大学英语精读4

1、2.Warm-upExercises,5.BackgroundInformation,Deer,BR_MAIN,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,3.AQuiz,1.WordWeb,4.AnEnglishSong,EnergyCrisis,EcologicalSystem(Ecosystem),BeforeReading_1_1,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,WordWeb,Directions:Whatwordswilloccur

2、toyouwheneverwementiontheword“energy”？Writedownasmanywordsaspossibleaboutit.,ENERGY,heat,solarenergy,wind,coal,gas,oil,atomicenergy,nuclearenergy,energyresources,energycrisis,conservationofenergy,wind,fossil,BeforeReading_2_1.1,Warm-upExercises,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReadin

3、g,Tips:,Directions:Watchthevideoandwritedownthekindsofenergymentioned.,Small-scalesystemstaptheenergyofflowingwater.Thesearenottobeconfusedwithbigdamprojectswhichtotallytransformecosystems,wreakingenvironmentalhavoc.,MICRO-HYDRO:,flowingwater,solar,chemical,reaction,nuclear,BeforeReading_2_1.2,Befor

4、eReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,WINDPOWER:,FOSSILFUELS:,Anancientsourceundergoingarevivalwithmodernturbinetechnology,Derivedfromlong-deadorganicandanimalmatter.Oil,coal,andnaturalgasareallfossilfuels.,BeforeReading_2_1.3,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,SO

5、LARENERGY:,Thesunspowercanbeharnessedinvariousways:byusingphotovoltaiccellstogenerateelectricitydirectly;byusingthermalcollectorstomakesteamtogenerateelectricity;byusingpassivesolarmaterialsthatmaximizeorretainthesunsheat.,BIOMASS:,Biomassisvegetalororganicmaterialincludingdungandplantsandbiofuelsar

6、ethesolidorliquidorgaseousfuelsthatderivefromit.Wood,methaneandalcoholareallbiofuels.,BeforeReading_2_1.4,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,NUCLEARENERGY:,Currentlyproducedby”fission”.Anatomissplitusinguraniumandtheheatproduceddrivessteamturbinestogenerateelectricity.,BeforeRe

7、ading_3_1,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,AQuiz,Directions:Giveeachiteminthequizanumberfrom1to5,andaddupthenumbersfromthequiztoseeHow“Green”YouAre?,1=always2=often3=sometimes4=hardlyever5=neverDoyou.?()1.avoidthrowingthingsawayiftheycanbereused,repairedorrecycled()2.userecyc

8、ledpaper()3.recyclepaper,glass,andcans()4.avoidproductsfromnonrenewablesources()5.avoidbuyingoverpackagedproducts()6.walkoruseabikewhentravelingshortdistances()7.usepublictransportationwhentravelinglongdistances()8.avoidusingair-conditioninginthesummer()9.trytomakesuretheheatisntturneduptoohighinthe

9、winter()10.uselow-energylightbulbs()11.turnoffthelightswhenyouleavearoom()12.avoidusingmorewaterthanyouneed,BeforeReading_3_2,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Tips:Theinterpretationofyourquizscoreis:,12-23,24-35,36-47,48-60,BeforeReading_4_1,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,Detail

10、edReading,AfterReading,AnEnglishSong,Directions:Listentothesongandfillintheblanks.,Green,GreenGrassofHomeTheoldhometownlooksthesame,AsIfromthetrain.Andtheretomeetmeismymammaandmypapa.DowntheroadIlook,andthererunsMary,Hairofgoldandlipslike,Itsgoodtotouchthe.Yes,theyllallcometomeetme,Armsa-reachin,Its

11、goodtotouchthegreen,greengrassofhome.,stepdown,_,cherries,_,green,greengrassofhome,_,smilingsweetly,_,Theoldhouseisstillstanding,Thoughthepaintis.Andtheresthatoldoaktree,ThatIusedtoplayon.IllwalkwithmysweetMary,Hairofgoldandlipslikecherries.Itsgoodtotouchthegreen,greengrassofhome.ThenIaroundme,Atthe

12、fourgraywallsthatsurroundme,AndIrealize.YesIwas,Fortheresaguardandtheresasadoldpadre,wellwalkatdaybreak,AgainIlltouchthegreen,greengrassofhome.Yestheyllallcometoseemethatoldoaktree,Astheylaymemeetthegreen,greengrassofhome.,BeforeReading_4_2,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,cr

13、ackedanddry,_,Downthelane,_,awakeandlook,_,onlydreaming,_,Arminarm,_,intheshadeof,_,BeforeReading_5_1,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,BackgroundInformation,Directions:Listentothefollowingpassage，writedownthewordsyouthinkimportant,thenretellthestoryaccordingtowhatyouveheard.,

14、1.Deer,Thereareabout100differentkindsofdeer.Someliveingrasslands.Othersliveinforests.Thefemaledeerbecomespregnantannuallyinlateautumn,producingonetothreeyounginlatespringorearlysummer.Thenormallifespanis15to20years.,BeforeReading_5_2,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Direction

15、s:Listentothefollowingpassage，writedownthewordsyouveheard.,2.EnergyCrisis,Energycrisisreferstoacriticalinthesupplyofenergy-producingfuels,suchasgas,oil,and.Duringtheearly1970s,thedemandforpetroleumincreased,andWesterncountriesdependedheavilyonimported.ThesituationbecameworseduringtheArab-IsraeliWaro

16、f1973,whentheArabnationstotheUnitedStatesandothercountriesthatIsrael,causinganacuteenergyshortageinthesecountriesduringthewinterof1973to1974.,shortage,_,coal,_,sharply,_,supplies,_,reduced,_,supported,_,oilproductionandembargoedoilshipments,BeforeReading_5_3,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReadi

17、ng,AfterReading,Directions:Readthefollowingpassageandfillintheblankswiththehelpofthewordsgivenbelow.,3.EcologicalSystem(Ecosystem),Asystemismadeupofagroupoflivingorganismsandtheirphysicalenvironment,andtherelationshipbetweenthem.Apond,a,aforestoranoceanmaybean.Anecosystemincludessuchasfoodsupply,wea

18、therand.Anychangeinenvironmenthasfar-reachingonlivingthings.Theclearingofaforest,forexample,maybirdsandaffectdrainage(排水).Withoutbirdstokeepundercontrol,theinsectsandmaydoseriousdamagetocrops.Withouttreestoholdbackrainwater,erosionmaysetinandruin.,lake,_,effectsecosystemharmfulinsectsnaturalenemiesf

19、actorsdriveawayfarmlandlakemultiply,ecosystem,_,naturalenemies,_,factors,_,effects,_,driveaway,_,harmfulinsects,_,multiply,_,farmland,_,GlobeReading_main,1.Scanning,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,2.PartDivisionoftheText,ForPart1,ForPart2,QuestionsandAnswers,BlankFilling,Que

20、stionsandAnswers,3.FurtherUnderstanding,ForPart3,GlobeReading_1,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Scanning,Directions:Scanthetextanddiscussinpairs,listthefactsaboutthelifeofdeerinfourseasons.,eatasmuchastheycan,storingtheexcessintheformoffat;activeingrowing,reproducingorstorin

21、gfatadultmales:growantlersandgetfatadultfemales:givebirthtoyoung;producemilkfawns:becomelessdependentontheirmothersmilkandbegintosearchforgrowingplantsasfood,1.Summer:,continuetoeathighqualityfoodinordertodepositfatforthewinter,2.Fall:,reducetheiractivity,growawintercoatofhair,andlowertheirmetabolis

22、m;usethereservesoffattosurvivethecoldwinter,3.Winter:,becomeactiveagain,4.Spring:,GlobalReading_2,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,PartDivisionoftheText,MainIdeas,Parts,1,2,3,Itisenergy,notloveormoney,thatmakestheworldgoround.,Takethedeerasanexampletoexplainthelifeofwildanima

23、lsroundtheyearandhowtheycansurviveduringthehardtimesinwinter.,Lifedependsonenergy,thusthecyclecontinues.,Para.,1,29,1011,GlobeReading_3.1,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,BlankFilling,Directions:Readthefirstpartofthetextcarefully,thenfillintheblanks.,Somepersonssaythatlovemak

24、estheworld.Othersofalessromanticandmorepracticalsaythatitisntlove;itsmoney.Butthetruthisthatitisthatmakestheworldgoround.Energyistheoftheecologicalsystemandlifebecomespossibleonlywhenfoodisenergy,whichisusedtoseekmorefoodtogrow,toreproduceandtosurvive.Onthiscyclealllife,goround,_,turnofmind,_,energy

25、,_,currency,_,convertedinto,_,inturn,_,depends,_.,GlobeReading_3.2.2,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,QuestionsandAnswers,1.Howdowildanimalssurvivethehardtimesinwinter?,Theyeatasmuchastheycanduringtimesofplenty,thesummerandthefall,storingtheexcess,usuallyintheformoffat,andthe

26、nusingthesereservesoffattosurviveduringthehardtimesinwinterwhenfoodisscarce.,2.Whatisthebesttimeformilkproduction?,Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.,3.Whatistheuseoffatdeeraccumulateinsummerandfall?,Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsupp

27、liesarelimitedandsometimesaredifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.,4.Whatchangestakeplaceindeerwhenwinterdrawsnear?,Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthedeerbecomesdarkerandthicker.,GlobeReading_3.2.3,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,5.Whatfurthersafeguarddoesnatureprovidetohel

28、pdeersurvivethewinter?,Theyhaveaninternalphysiologicalresponsewhichlowerstheirmetabolism,orrateofbodilyfunctioning,andhenceslowsdowntheirexpenditureofenergy.,6.Whatchangestakeplaceindeersbehaviorwhentheylowertheirmetabolism?,Theirbehaviorchangesfrommoreactivitiesinsummerandfalltolessaswinterprogress

29、es.,7.Whatwillhappentodeerifdeepsnowscomeandtheweatherremainscoldforalongtime?,Somewilldie.,8.Whatisthefundamentalruleoflifeforwild,freewanderinganimals?,Onlythelargestandstrongestarelikelytosurvivethesurvivalofthefittest.,GlobeReading_3.3,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Que

30、stionsandAnswers,Whatconclusiondoestheauthorsupply?,Lifedependsonenergy,andthusthecyclecontinues.,Article_S,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Isthereanythingwecanlearnfromdeer?Duringthe“energycrisis”of19731974thewriterofthisessaywaslivinginnorthernMinnesotaandwasabletoobserveh

31、owdeersurvivewhenwinterarrives.Thelessonshelearnsaboutthewaydeerconserveenergyturnoutapplicabletooureverydaylife.,Itisfairlywellknownthatwildanimalssurvivefromyeartoyearbyeatingasmuchastheycanduringtimesofplenty,thesummerandfall,storingtheexcess,usuallyintheformoffat,andthenusingthesereservesoffatto

32、surviveduringthehardtimesinwinterwhenfoodisscarce.But,itisprobablylesswellknown,Somepersonssaythatlovemakestheworldgoround.Othersofalessromanticandmorepracticalturnofmindsaythatitisntlove;itsmoney.Butthetruthisthatitisenergythatmakestheworldgoround.Energyisthecurrencyoftheecologicalsystemandlifebeco

33、mespossibleonlywhenfoodisconvertedintoenergy,whichinturnisusedtoseekmorefoodtogrow,toreproduceandtosurvive.Onthiscyclealllifedepends.,Article1_S,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,DeerandtheEnergyCycleAaronN.Moen,occursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming

34、,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocessitrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.,Article2_S,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Agoodcaseinpointisthewhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhen

35、thereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbodysneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.Thebestmilkproduction,thatevenwiththeirs

36、toredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.,Asthesummerprogressesandthefawnsgrow,theybecomelessdependentontheirmothersmilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources.Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat.Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallino

37、rdertodepositbodyfatforthewinter.Inthecaseofdoesandfawns,agreatdealofenergyisexpendedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing,andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales.Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.,Ar

38、ticle3_S,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Asfallturnsintowinter,otherchangestakeplace.Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthedeerbecomesdarkerandthicker.ThechangeinthehaircoatsisusuallycompletebySeptemberandmaximumhairdepthsarereachedbyNovemberorDecemberwhentheweatherbecomesco

39、ld.,Butinaddition,natureprovidesafurthersafeguardtohelpdeersurvivethewinteraninternalphysiologicalresponsewhichlowerstheirmetabolism,orrateofbodilyfunctioning,andhenceslowsdowntheirexpenditureofenergy.Thedeerbecomesomewhatslowanddrowsy.Theheartratedrops.Animalsthathibernatepracticeenergyconservation

40、toagreaterextremethandeerdo.Althoughdeerdonthibernate,theydothesamethingwiththeirseasonalrhythmsinmetabolism.Deerspendmoreenergyandstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenfoodisabundant,andspendlessenergyandusestoredfatinthewinterwhenfoodislessavailable.,Article4_S,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,

41、AfterReading,Whenthe“energycrisis”firstcamein19731974,IwaslivingwithmyfamilyinacabinontheedgeofanareawheredeerspendthewinterinnorthernMinnesota,observingthedeerastheirbehaviorchangedfrommoreactivityinsummerandfalltolessaswinterprogressed,followedbyanincreaseagain,Article5_S,BeforeReading,GlobalReadi

42、ng,DetailedReading,AfterReading,inthespringasthesnowmelted.Itwasinterestingandratheramusingtolistentotheadvicegivenontheradio:“Driveonlywhennecessary,”weweretold.“Putonmoreclothestostaywarm,andturnthethermostatonyourfurnacedown.”Meanwhilewewatchedthedeerreducetheiractivity,growawintercoatofhair,andr

43、educetheirmetabolismastheyhaveforthousandsofyears.Itisbiologicallyreasonablefordeertoreducetheircostoflivingtoincreasetheirchancesofsurvivinginwinter.Noteverywinteriscriticalfordeerofcourse.Ifthewinterhaslightsnow,survivalandproductivitynextspringwillbehigh.Butifdeepsnowscomeandtheweatherremainscold

44、forseveralweeks,thenthedeermustspendmoreenergytomoveabout,foodwillbehardertofind,andtheymustthendependmoreontheirfatreservestopullthemthrough.Ifsuchconditionsgoonfortoolongsomewilldie,andonlythelargestandstrongestarelikelytosurvive.Thatisafundamentalruleoflifeforwild,freewanderinganimalssuchasdeer.,

45、Article6,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Yes,lifeanddeath,tooisacyclethatgoesroundandround,andwhenanimalsdietheirbodiesbecomefoodforotherlifeformstousebyconvertingthemintoenergy.Andthecyclecontinues.,turnofmind:adj.acharacteristictendencyorwayofthinking性情;气质倾向,才能Hehasanoptim

46、isticturnofmind.因为他的想法奇怪，行为也和别人极为不同。Withaverypeculiarturnofmind,hebehavesverydifferentlyfromanyoneelse.,convertinto:1)changeinto转变,转化Onelasteffortconverteddefeatintovictory.Thehotelhasbeenconvertedintoanofficebuilding.2)cause(aperson)tochangehisbeliefs,etc.皈依;改变信仰他们已经改信佛教。TheyhaveconvertedtoBuddhism

47、.,reserve:1.n.1)sth.keptforlateruse贮藏;储备有些动物在秋季储备大量的食物，以防冬季挨饿。Someanimalskeepagreatreserveoffoodinfalltokeepfromstarvinginwinter.2)apieceoflandkeptfora(stated)purpose保护区Lawsandregulationsaremadetoprotectthewildlifereserves.他在自然保护区拍了很多狮子的照片。Hetookalotofphotosofthelionsinthenaturereserves.2.vt.keepfor

48、specialpurpose保留，预订这些座位是留给贵宾的。Theseseatsarereservedforspecialguests.,agoodcaseinpoint:agoodexampleofwhatisbeingtalkedabout一个恰当的例子Heisratherselfish.Hisunwillingnesstohelphisbrotherisagoodcaseinpoint.Lackofcommunicationcausesseriousproblemsandtheirmarriageisacaseinpoint.Collocation:incase以防；如果；倘若incas

49、eof倘使inanycase无论如何innocase决不,conceive:vt.1)becomepregnantwith(young)DeerusuallyconceiveinNovember.鹿通常在十一月份怀胎。2)form(anidea,plan)inthemind;thinkof;imagine想出（主意、计划等）；构想,设想Iconceivedthattheremustbesomedifficulties.我料想到一定有些困难。,givebirthto:bear,bringforth,produce生;引起,产生Shegavebirthtoafinehealthybaby.她生了一

50、个健康可爱的婴儿。Thescientistsexperimentsgavebirthtoanewdrug.那位科学家的实验产生了一种新药。,deposit:vt.putorstoreforsafekeeping;keep(money)inabank存放;交与保管她刚刚把一大笔钱存到她的帐户上。Shehadjustdepositedalargesumofmoneyinheraccount.Hedepositedhisreturnedbookswiththelibrarian.他把归还的书交给图书管理员。Collocation:depositin在存储depositwith把交给保管,expend

51、:vt.spendoruseupThestudentsexpendedmuchcareontheirgraduationpapers.expend,spend进度按你这样的工作速度,你绝对做不完。Attherateyouwork,youllneverfinish.speed,rateitsmoney.Butthetruthisthatitisenergythatmakestheworldgoround.Energyisthecurrencyoftheecologicalsystemandlifebecomespossibleonlywhenfoodisconvertedintoenergy,w

52、hichinturnisusedtoseekmorefoodtogrow,toreproduceandtosurvive.Onthiscyclealllifedepends.,DeerandtheEnergyCycleAaronN.Moen,Itisfairlywellknownthatwildanimalssurvivefromyeartoyearbyeatingasmuchastheycanduringtimesofplenty,thesummerandfall,storingtheexcess,usuallyintheformoffat,andthenusingthesereserves

53、offattosurviveduringthehardtimesinwinterwhenfoodisscarce.But,itisprobablylesswellknown,Article2_W,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Agoodcaseinpointisthewhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable

54、.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbodysneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.Thebestmilkproduction,occursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisg

55、oodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocessitrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.,thatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.,Article3_W,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Asthesummerprogre

56、ssesandthefawnsgrow,theybecomelessdependentontheirmothersmilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources.Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat.Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinter.Inthecaseofdoesandfawns,agreatdealofenergyisexp

57、endedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing,andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales.Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.,Asfallturnsintowinter,otherchangestakeplace.Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthe

58、deerbecomesdarkerandthicker.ThechangeinthehaircoatsisusuallycompletebySeptemberandmaximumhairdepthsarereachedbyNovemberorDecemberwhentheweatherbecomescold.,Article4_W,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Butinaddition,natureprovidesafurthersafeguardtohelpdeersurvivethewinteraninternalphysiologicalresponsewhichlowerstheirmetabolism,orrateofbodilyfunctioning,andhenceslowsdowntheirexpenditureofenergy.Thedeerbecomesomewhatslowanddrowsy.Theheartratedrops.Animalsthathibernatepracticeenergyconservationtoagreaterextremethandeerdo.Althoughdeerdonthibernate,theydoth