高考专题辅导江苏省2014版高考英语 词法 第7讲 情态动词和虚拟语气课件分析

1、第7讲 情态动词和虚拟语气,1. (2013安徽高考)It _ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. A. may B. couldnt C. should D. neednt 【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意: 根本不可能是词汇造成了你练习中的问题, 因为你掌握了许多单词。根据句意可知本题考查的是对现在的否定推测, 故选B。may “可能”; should“应该”; neednt“不需要”。,2. (2013新课标全国卷)Since nobo

2、dy gave him any help, he _ have done the research on his own. A. can B. must C. would D. need 【解析】选B。考查情态动词表示推测。句意: 因为没有人帮助他, 他一定独自完成了这项研究。can表示推测时, 常用于否定句和疑问句, 用于肯定句时, 表示理论上对客观情况的推测; must表示推测时, 只能用于肯定句, 推测的可能性很大, 可译为“一定”; would常用于虚拟, 不用于推测; need表示推测时, 常用于否定句。由此可知选B。,3. (2013重庆高考)What are you doing

3、this Saturday? Im not sure, but I _ go to the Rolling Stones concert. A. must B. would C. should D. might 【解析】选。考查情态动词。句意: 你这个周六要干什么? 不太确定。我可能去滚石乐队的音乐会。由“不太确定”可以判断应该选择可能性不是很大的情态动词might, 故选; 项表示“必定, 必然”; B项为“will”的过去式, 往往表示意愿或请求; C项表示“应该”。,4. (2013湖南高考)He _ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on

4、 such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. A. wouldnt B. shouldnt C. couldnt D. mustnt 【解析】选C。考查情态动词。句意: 当他正寻找一个主意的时候, 尽管他试图入睡, 但是他就是无法睡着, 直到把主意想出来。could表能力, 意为“能够, 可以”, couldnt是其否定形式。,5. (2013江西高考)When I was a child, I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to. A. should B. could C. must D. need 【解析】 选

5、B。考查情态动词。句意: 当我是一个孩子的时候, 无论什么时候想看电视都可以。could在此表示“可以”。,6. (2013天津高考)No one _ be more generous, he has a heart of gold. A. could B. must C. dare D. need 【解析】选A。考查情态动词。句意: 没有人能比他更慷慨大方, 他拥有一颗金子般(高尚)的心灵。could可能; must必须, 一定(表示非常肯定的猜测, 不用于否定句); dare敢; need需要。根据句意选A。,7. (2013辽宁高考)Harry is feeling uncomforta

6、ble. He _ too much at the party last night. A. could drink B. should drink C. would have drunk D. must have drunk 【解析】选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意: Harry感到不舒服。他一定是在昨晚的聚会上喝了太多的酒。根据句意是对发生在过去的情况的推测, 用must have done。,8. (2013陕西高考)The children _ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp

7、as scheduled. A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get 【解析】选A。考查情态动词。句意: 孩子们一定在森林里迷路了; 否则他们会按照预定时间来到湖边营地的。根据后半句“would have been”可知是对过去事情的虚拟, must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测, 根据句意, 应选A。,9. (2013江苏高考)I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious. A. thought B. would think C. had

8、 thought D. have thought 【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。句意: 如果我早知道你是认真的话, 我原本不该嘲笑你的。主句中谓语动词使用should not have laughed, 表明与过去的事实相反, 从句应该使用had done。,10. (2013福建高考)Do you think George has passed the driving test? No. If so, he _ his car to our college yesterday. A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven

9、 【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。句意: 你认为乔治已经通过驾照考试了吗? 没有。如果这样的话, 他昨天就开车来我们大学了。根据句意可知是对过去的虚拟。If so= If he had passed the driving test, 主句使用情态动词+ have done。故答案选C。,11. (2013天津高考)If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he _ able to speak it much better now. A. will be B. would be C. has been D. woul

10、d have been 【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。句意: 如果他以前花费更多的时间练习英语口语的话, 他现在就能说得更好。此题为if虚拟条件句, 从句时间为before, 故是对过去的虚拟, 用过去完成时态, 主句时间为now, 是对现在的虚拟, 故选B。,12. (2013浙江高考)Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old. A. was B. be C. were D. is 【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。句意: 眼科医生建议孩子第一次视力检查应该在六个月大。recom

11、mend表示“推荐, 建议”, 后接宾语从句时应用should+动词原形的虚拟语气, 此处省去了should, 故答案为B。,13. (2013陕西高考)My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would 【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气。句意: 我的母亲建议我们这个周末出去吃饭, 换换口味。suggest表示建议时, 其后所接的名词性从句应用should+动词原形的虚拟语气, 故选A。,14. (2013北京高考)If we _ a table earli

12、er, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue. A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked 【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意: 如果我们早些预订餐桌, 现在就不会站在这里排队了。此题为混合虚拟条件句, 主句是与现在事实相反, 从句与过去事实相反, 故从句使用过去完成时。,热点考向 1 情态动词表示推测 1. 主要考点: (1)must常用于肯定句, 一般不用于否定句和疑问句; can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中, 表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句和疑问句中; (2)c

13、ould, should, might不一定与过去时间有关, 而是表示可能性弱于与其相应的现在时形式; (3)should/ought to表示推测时, 表示确定或可能性大的合乎理想的情况或结果。,2. 突破技巧: (1)体会语境, 把握说话者的口气, 通过说话者口气推测强弱; (2)把握句式, 选取合适的表示推测的情态动词。,【真题变式】用适当的情态动词填空。 (2012四川高考)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao” just as I _ do in China. 我离他们足够近, 能听到

14、他们在讲中文, 就像在中国我也许会做的那样, 我说了一句“你好”。,might,热点考向 2 情态动词表示请求、允诺、允许 1. 主要考点: (1)can表示允许或许可(口语中常用) Could I use your bike tomorrow? 明天我可以用一下你的自行车吗? Yes, you can. (No, Im afraid not. ) 是的, 你可以。(不, 恐怕不行。) (2)will/would表示请求、建议, 用在问句中时would比较委婉 Will you close the window? 请你把窗户关上好吗?,(3)shall用于征求对方意见、许诺、命令、警告、威胁等

15、 shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中时表示征求意见。 Shall I get you some tea? 我给你倒点茶好吗? Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等好吗? shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句时, 往往表示给对方(you)或第三者(he, she, they)以允诺、命令、决心、警告或威胁等, 在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。 You shall get a birthday present. 你会得到一份生日礼物的。(允诺) You shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 我告诉你

16、, 有一天你会为此后悔的。(警告),2. 突破技巧: (1)通过句式把握请求语气; (2)通过人称、语境辨别允许、许诺、威胁、命令、警告等语气。,【真题变式】翻译句子。 (2012辽宁高考)One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. _,我们的规定之一就是每个学生在校期间应该穿校服。,热点考向 3 情态动词表示必要性 1. 考查内容: (1)must必须, 应该(表主观要求) mustnt表示“禁止” 当must用于疑问句时, 其否定回答是No, . . . neednt/d

17、ont have to.,(2)should/ought to表示“应当, 应该(表义务、责任)” ought to与should意思大体相同, 但ought to语气比should重, 往往表示从法律或道义上“应该”。 You are his father and ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲, 应当照顾他。(有责任, 从道义上应该),(3)have to表示“只好, 不得不(客观的必须, 有时态及人称变化)” have to表示“必须, 不得不”, 这个意义与must很接近, 但must表示主观意志, 而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。 I

18、told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必须戒烟。 I have to hand in my term paper before 5: 00 p. m. today. 我必须在今天下午5点前交学期论文。,2. 突破技巧: (1)把握说话者口气, 根据语境品味“必须; 必要; 一定”含义; (2)理清应该、有责任、有义务做某事; (3)注意客观、主观的“不得不”的区别。,【真题变式】翻译句子。 (2012重庆高考)Must you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? Sorry Sir, but

19、its urgent. _ _ 对不起先生, 但是事情很急。,你一定要/必须此时打扰我吗? 难道你没有看到我在打电,话吗?,热点考向 4 情态动词表示能力 1. 考查内容: can/could与be able to辨析 (1)时态区别 情态动词can只有两种时态形式, 现在式can和过去式could, 而be able to有多种时态形式。 Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was five. 玛丽会弹钢琴, 她5岁起就会弹了。,(2)语境结果区别 表示过去的能力时, was/were able to

20、表示经过一番努力后取得了成功。相当于manage to do或succeed in doing, 而could没有这个含义。 Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。 2. 突破方法: (1)通过时态把握各自用法; (2)通过语境把握自身能力与努力取得的辨析。,【真题变式】用适当的情态动词填空。 (2012新课标全国卷)Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.,can,热点考向 5 情态动词+

21、have done用法 1. 命题角度: (1)表示“后怕、责备或遗憾”。,(2)表示“对过去事实的推断”。,2. 突破方法: (1)通过句意把握“原本; 现在”; (2)通过语境把握“对过去情况的猜测”。,【真题变式】翻译句子。 (2012江苏高考)Happy birthday! Thank you! Its the best present I could have wished for. 生日快乐！ 谢谢！_,这是我原本希望能得到的最好礼物。,热点考向 6 情态动词的其他含义 1. 考查内容: (1)情态动词need和dare的用法 need和dare作情态动词时常用于否定句、疑问句或条

22、件句中, 无人称和数的变化, 疑问句和否定句中不加助动词。 Need I telephone him now? 需要我现在打电话给他吗? She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。,need和dare用作实义动词时, 有词形变化, 变成否定句、疑问句时, 要加助动词。 You dont need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。,(2)几个可以表示某一特定的语气或态度的情态动词 can可以用来表示惊异、怀疑、不

23、相信的态度, 主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心? must用于条件句或疑问句中, 可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩, 意为“偏要、硬要”。 Why must you be so late? 你为何非要这么晚呢? should表示惊讶、不以为然等情绪, 用于某些句型中, 多译为“竟然”。 It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 这种事情竟然发生在我的身上, 好像不公平。,will的用法 will表示“意愿、意志”, would表示过去时间的“意愿、意志”。will还可以

24、表示某种倾向或习惯性动作, 意为“总会, 老是”, 其否定结构意为“不肯, 不能”。 I will do anything for you. 我愿意为你做任何事。 The door wont open. 这门打不开。 Every time she was in trouble, she would turn to him for help. 每次遇到麻烦她都会向他求助。,(3)情态动词的一些习惯用法 cannot/can never. . . too或cannot. . . enough表示“无论怎么也不过分; 越越好”。 You cannot be too careful. 你越细心越好。

25、cannot help doing. . . /cannot help but do. . . /cannot but do. . . 表示“禁不住; 不得不”。 I couldnt help jumping up when I saw him. 一看到他, 我情不自禁地跳了起来。,“may/might as well+动词原形”表示“还不如, 不妨”, 相当于had better。 It is very late, so you may/might as well go to bed. 夜深了, 不妨去睡吧。,2. 突破方法: (1)掌握固定句式, 相应考题使用句式突破; (2)把握情态动词

26、的特殊用法, 通过语境、句意选取合适的情态动词。,【真题变式】用恰当的情态动词填空。 (2012天津高考)Its quite warm here; we _ turn the heating on yet.,neednt,【命题小试】 请根据以下对话内容命制一道考查情态动词的题目。 I cant thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.,【参考答案】I _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were awa

27、y from home. A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. shant 【解析】选B。根据常识对他人帮助的感谢, 意思应该为“再怎么感谢也不为过”, cant. . . too much有此意。,热点考向7 虚拟语气 1. 考查内容: (1)条件句中的虚拟语气 a. 与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词: 过去式(be用were) 主句谓语动词: should/would/could/might+动词原形 If they were attacked, these cars would be strong enough to protect them.,b. 与过去事实相反 从句

28、谓语动词: had+过去分词 主句谓语动词: should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 If he had not been in an open car, he wouldnt have been shot.,c. 与将来事实相反 从句谓语动词: 过去式/were+不定式/should+动词原形 主句谓语动词: should/would/could/might+动词原形 If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. 注意: 如果在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有were,

29、 had或should, 可将if省略, 然后将were, had或should移至主语之前 Had we made a great effort, we might have succeeded. (=If we had made a great effort. . . ),(2)从句中的虚拟语气 a. 宾语从句 demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为(should+)动词原形 He suggested that we (should) not change our mind. wish后的从句中的谓语动词分别用一般过去式、过去完成式和should/w

30、ould+动词原形, 它们分别表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反 I wish I could be a pop singer.,b. 主语从句 在“It is necessary/important/strange/suggested/demanded/ ordered/requested+that从句”中, 谓语动词用should+动词原形 It is strange that such a person should be our friend.,c. 表语从句和同位语从句 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名

31、词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气, 其构成是“should+动词原形”, should可以省略 My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it. 我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。 We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for a visit. 我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。,(3)特殊句式中的虚拟语气 a. 混合条件句的虚拟语气 有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致, 这时动词的形式应根据它们表示的时间加以调整

32、 If it had rained last night, it would be very cool today. b. 含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 用连词otherwise, or, but等暗示前面表示虚拟 用but for, without, given等介词(短语)表示条件 The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain. Given more time, we could have done it better.,c. 其他句型 would rather所接的从句中的谓语动词用一般

33、过去式(对现在虚拟)或者过去完成式(对过去虚拟) I would rather you stayed at home now. It is (high) time (that). . . 句型中谓语动词用一般过去式或should+动词原形, should不可省略 Its high time that we left.,if only后面的谓语动词常用一般过去式(对现在虚拟)、过去完成式(对过去虚拟)与过去将来式(对将来虚拟), 表示强烈的愿望 If only our dream had come true! as if引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式 They are talking

34、as if they had been friends for years.,2. 突破技巧: (1)品味从句中的语气, 把握虚拟句子的特点; (2)掌握特殊句式, 运用恰当句式的适当动词形式来突破。,【真题变式】用动词的适当形式完成下面句子。 (2012辽宁高考)Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _(do) something instead of just talking.,should do或did,易错点 1 混淆情态动词的基本用法 (母题)Days later, my brother called to say he was

35、all right, but _ say where he was. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt 【解析】选C。句意: 数天后, 我弟弟打电话来说他一切都好, 但是不愿意说他在哪里。mustnt意思为“禁止; 不允许”; shouldnt意思为“不应该”; wouldnt意思为“不情愿”; mightnt意思为“或许不”, 根据句意“不愿意”可知答案C合适。,(变式)Days later, my brother called to say he wanted to go home, but mother said he _ do th

36、is because the exam was drawing near. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt 【解析】选A。句意: 数天后, 我弟弟打电话来说他想回家, 但妈妈说他不可以这样, 因为考试快到了。,【误区点拨】从语境、句意着手, 结合对情态动词的推测、请求、允诺、允许、能力、必要性等基本用法的准确掌握来把握。,易错点 2 误用情态动词+have done结构 (母题)We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner. A. may n

37、ot B. neednt C. cant D. mustnt 【解析】选B。句意: 既然Suzie不与我们共进晚餐, 我们本不需要买这么多的食物。根据语境“不共进晚餐”推知“不需要买这么多的食物”, 故neednt have done意思为“本不需要做”符合题意。,(变式)Suzie _ have bought so much food now that she recently wants to lose weight. A. may not B. neednt C. cant D. mustnt 【解析】选C。句意: 既然Suzie近期想减肥, 她不可能买这么多食物。根据生活常识“减肥”则

38、“购买食物不会太多”, 故用cant have done形式表示对过去发生情况的否定推测。,【误区点拨】 准确掌握各类情态动词+have done的意义; 抓住“原本”与“推测”的语境区别。,易错点 3 虚拟语气时间段判断失误 (母题)Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying 【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意: 或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文学,

39、现在就能给你更多的帮助。句子前后为混合型虚拟语气, 主句是与现在情况相反的假设用would do形式; 但从句根据时间状语then表示过去的时间, 则判定if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟, 因此使用过去完成时。,(变式)Maybe if I had studied science, and not literature, I _ admitted into Tsinghua University. A. would be B. would C. would have been D. was 【解析】选C。句意: 或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文学, 就会被清华大学录取了。根据语境前后句子均为对过去发

40、生情况的假设, 故从句用had done形式; 主句用would have done形式, 答案C合适。,【误区点拨】 通过语境把握动作发生的时间段; 通过对虚拟语气基本形式的掌握恰当使用虚拟语气中具体的构成形式。,1. (2013太原模拟)As I was sitting down for dinner, the telephone _ ring. A. should B. must C. could D. would 【解析】选B。考查情态动词表示推测。句意: 当我坐下来吃饭时, 电话肯定响了。根据语境表示猜测, 用在陈述句中意思为“一定; 肯定”, 故用情态动词must; could表示

41、猜测用在疑问句或否定句中。,2. (2013石家庄模拟)Excuse me, where is the nearest bank? Go straight ahead; you _ miss it, which is a huge building. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. shouldnt 【解析】选B。考查情态动词表示推测。句意: 劳驾, 最近的银行在哪里? 直接朝前走, 你不可能错过, 它是一座高大建筑物。根据语境“高大建筑物”推知错过的“可能性”没有, 故cant意思为“不可能”对猜测句子进行否定符合题意。,3. No student _ go o

42、ut of school for snacks during the break without the teachers permission. A. will B. must C. shall D. may 【解析】选C。考查情态动词表示允许。句意: 没有老师的允许, 学生们在课间谁也不准出学校吃快餐。根据语境“没有老师允许”推知此处意思为“允许”, shall 用于二、三人称时可以表示警告, 命令, 允诺, 强迫, 决心, 威胁, 意图等, 故此处答案C符合题意。,4. (2013合肥模拟) _ I turn on the TV for you, Grandpa? Yes, thanks

43、 a lot, my dear. Youre so considerate. A. May B. Shall C. Will D. Need 【解析】选B。考查情态动词表示请求。句意: 爷爷, 我为你打开电视行吗? 好的, 宝贝, 非常感谢。你考虑太周到了。shall 用于一、三人称的疑问句表示“征求意见、建议”等。本句是征求意见, 故答案为B项。,5. (2013武威模拟) _ you read it so loud? Sorry. Ill take care not to. A. Can B. Must C. May D. Would 【解析】选B。考查情态动词表示必要性。句意: 你一定要

44、这么大声地读书吗? 抱歉, 我当心不去这样做了。根据说话人的语气、态度、语境可知是“非要, 一定得”, 故答案B合适。,6. (2013北京模拟)I had a very boring weekend at home. Why did you stay at home? You _ with us. A. might hike B. could have hiked C. should hike D. must have hiked 【解析】选B。考查情态动词+have done用法。句意: 在家里我过了一个非常令人厌烦的周末。为什么你待在家里呢? 你原本能与我们一起远足的。根据语境推知“原本能”, 故用could+have done形式。,7. (2013西安模拟)We _ have hurried all the way to the airportthe flight was called off because of the foggy weather A. mustnt B. couldn