AR2-unit 6课程详解

1、Text,ELEANOR ROOSEVELT First Lady of the World Dear readers, 1 It was during this week in 1948 that Eleanor Roosevelt paused for a moment during a walk from her Washington Square apartment toward New York Citys 8th Street. Suddenly, she wrote in her syndicated column, I saw on the sidewalk a figure

2、of a man. The man was homeless, very thin and very poor-looking, a sight not uncommon for city dwellers but rarely a cause for a letter to the nation in which she wondered how many human rights that poor man had.,Text,2 As a young woman Roosevelt did volunteer work for organizations like the Red Cro

3、ss and the Junior League of NY a high-society lady with a big heart. But she was still just a woman at a time and in a country dominated by men. When asked in 1911 if she was for a womans right to vote, she responded: If my husband then a NY State Senator is a suffragist, I probably must be too. As

4、Franklin Delano Roosevelts political career grew, however, so too did her concern for womens issues, labor issues, youth and civil rights issues. By the time she and FDR moved to the White House in 1932, Eleanor was coming into her own.,Text,3 Roosevelt would spend the next 12 years rewriting the de

5、finition of First Lady. I was alarmed myself, when she started, Madame Frances Perkins, FDRs Secretary of Labor and a longtime friend of Mrs. Roosevelts, told a Time correspondent in 1952. I was very alarmed when she began making speeches. Roosevelt was the first First Lady to hold a press conferenc

6、e (only female reporters were admitted); and since the wheelchair-bound FDR counted on her to be his legs, eyes and ears, she became involved with New Deal projects to an extent that shocked many.,Text,I felt certain that somewhere along the line she would stub her toe, said Perkins, thinking of Was

7、hingtons fishbowl atmosphere. But she did avoid any real mishap. I dont know how she did it. What to lay it to? Sincerity of purpose, simplicity of heart, an unconscious desire not to hurt people. At first some attributed such qualities to navet, but as time passed, Roosevelts humane and selfless na

8、ture won over the naysayers.,Text,She was the White Houses chief advocate for the rights of women and African-Americans; her syndicated newspaper column, My Day, was her platform from 1935 until her death in 1962. All the while, Eleanor had been a mother of six children. We feel, said her daughter A

9、nna, that if youre that interested and energetic and have a mind like hers, you shouldnt be let down.,Text,I hope she keeps right on going the way she has. She was also a wife to a man who could not stand on his own. We must ascribe to her the marvelous fact, said Winston Churchill in 1948, that a c

10、rippled man, victim of a cruel affliction, was able for more than ten years to ride the storms of peace and war at the summit of the US. The debt we owe to President Roosevelt is owed also to her.,Text,4 Her role as First Lady, heroic though it was, was only training. She had used her White House se

11、at to lobby but the power was still reserved for the man of the House. Besides, as Perkins once said, She said things that made people angry. With her husbands death in 1945, Roosevelt seemed ready to return to a private life.,Text,The story is over, she told the press. Later that year President Tru

12、man asked Eleanor to serve as a US delegate to the United Nations. She accepted the charge, moved on, and would change forever the role of women in American society and around the world. Most people who have played second violin all their lives never have an opportunity to play first violin, remarke

13、d Perkins. “Mrs. Roosevelt had the chance to, and she plays with genius.,Text,5 The 17 women delegates and advisers to the first United Nations General Assembly looked to Roosevelt for leadership and she delivered, quickly becoming the foremost advocate for human rights the world over. Named as the

14、first chairman of the UN Human Rights Commission, Roosevelt oversaw the two-year process of drafting and securing passage of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.,Text,Additionally, her clashes with representatives of the Soviet Union led one Republican to lean forward in his chair and state he

15、 wouldnt allow his name to be used for fear of being labeled as a Democratic supporter Now, if you want to know what I think about Mrs. Roosevelt, she is tuh- riffic! Mrs. Roosevelt is unique in her capacity to create an understanding of our position in the minds of the delegates of other countries.

16、 Her performance is so superlative that it is rather unexpected to be asked to evaluate her in ordinary terms.,Text,6 By the time she resigned from her UN post in 1952, Roosevelt had become the First Lady of the World. On a trip to India that same year she was greeted by throngs of admirers and intr

17、oduced to the Indian Parliament by Pandit Nehru as a representative of resurgent humanity.,Text,As she traveled around the cities and slums of that country she often spoke with young women about the challenges they faced. If a man fails it would simply be said, Its so bad that so and so failed. But

18、if a woman fails they will say, So you see, a woman is incapable of holding jobs. Women have to run on a par with men. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt never ran on a par, she set the pace.,Text,7 Even at 77 she was still going strong, appointed again to the UN by President Kennedy in 1961, and host of her ow

19、n panel discussion television show, Prospects of Mankind. There is one thing that a great many women are interested in, she told Kennedy during one of her broadcasts. Why is it that in this country we have not managed to put them into higher positions of power? 8 Please join Life magazine as we hono

20、r the power and humanity of Anna Eleanor Roosevelt by inducting her into the Hall of Heroes.,Text,埃莉诺罗斯福 世界的第一夫人 亲爱的读者们： 1 你们好！就在1948年这个星期的某一天，正当埃莉诺罗斯福从位于纽约华盛顿广场的公寓步行前往第八大道时，她停下了脚步。“突然间,”她在自己的联合专栏中写道,“我在人行道上看到一个男人的身影。”他是个无家可归的人，“瘦骨嶙峋，看起来十分穷困”，这种景象对城里人来说并不少见,但很少有人会像她那样为了这样的一件事情向全国民众写了一封公开信，在信中她问道：“这个

21、穷人到底享有多少人权呢?”,Text,2 年轻的时候，罗斯福夫人就为红十字会和纽约青少年联盟等组织做志愿者她出身上流社会，心地善良。但是在当时那个以男性为主导的时代和国家里，她也仅仅是一个女人。1911年，当被问到她是否支持给予妇女选举权时，她回答说：“如果我丈夫（当时还是纽约州的一名参议员）是妇女选举权的支持者，那我也许必须支持给予妇女选举权。”但是随着富兰克林德拉诺罗斯福的仕途越来越顺利，她也越来越关注妇女问题、劳工问题、青年人问题和人权问题。而1932年，她和罗斯福入主白宫后，埃莉诺开始大显身手了。,Text,3 在接下来的12年中，罗斯福夫人重新定义了“第一夫人”这个角色。“刚开始时，

22、连我自己都吃了一惊，”罗斯福政府的劳工部长、罗斯福夫人的长期挚友弗朗西斯珀金斯1952年对时代周刊的一名记者这样说道。“她刚开始发表演讲时，我十分惊讶。”罗斯福夫人是第一位召开新闻发布会的第一夫人（她只允许女记者参加）；而且，因为罗斯福离不开轮椅，他把埃莉诺当成了自己的双腿、双眼和耳朵，因此她十分积极地参与罗斯福新政，以至于让很多人都感到震惊。,Text,“我那时候觉得总有一天她会受挫的，”珀金斯说，因为在华盛顿，你的一举一动都在别人的注视之下。“但是她的确没出什么岔子。我不知道她是怎么做到的。这应该归功于什么呢？我想这是因为她用意真诚，心地单纯，从未想要去伤害别人。”一开始有人把这些品质归结

23、于她的天真，但是，随着时间的推移，罗斯福夫人仁慈而无私的性情使她争取到了众多反对者的支持。,Text,在白宫，她是妇女权利和黑人权利的头号倡导者；从1935年到 1962年她去世，她创立的报纸联合专栏我的一天一直都是她活动的平台。与此同时，埃莉诺还是六个孩子的母亲。她的女儿安娜说：“我们觉得如果你有这么浓厚的兴趣，又精力充沛，还有她那样聪明的头脑，你一定不要气馁。”,Text,“我希望她能像现在这样一直不停地做下去。”另外，她还是一位贤妻，要照顾一个无法站立的丈夫。温斯顿丘吉尔在1948 年曾说过：“一个双腿残疾、恶疾缠身的人能够领导美国十多年，经受住战争年代和和平时期的风雨磨难。这个奇迹我们

24、同时也要归功于罗斯福夫人，罗斯福总统的伟大功勋中有她的一半。”,Text,4 第一夫人的角色，无论多么英勇，对她来说只能算是小试身手。虽然她曾经凭借她在白宫的地位去四处游说，但是掌握大权的毕竟还是总统。此外，正如珀金斯说过的那样，“她也说了一些得罪人的话。”1945年，她丈夫去世之后，罗斯福夫人似乎已经准备要退隐，离开公众的视野。,Text,她对媒体说：“一切都结束了。”但那年的晚些时候，杜鲁门总统邀请埃莉诺出任美国驻联合国代表。她接受了使命，继续努力工作，并且永远改变了女性在美国和全世界所扮演的角色。“绝大多数一辈子当副手的人从来没有机会当一把手，”珀金斯说，“罗斯福夫人有机会当一把手，而且

25、表现得极为出色。”,Text,5 第一届联合国大会的17位女性代表和顾问都把罗斯福夫人视为领袖，而她也不负众望，很快就成为全世界最卓越的人权领袖。作为联合国人权委员会的首任主席，罗斯福监督了世界人权宣言历时两年的起草和通过的全过程。,Text,此外，她和苏联代表的交锋让一位共和党人从椅子上朝前探过身来，说出了下面一番话 因为怕被当成是民主党的支持者，他不愿意透露自己的姓名“如果你想知道我对罗斯福夫人的看法，那我会说她真是了不起！罗斯福夫人有一种独特的能力，能让其他国家的代表清楚地了解我们的立场。要用平常的语言来评价她高超的外交手腕，一时间还真不知道该怎么说。”,Text,6 1952年，当她从

26、联合国代表的位置上卸任时，罗斯福夫人已经是“世界的第一夫人”了。同年去印度访问时，她受到了大批崇拜者的欢迎，潘迪特尼赫鲁向议会介绍她时，说她是“重获新生的人性的杰出代表”。,Text,她去了印度的各大城市，造访了贫民窟，期间她经常和年轻妇女们探讨女性所面临的挑战。她说：“如果一个男人失败了，人们只会说：某某失败了，真是令人遗憾。但是如果一个女人失败了，他们会说：你看，女人就是干不成什么事。女人不应该比男人逊色。”安娜埃莉诺罗斯福从来不满足于同男人并驾齐驱，她要当那个领跑的人。,Text,7 即使到了77岁的高龄，她的风头依然不减当年。1961年，她受肯尼迪总统的任命，再次出任联合国代表，同时她

27、还主持着自己的一档电视节目人类的前途。在一期节目中，她对肯尼迪总统说：“很多女性都对一个问题感兴趣，那就是为什么在我们这个国家女性没有能够在政府中担任更高级别的职务呢？” 8 生活杂志已经把安娜埃莉诺罗斯福列入英雄殿堂，愿您同我们一起来缅怀她非凡的才智和人性的光辉。,Text,Words Mrs Reagan stood for traditional values and concerned herself with charity work and good causes; Mrs Clinton took a far more political role. In the UK the

28、prime ministers wife has not been at all prominent probably because the PM is not head of state and royalty presides at important functions. Mrs Blair was a successful lawyer and was busy with her own career.,Language Points,As more women become leaders, husbands have to find a role. Mrs Thatchers h

29、usband tried to keep out of the limelight. The wives of Japanese royalty are severely restricted in what they may do or say and are said to be very unhappy with their silent role. In countries where leaders are limited to a certain number of years in power, their wives sometimes replace them, eg Eva

30、 Peron and more recent South American examples. Occasionally wives who take on charity work come to outshine their husbands the Princess Diana of Wales.,Language Points,Junior League of New York belongs to the Association of Junior Leagues International which is a non-profit organization of 292 Juni

31、or Leagues in Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the United States. Junior Leagues are educational and charitable womens organizations aimed at improving their communities through volunteerism and building their members civic leadership skills through training.,Language Points,According to its m

32、ission, “The Association of Junior Leagues International Inc. is an organization of women committed to promoting voluntarism, developing the potential of women and improving communities through the effective action and leadership of trained volunteers. Its purpose is exclusively educational and char

33、itable.”,Language Points,纽约青少年联盟,翻译：,come into ones own: receive the recognition for ones powers, abilities, etc, that one deserves; gain independence; show ones true worth （某人的权力、能力等）得到应有的承认；获得自主；显示某人的真正价值 e.g. 1. In the wintry conditions the Norwegian team really came into their own. 在冬天的环境下，挪威队真正

34、能大显身手。 2. His study has not yet come into its own. 他的研究仍然没有得到应有的承认。 3. Mother has come into her own since the children left home, she now works again. 孩子们离家后，母亲得到了自由，她现在又工作了。,Language Points,“I felt certain that somewhere along the line she would stub her toe,” said Perkins, thinking of Washingtons

35、fishbowl atmosphere. Perkins was sure sooner or later she would get into trouble and be criticized. stub ones toe: do damage to oneself or get hurt 伤到自己 a fishbowl atmosphere: everyone can see what is happening in the fishbowl 在没有隐私的环境里,Language Points,翻译：,“我那时候觉得总有一天她会受挫的，”珀金斯说，因为在华盛顿，你的一举一动都在别人的注视

36、之下。,What to lay it to? How can one explain it?,Language Points,翻译：,该如何解释这一切呢？（课文中意思为：这一切归功于什么呢？）, “that a crippled man, victim of a cruel affliction, was able for more than ten years to ride the storms of peace and war at the summit of the US ”,Language Points,“一个双腿残疾、恶疾缠身的人能够领导美国十多年，经受住战争年代和和平时期的风雨

37、磨难”,A man in a wheelchair with a terrible disease could lead his country well both during the Great Depression and World War.,翻译：,the man of the house the head of the family, in this case head of the White House, the president himself. 翻译：,Language Points,总统,play second violin: do not lead or give s

38、olos and be always of lesser importance 居次席，居次要位置 e.g. He is tired of playing second violin to men with less talent. 他讨厌给才能不如他的人当副手。 play first violin: be the leader and take the initiative 居首席；居领导位置,Language Points,look to: depend on someone to provide help, advice etc. 指望，依靠 e.g. 1. We look to you

39、 for support. 我们指望你的支持。 2. Theyre looking to the new manager to make the company profitable. 他们都在指望着新经理能让公司赢利。,Language Points,a representative of resurgent humanity refers to an example of the most admirable and progressive type of person 重获新生的人性的杰出代表 resurgent humanity: recovering from the horrors

40、 of the first half of the 20th century,Language Points,翻译：,set the pace: establish a rate or standard that others have to achieve 起带头作用 e.g. Japanese firms have been setting the pace in electronic engineering. 日本的公司在电子工程方面一直处于领先。,Language Points,induct sb. to / into sth.：officially introduce someone

41、 into an important place of honor at a special ceremony 使正式就任/加入（荣誉组织） e.g. 1. Barry was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1987. 巴里在1987年被列入篮球名人堂。 2. Mr. John was inducted into the office of governor. 约翰先生正式就任州长。,Language Points,count on sb.: depend on someone to do what you want or expec

42、t them to do for you 依靠，指望 e.g. 1. The whole team was counting on me, and I let them down. 整个球队都指望着我，我却令他们失望。 2. I was counting on Jane driving me home. 我指望着简开车送我回家。,Language Points,to the / such an extent that：used for saying that because one thing is happening something else happens 达到的程度 e.g. 1.

43、His business is failing to such an extent that it is losing over 20,000 a year. 他生意失败，达到一年损失两万英镑的地步。 2. Violence increased to the extent that residents were afraid to leave their homes. 暴动加剧，到了居民不敢出门的程度。,Language Points,somewhere (or where) along / down the line ：at some stage 到了某个阶段，某种程度上 e.g. 1. S

44、omewhere along the line vital information has been withheld. 某种程度上，重大消息被隐瞒了。 2. Anthropologists, as far as I know, are still unable to pinpoint just where along the line man and the apes branched into two distant species. 据我所知，人类学家仍然不能准确地断定人与猿究竟在什么时候分成了两种截然不同的种类。,Language Points,Exercises,Reading an

45、d understanding,Dealing with unfamiliar words,Reading and interpreting,Developing critical thinking,Reading and understanding 2. Choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1 Eleanor Roosevelt became a volunteer _. (a) when she met her husband (b) when her husband became President of the US (c) a

46、s a young woman (d) when she saw a homeless man in the street,Exercises,2 When she became the wife of the president _. (a) she gave up her job (b) she began to write for a newspaper (c) she reinvented the role of First Lady (d) she found it difficult to reconcile family life and public affairs,Exerc

47、ises,3 When she held her first press conference _. (a) she didnt allow men to attend (b) she pushed her husband in on a wheelchair (c) she made speeches (d) her involvement in politics shocked people,Exercises,4 While Roosevelt was president, Eleanor _. (a) stayed a full-time wife and mother (b) mad

48、e a lot of people angry (c) defended the rights of women and Afro-Americans (d) became the host of a television programme,Exercises,5 After her husband died she _. (a) retired from public life (b) became the only female delegate to the United Nations (c) helped implement the Universal Declaration of

49、 Human Rights (d) started writing for a newspaper,Exercises,6 In the last years of her life she _. (a) went to live in India (b) continued to promote the rights of women (c) was given a new task by President Kennedy (d) gave up her interest in politics,Exercises,Dealing with unfamiliar words 3. Matc

50、h the words in the box with their definitions. 4. Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3. 5. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. 6. Answer the questions about the words and expressions.,Exercises,3. Match the words in the box w

51、ith their definitions. 1 someone who is chosen to represent a group of other people at a meeting 2 to believe that something is the cause of someone or something else 3 a newspaper or television reporter, especially one who deals with a particular subject or area,Exercises,delegate,ascribe,correspon

52、dent,4 a very high level of skill or ability 5 to control someone or something, often in a negative way, because you have more power or influence 6 used about a feeling or thought you do not realize you have 7 to watch something in order to check that it works in the way that it should,Exercises,gen

53、ius,dominate,unconscious,oversee,4. Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3. Eleanor Roosevelt showed her (1) _ for getting the support of other (2) _ in the UN Assembly. She was a great speaker who knew how to (3) _ important meetings without being seen to (4) _ them

54、. She was also a talented (5) _ and she wrote a daily column for many years. Franklin D. Roosevelts success as president was (6) _ by many to her support and wonderful character. She became involved in politics because of her sense of right and wrong and an (7) _ need to help people.,Exercises,geniu

55、s,delegates,oversee,dominate,correspondent,ascribed,unconscious,5. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 He has been unable to use his legs since birth. 2 We need to call a meeting for world leaders about this issue.,Exercises,crippled,summit,3 The first thing

56、 I read in the newspaper is the regular section about the arts. 4 Our class visit to the United Nations was a wonderful experience. 5 Its important to try to influence politicians about the need to improve transport facilities in our area. 6 How many millions of people live in the very poor areas of

57、 Mumbai?,Exercises,column,marvelous,lobby,slums,6. Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1 In a fishbowl atmosphere, are you (a) likely, or (b) unlikely to see what everyone is doing? 2 Is a mishap a (a) positive, or (b) negative experience? 3 If you have a humane attitude, are you (

58、a) kind and caring, or (b) cruel and uncaring? 4 If you win over someone to your cause, do you (a) defeat them, or (b) persuade them to join you?,Exercises,6. Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1 In a fishbowl atmosphere, are you (a) likely, or (b) unlikely to see what everyone is

59、 doing? 2 Is a mishap a (a) positive, or (b) negative experience? 3 If you have a humane attitude, are you (a) kind and caring, or (b) cruel and uncaring? 4 If you win over someone to your cause, do you (a) defeat them, or (b) persuade them to join you?,5 Does an affliction make your life (a) easy, or (b) difficult? 6