现在完成时的语法讲解及习题

1、Grammar,The Present Perfect with already, yet.,1. Have you watered the plants yet? Yes, I have already watered them. 2. Have you finished your homework yet? Yes, I have already finished it. 3. Have you found your bike yet? Yes, I have already found it.,现在完成时的构成: 现在完成时是由“助动词have / has + 动词 的过去分词”构成。助

2、动词要和主语的人 称、数保持一致。,现在完成时,现在完成时的用法: (1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常使用just, already, yet等时间副词。 Have you had lunch yet? 你吃了午饭吗？ Yes, Ive just had it. 是的,我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了),(2) 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,也可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教) I havent s

3、een her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。,现在完成时的时间状语: (1) 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中, yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成家庭作业了。 They havent finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成家庭作业。,(2) 用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未”等。 Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ No, I

4、have never been to the Great Wall. 不,我从未去过长城。,(3) 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now等。 I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。,(4) 与since或for表示一段时间的状语连 用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直 持续到现在。since后接时间点或过去时 的句子；for后接时间段。,I havent seen him for two years. 我已经两年没见到他了。 She has ta

5、ught us since last year. 自从去年起她就教我们了。 I have skated since I was four years old. 从我四岁时我就开始滑冰了。,现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词,英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的。 终止性动词也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词或点动词，如: become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, die, finish, get to know, go, join, marry, start, stop等。,终止性动词表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续, 所以它的现在完

6、成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语, 如for + 时间段、 since + 时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句。,若保留for + 时间段, since + 时间点/从句, 或 用在 how long句型中, 则需将终止性动词改 为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。,以下是常用的瞬间性动词和延续性动词转换对应表: come be here buy have borrow keep leave be away die be dead stop be over begin / start be on,单项选择。 ( )1. Have you take

7、n out the trash, Belly? _. Ill do it right away. A. Sorry, I have B. No, I didnt C. No, I dont D. Not yet ( )2. Have you _ visited Shanghai? No, _. A. ever; not B. never; not C. ever; never D. never; ever,D,C,( )3. Could you go to the park with me this afternoon? Sorry, I _ there. I went there yeste

8、rday. A. have gone B. have been C. went D. was ( )4. Have you washed your clothes _? No, I havent. But I have cleaned the room _. A. ago; already B. yet; yet C. before; yet D. yet; already,B,D,( )5. I am a soldier. I _ the army _ about five years. A. have joined; since B. have joined; for C. have be

9、en in; for D. have been in; since,C,1、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分 提问) _ _ have they been here? 2、The old man _ last year. (die/dead) He _ _ _for a year. (die/dead) （选词填空） 3、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义 句转换) This factory _ for twenty years.,How long,died,has been open,has been dead,4、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao _