethe other一个另一个the others =the other+复名(另外的人或物).We study _ subjects besides Chinese. .May I have _ apple ?.These cups are clean. _ are dirty. .I have two pens. One is red , _ is blue. other ; another ; others ; th

12、e others另外注意：one another (三者以上的)相互 each other (两者的)相互We should learn from each other(说明we指两个人)They help one another (说明they指三个人以上)6) 二者与三者复数单数单数二者both(都)neither(都不)either(任何一个)三者all(都)none(都不)any(任何一个)注意： .both 否定 neither all 否定 none.both , all 不但作主语为复数，且被修饰的词也为复数；neither , none作主语为单数，但none of + 复名，

13、neither of + 复名7) each: (二者以上的)每个作主、宾、定） every: (三者以上的)每个只作定语）._ student in the class likes English._ of the students studied hard. Every ; Each初中英语复习专辑（4）数词数词分为基数词和序数词。用于表示事物数目的词称为基数词，表示事物顺序的词称为序数词。1.基数词(1000以内的基数词的读法)365three hundred and sixty-five505five hundred and five2.基数词变序数词的方法： 基变序，有规律；词尾要加

14、th。 一二三，特殊记；词尾分别tdd。 八去t ，九去e ；ve则以f替。 ty 则变作 ti ; 后面还有一个e。 要是遇到几十几；只将个位变成序。eg. onefirst twosecond threethird eighteighth nineninth twelvetwelfthtwentytwentieth twenty-one -twenty-first3.数词的应用：A、时刻表达法：a. 整点：基数词 + oclockeg. Its eight oclock now.b. 几点几分：1直接表达法：先小时后分eg. 3:25 three twenty-five2.间接表达法：先分

15、后小时1)(30分钟)用to：(60-分钟数) to (小时数+1)eg. 3:35 twenty-five (minutes) to four3) 30分钟 = half 15分钟 = a quartereg. 3:30 three thirty = half past three 3:15 three fifteen = a quarter past three. 3:45 three forty-five = a quarter to fourB、日期表达法：月日，年（或日月年）1949年10月1日 : October1st , nineteen forty-nine=the first

16、 of October, nineteen forty-nine2000年: the year two thousand=twenty hundred2001年: twenty o one3月1日: March the first = the first of MarchC、表编号：第207房间：Room 207第五课： Lesson 5 = the fifth lessonD、序数词与不定冠词(a; an)连用表“又一；再一”eg. Youve done it three times. Why not try a fourth time?E、分数的表达：分子（基数）、分母（序数）eg. on

17、e third 三分之一 two thirds 三分之二注意：1.分子超过1时，分母加s2.含分数的短语作主语由分数后的词决定谓语eg.1)One third of the students are girls. 2)One third of the milk is mine.3.分数的特殊形式1)one third = a third2)one fourth = a quarter three fourths = three quarters3)one second = a halfF、一些数词的复数 + of表约数：hundreds of ; thousands of ; millions

18、 of初中英语复习专辑（5）介词1.in; on; at用在时间词前，表“在”1)at + 具体时刻2)on + 具体某天（具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时）3)in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分但注意：at night= in the night at noon at this / that time at Christmaseg. 1._ the morning 2._ Monday morning3. _ a rainy evening 4. _3:50 5._ 20026._ the morning of April 10 7._ spring8._ nig

19、ht 9._ this time 10. _ March另外注意：在时间词（morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday）前有last, next , this , that时，不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。eg. I will go(A) to the cinema(B) in(C) this evening. _2. in , on , at 表地点：at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：eg. 1)He arrived _Shanghai yesterday.2)They

20、arrived _a small village before dark.3)There is a big hole _ the wall.4)The teacher put up a picture _ the wall.3.in , on , to表方位 in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系eg.1)Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 3)Japan is to the east of China. cross: 动词“跨过，越过”=go

21、 across4. across: （表面）跨过through: （内部）穿过，贯穿 介词eg. 1)Can you swim _ the river? 2)The road runs _ the forest. 3) _ the bridge, youll find a cinema.5. in + 时间段：与将来时连用after + 时间段：与过去时连用但after + 时间点：可与将来时连用。1) Ill leave _ three oclock. That is, Ill leave _ about ten minutes.2)They left _ two weeks.6. in t

22、he tree(外加在树上的事物) on the tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)in the wall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)7. on the wall(墙表面的事物)1) There is a map _ the wall2) There are four windows _ the wall.8.by bike / bus / car / ship (单数且无冠词)但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。eg. by bike = on a(the; his) bike by car = in a(the ; her) car on: 在（表面）上接触9. ove

23、r: 在的正上方 above: 在的斜上方 未接触1) The moon rose _ the hill.2) There is a bridge _ the river.3) There is a book _ the desk.10. between: 在（两者）之间 among :在（三者以上）之间1)A big crowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the beach. _ them were his parents.2)Tom sits _Lucy and Lily.11.on与about : 关于 on用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等

24、 about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及eg. He gave a talk _ the history of the Party12. in front of :在前面/方（范围外）= before in / at the front of:在前部（范围内）1)There is a big tree _ of the classroom.2)A driver drives _ of the bus.类似区别：at the back of与behind13.with和in: 表示“用“ with: 指“用工具、手、口等” in: 指“用语言、话语、声音等”1) Please write the

25、letter _ a pen.2) Please speak _ a loud voice.14. on a farm ; in a factory ; the girl in the hat ; leave for: 动身前往某地15.一些固定搭配：（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for;wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon, 等。（2）介词与名词的搭配on time, in time, by bus, o

26、n foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。初中英语复习专辑（6）连词: 从属连词和并列连词（一）从属连词：用于连接各种从句的连词（二）并列连词：并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：1.表并列关系的and, bo

27、thand, not onlybut also, neithernor等。2. 表选择关系的or, eitheror等。3. 表转折关系的but, while（然而）等。4.表因果关系的for, so等。5. and: “和”在肯定句中表并列 or: “和”在否定句中表并列另外：1)or “或者”用于选择疑问句 2)or “否则”eg. .Which do you like better, tea or milk? .Hurry up, or youll be late for school.6.but “但是”表转折eg. I listened, but I heard nothing.注意

28、：1)though(虽然), but(但是)不能连用 2)not but 不是而是eg. This book isnt mine but yours.both and : 既又（连接主语为复数）neithernor: 既不也不 连接两主7. eitheror: 或者或者 语后者决 not only but also:不但而且 定单、复eg.1)Both he and I are students. 2)Neither he nor I am a student.附动词的四种形式、情态动词动词、不定式与动名词、宾语从句与状语从句中的时态附动词的四种形式A、动三单的变法 1) “辅+y”结尾, 变

29、y为i加es 2) “以s; sh; ch; x; o结尾, 加es 3)直接加s但have-hasB、现在分词的变法 1)去e加ing (e不发音) 2)双写加ing (“辅元辅”结尾且重读,y;w列外) 3)直接加ing写出下列动词的现在分词1.see_2.come _3.stop_4.open _5.listen_6.drop _7.prefer_8.fix_ 9.relax _10.die _11.tie _12.lie _C、动词的过去式和过去分词（一）不规则变化（见课本不规则变化表P255）（二）规则变化 1) “辅+y”结尾，变y为i加ed 2)双写加ed 3)直接加ed写出下列

30、动词的过去式和过去分词1.drop _ _2.stop _ _3.prefer _ _4.study _ _5.try _ _6.fix _ _ 7.relax _ _附情态动词（can/ could; may/ might; must; should）+动原1.must(必须)neednt(不必) may(可以)mustnt(不许；不准；不可以)2.注意几个题：1)May I go with you? No, you _.2)Must I turn off the light now? Yes, you _/ No, you _附动词不定式与动名词A、动词不定式作宾补 1)tell / as

31、k / want sb to do _否定式：tell/ask/want sb not to do _ _2)省to不定式作宾补即：(l, m, n, 3h, 2看, 1f) sb dollet; mmake; nnotice; 3hhear, have, help; 2看see, watch; 1ffeel 但注意：1)help sb (to) do (to可省、可不省) 2)在改作被动语态时省去的to应还原eg. Someone heard him sing in the room. He was heard to sing in the room.B、动词不定式与动名词的区别1.(hop

32、e; learn; want=would like; decide) to do2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doing 8.介词+doingeg. 1)What/ How about doing 2)be good at doing附宾语从句与状语从句中的时态1.状语从句中的时态：主句时间、条件句1）一般将来时2）祈 使 句3）情态动词原形一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时eg.1)Ill call you as soon as he _ (come) back. 2)He wont go to bed until he _ (finish) h

33、is homework.3)Ill help you if I _ (be) free tomorrow2.宾语从句中的时态：主句宾语从句一般现在时一切时态一般过去时过去范畴的某一时态（一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时）但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，则只能用一般现在时。eg.1)He said his father _(come) back in two days. 2)The teacher said light _(travel) faster than sound.附主谓一致1.表“时间、距离、金钱、长度”的名词短语做主语时应看作一个整体，视为三单eg.

34、Two months is quite a long time.2.people; police形单实为复，作主为复eg. The police are looking for the missing boy.3.maths, news, physics形复实为单，作主为单4.family; class看作整体时作主语为单数；看作整体中的各成员时则为复数。eg. 1)My family is a big one. 2)My family are watching TV.5.由with, except, as well as连接的两名词作主语，谓语由前者决定eg. The teacher wit

35、h his students is going to Beijing tomorrow.6.由neithernor; eitheror; not onlybout also连接的两名词作主语，谓语由后者决定eg. Neither he nor I am a teacher.7.不定代词（something; anything; nothing; someone; anyone; everyone）作主语为三单Nobody knows it except me.8.One of + 复名 作主语为单数eg. One of my friends is a computer engineer.9.“the +姓的复数”作主语为复数eg. The Lius are watching TV now.10.sheep; deer; fish单复同形，注意区别作主语是单还是复eg. 1)There are many