电力电子英文课件

1、Power Electronics,Chapter 1 Introduction,Outline,What is power electronics? The history Applications A simple example About this course,What is power electronics?,Definition Relation with information electronics The interdisciplinary nature Position and significance in the human society,Power Electr

2、onics: A more exact explanation:,is the electronics applied to conversion and control of electric power. Range of power scale : milliwatts(mW) megawatts(MW) gigawatts(GW),Definition,The primary task of power electronics is to process and control the flow of electric energy by supplying voltages and

3、currents in a form that is optimally suited for user loads.,Conversion of electric power,Other names for electric power converter: -Power converter -Converter -Switching converter -Power electronic circuit -Power electronic converter,Frequency, magnitude, number of phases,AC (Alternating Current),Ma

4、gnitude,DC(Direct Current),Changeable properties in conversion,Two types of electric power,Classification of power converters,Power output,Power input,Power electronic system,Generic structure of a power electronic system,Power Converter,Power output,Power input,Controller,Feedforward/Feedback,Feedb

5、ack/Feedforward,Reference (commanding),( measurements of output signals ),( measurements of input signals ),Control is invariably required. Power converter along with its controller including the corresponding measurement and interface circuits, is also called power electronic system.,Control input,

6、Typical power sources and loads for a power electronic system,The task of power electronics has been recently extended to also ensuring the currents and power consumed by power converters and loads to meet the requirement of electric energy sources.,-Electric Motor -light -heating -power converter -

7、other electric or electronic equipment,Power Converter,Source,Power input,Power output,Load,Controller,Reference,-Electric utility -battery -other electric energy source -power converter,Feedback/ Feed forward,A Classification of electronics by processing object,Relation with information electronics

8、,Other classifications of electronics,The interdisciplinary nature,William E. Newells description,Power electronics is the interface between electronics and power.,Relation with multiple disciplines,Power electronics is currently the most active discipline in electric power engineering worldwide.,Po

9、sition and significance in the human society,Electric power is used in almost every aspect and everywhere of modern human society. Electric power is the major form of energy source used in modern human society. The objective of power electronics is exactly about how to use electric power, and how to

10、 use it effectively and efficiently, and how to improve the quality and utilization of electric power. Power electronics and information electronics make two poles of modern technology and human society information electronics is the brain,and power electronics is the muscle.,The history,The thread

11、of the power electronics history precisely follows and matches the break-through and evolution of power electronic devices,late 1980s,mid 1970s,1957,1900,Mercury arc rectifier Vacuum-tube rectifier Thyratron,Invention of Thyristor,Power diode Thyristor,Application of fast-switching fully-controlled

12、semiconductor devices,GTO GTR Power MOSFET Thyristor (microprocessor),IGBT Power MOSFET Thyristor (DSP),Pre-history,1st phase,2nd phase,3rd phase,Applications,Industrial Transportation Utility systems Power supplies for all kinds of electronic equipment Residential and home appliances Space technolo

13、gy Other applications,Industrial applications,Motor drives Electrolysis Electroplating Induction heating Welding Arc furnaces and ovens Lighting,Transportation applications,Trains & locomotives Subways Trolley buses Magnetic levitation Electric vehicles Automotive electronics Ship power systems Airc

14、raft power systems,Utility systems applications,High-voltage dc transmission(HVDC) Flexible ac transmission(FACTS) Static var compensation & harmonics suppression: TCR, TSC, SVG, APF Custom power & power quality control Supplemental energy sources : wind, photovoltaic, fuel cells Energy storage syst

15、ems,Power supplies for electronic equipment,Telecommunications Computers Office equipment Electronic instruments Portable or mobile electronics,server,computer,Telecommunication,Residential and home appliances,Lighting Heating Air conditioning Refrigeration & freezers Cooking Cleaning Entertaining,A

16、pplications in space technology,Spaceship power systems Satellite power systems Space vehicle power systems,Other applications,Nuclear reactor control Power systems for particle accelerators Environmental engineering,Trends,It is estimated that in developed countries now 60% of the electric energy g

17、oes through some kind of power electronics converters before it is finally used.,reduction of energy consumption leads to less pollution reduction of pollution produced by power converters direct applications to environment protection technology,Power electronics has been making major contributions

18、to: -better performance of power supplies and better control of electric equipment -energy saving -environment protection,A simple example,A simple dc-dc converter example,Input source:100V Output load:50V, 10A, 500W How can this converter be realized?,Dissipative realization,Resistive voltage divid

19、er,Dissipative realization,Series pass regulator: transistor operates in active region,Use of a SPDT switch,SPDT: Single pole double throw,The switch changes the dc voltage level,Addition of low pass filter,Addition of (ideally lossless) L-C low-pass filter, for removal of switching harmonics:,Choos

20、e filter cutoff frequency f0 much smaller than switching frequency fs This circuit is known as the “buck converter”,Addition of control system for regulation of output voltage,Major issues in power electronics,How to meet the requirement of the load or gain better control of the load How to improve the efficiency -for reliable operation of power semiconductor devices -for energy saving How to realize power conversion with less volume, less weight, and less cost How to reduce negative influence