英语修辞--chiasmus(交错配列法).ppt

1、A,1,Chiasmus,-By Emily,A,2,One should eat to live, not live to eat (吃饭是为了活着，而活着不是为了吃饭) Ask not what your country can do for you ,ask what you can do for your country. (不要问你的祖国能为你做什么，而要问你能为你的祖国做什么),A,3,Chiasmus,Definition,Structure,Function,A,4,Definition,1.The word “chiasmus” comes from Greek word “

2、chiasmos”, meaning “cross-wide”. It is a construction involving the repetition of words or syntactic elements in reverse order (a b / b a),A,5,2. A device that consists of two balanced statements , the second of which reverses the order of the words in the first ,with or without a repetition of word

3、s 即在两个句法上平行并列的短语或句子中，后项 以相反的顺序重复前项的词语,A,6,1. One should eat to live, not live to eat. (吃饭是为了活着，而活着不是为了吃饭) 2. For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways. （我的想法不同于你的想法，正如你处事的方式不同于我的方式一样）,A,7,Structure,Repetition of the words in reverse order Repetition of the syntactic elemen

4、ts in reverse order,A,8,Repetition of the words in reverse order,1.Trifles make perfection, and perfection in no trifle.,2 Home is where the great are a small , and the small are great. b b a,英语中的chiasmus 的奇 特之处在于“用X标记”的特征或a b/b a 的格式,A,9,Antistrophe fifty is the youth of old age. (Victor Hugo) 4.Wh

5、ether we bring our enemies to justice, or bring justice to our enemies, justice will be done.,A,11,Chiasmus汉语中的回文,回文：把相同的词汇或句子，在下文中调换位置或颠倒过来，产生首尾回环的情趣，叫做回文，也叫回环 如： 信言不美，美言不信 日往则月来，月往则日来 非人磨墨墨磨人 斗鸡山上山鸡斗；龙隐洞中洞隐龙。,A,12,Function,Chiasmus serves different purposes in different contexts. On many occasions

6、 it serves the purpose of （1）being serious or solemn （2）witty or humorous. （3）emphasize something It often achieves aphoristic effect.,A,13,Examples,a. If you cannot have what you believe in, you must believe in what you have.- （solemn） 如果你信仰的东西你无法拥有，你就得去信仰 你所拥有的东西. b.She is very forgetful and so sh

7、e worries a great deal , she worries a great deal and so she becomes even more forgetful.- （humorous） 她很健忘，所以她总是担心；她越担心结果越健忘,A,14,c. Underfed she looks too, potatoes and marge, Marge and potatoes (James Joyce, Ulysses)- （emphasis） 她看上去营养也不良，马铃薯加麦淇淋，麦淇淋加马铃薯,A,15,Chiasmus is increasingly used in moder

8、n and contemporary English for its diversified rhetorical functions. People inevitable employ chiasmus in meditation of social life because it can express sophisticated ideas ,deep thought and even twisted concepts in the complex society.,A,16,经典语句,1. Flowers are lovely ; love is flower-like. 花朵是可爱的

9、，爱像花朵一样 2. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. 让我们永不因畏惧而谈判，但让我们永不要 畏惧谈判 10. Where there is marriage without love, there will be love without marriage. 哪里有无爱情的婚姻，哪里便有无婚姻的爱情,A,17,4.The reasonable man adapts himself to the world, the unreasonable one persists in tryi

10、ng to adapt the world to himself. 明达事理之人总是使自己适应世界，而不明 达事理之人坚持让世界适应自己 5.You forget what you want to remember, and you remember what you want to forget 你忘记了想记住的，却记住了想忘记的,A,18,6. A pessimist is one who makes difficulties of his opportunities ; an optimist is one who makes opportunities of his difficulties悲观的人把机会变成困难，乐观的人把困难变成机会 7.Nice to see you, to see you, nice! 8.I flee who chase me, and ch