综合英语4,unit 2ppt课件

1、SpaceInvader,Onthesubway,openspacescreateazoneofcomfort.,ArmrestsonalongbenchinCentralParkallowforamplebreathingroom.,InUnionSquare,afewfeetbetweenwomengoesalongwaytowardeasingtensionsaboutbeinginabusyarea.,SPACEINVADERS,Pre-readingquestionsWhatisthedefinitionof“personalspace”?Ispersonalspaceimporta

2、nttoyou?Whyorwhynot?Arethereanyexampleswhenyouhavefeltthatyourpersonalspacewasbeinginvaded.Canyoudescribethese?Howdidyoufeelwhenthishappened?,Whatispersonalspace?,Personalspacecanbeviewedasanextensionofthehumanbody.Thereredifferenttypes/zonesofpersonalspace.Whatarethem?Therearefourdistinctzonesofper

3、sonalspace:theintimatezone,forwhisperingandembracing;thepersonalzone,forconversingwithclosefriends;thesocialzone,forconversingwithacquaintances;andthepubliczone,forinteractingwithstrangers.,Personalspacecanbeimaginedasakindofbubblesurroundingapersonthatprotectshisorherprivacyandwhichotherpeoplemayno

4、tnormallyenter.Allowingsomebodytogetverycloseandenteryourpersonalspacemaybeasignoftrustorlove.Ontheotherhand,intrudingotherspersonalspacecanberatheroffensive.Theamountofspacepeopleneedtofeelaroundthemvarieswithvariousfactors,suchasculture,sex,familiaritybetweenpeople,crowdednessofthesituation,etc.Fo

5、rexample:,Culturalinformation1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,peoplefromculturesthatlikealotofpersonalspacefeelawkwardandembarrassedwhensomebodycomestooclosetothem;peopleofthesamesexmaysitorstandclosertoeachotherthantosomebodyoftheoppositesex;strangersandcasualacquaintancesusuallyneedmore

6、spacethanfriendsandmembersofthesamefamilywhoknoweachotherwell;inanoisystreetpeoplemayneedtostandcloserthantheywouldnormally,simplyinordertoheareachother.,Culturalinformation2,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,Is“personalspace”atermoftheseventies?Isitoutofdatenowadays?Canyouthinkofanyothertro

7、ublewehavenowadays?,Structuralanalysis,PartI,(Paragraphs12):Thewritercallsthereadersattentiontotheinvasionofpersonalspacebyrelatinganexperienceofhowhispersonalspacewasinvaded.,PartII,(Paragraphs37):Thewriteranalyzessomelikelycausesoftheshrinkageofpersonalspace,andattributestheinvasionofpersonalspace

8、tothegeneraldeclineofgoodmanners.,PartIII,(Paragraph89):Theauthorpresentshisviewabouttheessenceofpersonalspace,i.e.itispsychological,ratherthanphysical,andurgespeopleto“expandthecontractingboundariesofpersonalspace”.,1.untilwewereallhugger-mugger.likeaSlinky.(Paragraph1)2.Thephrase“personalspace”has

9、aquaint,.(Paragraph2)3.Ivewonderedifitstheseason:,muchless).(Paragraph4)4.Orperhapstheproliferation.keeptothemselves.(Paragraph4)5.weallowallkinds.withoutthem.)(Paragraph5)6.“Donttreadonme”.withaspread.(Paragraph5),sentenceparaphrase,7.Thelogisticsofitvaryaccordingtogeography.(Paragraph5)8.Thedeclin

10、eofmannershasbeenwidelylamented.(Paragraph6)9.Ivealsonoticedan.manifestdestiny.(Paragraph7)10.individualsroutinelycommandeerboothsandsetsoffacingseatsmeantforfoursomes.(Paragraph7)11.personalspaceispsychological,notphysical:.innerspace.(Paragraph8)12.Inthesamewaythatthebreeze.boundariesofpersonalspa

11、ce.(Paragraph9),sentenceparaphrase,Detailedreading1untilwewere,1.untilwewereallhugger-muggeragainsteachother,theoriginallazylinehavingcollapsedinonitselflikeaSlinky.(Paragraph1),Paraphrase:,untilwewereallpushingagainsteachother,leavingthelineindisorder.,Detailedreading,2.Thephrase“personalspace”hasa

12、quaint,seventiesringtoit.(Paragraph2),Thephrase“personalspace”soundsold-fashionedandremindsoneoftheseventies.,Paraphrase:,Detailedreading4.Ivewondered,3.Ivewonderedifitstheseason:T-shirtweathercanmakeproximitymorealluring(ormuch,muchless).(Paragraph4),Paraphrase:,.ithaspassedthroughmymindthatmaybeth

13、ecause(ofthespaceinvasion)istheseason:summermaymakepeoplewanttobeclosertothosewhosephysicalattractionisrevealedbylightsummerclothing(thoughitmayalsomakethemwishtomovefurtherawayfromthosesmellingunpleasantlyofperspiration).,Detailedreading,Detailedreading4Orperhaps,4.Orperhapstheproliferationofcoffee

14、barsinManhattanisinfusingsomuchcaffeineintothealreadyjanglinglocalsthatpeoplecannolongerkeeptothemselves.(Paragraph4),Paraphrase:,OrperhapstheincreasingcoffeebarsinManhattan.attractmoreandmorepeople,whoarestimulatedandexcitedbythecaffeinetheytakein,sothattheybecomeeagertomeetothersandnolongerwanttor

15、emaininprivate.,Detailedreading,Detailedreading5weallow,5.weallowallkindsofinvasionsofpersonalspaceinprivate.(Humanitywouldntexistwithoutthem.)(Paragraph5),Paraphrase:,privatelyweallowpeoplewithwhomwehavecloserelationshipstoenterourpersonalspaceinavarietyofways.(Indeed,intheabsenceofsexualintimacy,n

16、oneofuswouldbehere.),Detailedreading,Detailedreading5Thelogistics,7.Thelogisticsofitvaryaccordingtogeography.(Paragraph5),Paraphrase:,Peopleindifferentregionsaregivendifferentsizesofpersonalspace.,Detailedreading,6.“Donttreadonme”couldhavebeencoinedonlybysomeonewithaspread.(Paragraph5),“Dontstepinto

17、myspace.”Thiscouldonlyhavebeeninventedbypeoplewhohaveafarmandthusalargespacealltheirown.,Paraphrase:,Detailedreading6Thedeclineof,8.Thedeclineofmannershasbeenwidelylamented.(Paragraph6),Paraphrase:,Manyhaveexpressedregretatthedeteriorationofmanners.,Detailedreading,Detailedreading7Ivealsonoticed,9.I

18、vealsonoticedanincreaseintheranksofwhatIthinkofasspaceinvaders,mini-territorialexpansionistswhoseizepublicspacewithasenseofmanifestdestiny.(Paragraph7),Paraphrase:,Ivealsonoticedthattheproblemofspaceinvasionhasbecomemoreandmoreserious,andthatspaceinvaders,actinginthewayterritorialexpansionistsusuall

19、ydo,takeitforgrantedthattheyhavetherighttoseizepublicspace.,Detailedreading,Detailedreading6-7.individualsroutinely,10.individualsroutinelycommandeerboothsandsetsoffacingseatsmeantforfoursomes.(Paragraph7),Paraphrase:,.individuals,asusual,occupytheboothsandseatswhicharedesignedforfourpeople.,Detaile

20、dreading,Detailedreading8personalspace,11.personalspaceispsychological,notphysical:ithaslesstodowiththespaceoutsideusthanwithourinnerspace.(Paragraph8),Paraphrase:,.personalspaceismoreapsychologicalmatterthanaphysicalone.Asfaraswefeelcomfortableinourmind,itdoesnotmatterwhetherourphysicalpersonalspac

21、eislargeorsmall.,Detailedreading,Detailedreading9Inthesame,12.InthesamewaythatthebreezefromabutterflyswingsinJapanmayeventuallyproduceatidalwaveinCalifornia,Ihavedecidedtoexpandthecontractingboundariesofpersonalspace.(Paragraph9),Paraphrase:,Theauthorhopesthathisownstandagainsttheshrinkingofpersonal

22、space,whilesmallinitself,willnonethelesseventuallyhaveadramaticeffectinthesamewayasthebreezefromabutterflyswingsinJapan,ifitinitiatesachainofwaves,mayeventuallyproduceatidalwaveinCalifornia.,Detailedreading,Detailedstudy-Para.1,Theauthorisverycarefulwithhischoiceofwordsinhisdescription.Describetheac

23、tionsinwords.Aseriesofverbphrasesandadverbsareusedtovividlydescribetheprocess.,TextAnalysis-Part,Iwasatthebank,Iwasstandinginalinesnakingaroundsometiredvelvetrope.,drooping,loosenedorslackened,AmurderousknifeThosepurposelessdaysCarrieleadsquiteabusylife.西雅图不眠夜SleeplessSeatleTransferredepithet:inwhic

24、perlymodifyingonenounisshiftedtoanothernouninthesamesentence.Eg:theworkersarerepairingthebuildingonadizzyheight.Hewasashamedofhishumblescoresantheexamination.,移位修饰(transferredepithet),将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词。例如：Therewasashort,thoughtfulsilence.出现了一阵短暂的、令人沉思的寂静。Theoldmanputareassuringhan

25、donmyshoulder.老人把一只令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上。Heclosedhisbusylifeattheageofsixty.在六十岁时他结束了他那忙碌的一生。Thisisthecheapestmarketinthiscountry.这是这个国家最便宜的市场了。,Vividdescription,1.amaninasweat-suit;2.me;3.thewomanreadingtheWallStreetJournal;4.themanscribblingacheck;5.white-hairedlady,inchingtoward,advancedtoward,sidleupto,

26、shuffledtoward,inhiseagerness,minutely,inmildannoyance,absent-mindedly,Chaineffects:causechaos,Weweresohugger-mugger.,“theoriginallazylinehavingcollapsedinonitselflikeaSlinky.”,slowalinethatisnotstraightandordered,原本松松垮垮的队伍早已挤做一团，跟压缩的弹簧似的。,Slinkyasatoy,“机灵鬼”，一种用软弹簧做成的会翻跟头的玩具,slinkyasadj.,Sextuallyat

27、tractive,Self-learning-inch,sidle,inchforward,past,through:v.moveslowlyandcarefullyinaspecifieddirectionHeinchedhiswaythroughanarrowpassage.sidleover/uptosb.sidlealong,past,away:v.walkinaquietorcautiousway,asifyoudontwantanyonetonoticeyouAmansidleduptomeandaskedifIwantedaticketforthematch.,shuffle,v

28、.walkwithoutliftingyourfeetproperlyoffthegroundHeslippedonhisshoesandshuffledoutoftheroom.shufflearound:v.moveyourfeetaboutwhilestandingormoveyourbottomaroundwhilesitting,oftenbecauseyoufeeluncomfortableorembarrassed.Sheshuffledaroundinherchair.Heshuffledthequestionoffandchangedthetopic.Sheshuffledo

29、utofthechoresbysayingthatshewasill.,Translation,囚犯们沿着走廊拖着脚步进入牢房。Theprisonersshuffledalongthecorridorandintotheircells.他一向总是能狡猾地摆脱任何困难，我们不知道他这回又要耍什么花招。Hesalwaysbeenabletoshuffleoutofanydifficulty.Wedontknowhowhewilldothistime.物价在缓慢下降.Pricesareinchingdown.,Para.2-personalspace,Whatisthewriterspersonal

30、space?18/1foot/10/”impossibletomeasure”“hasaquaint,seventiesringtoit.”“Likethetwelevelimitaroundnationalshores”“ourindividualborderwhichnostrangercanpenetratewithoutmakingusuneasy”,1inch=2.54cm1foot=30cm,Analogy类比,Whatis“personalspace”?,“Imaginarybubble”-feelcomfortable；“individualboundaryorterrotor

31、y”-morephychlogicalthanphisical;Moveable/changeable,Proxemics(空间关系学),ThestudyofthedistancebetweenpeopleastheyinteractIncloseproximityto,Zonesforpersonalspace,Intimatedistance:(0-1.5feet)betweenclosefriends,familymembers;showaffection,givecomfortorprotect.Personaldistance:(1.5-4feet)mostconversation.

32、Socialdistance/:(4-10feet)lesspersonalsituations,inbusinessorworkshop.Publicdistance:(10feet)lecture,churches,publicgathering.,Paraphrase,Thephrase“personalspace”hasaquaint,seventiesringtoit,butitisoneofthosegratifyingexpressionsthatareintuitivelyunderstoodbyallhumanbeings.Thephrasesoundsold-fashion

33、edandremindspeopleofseventies,butitisanexpressionthatwillmakepeoplefeelsatisfiedandthatisinstinctivelyunderstood.,ring,singularaparticularqualitythatsomethingsuchasastatementseemstohave:Heraccounthasaringofauthenticityaboutit.havearingoftruth:Hisversionofeventshadaringoftruth.haveafamiliarring:Thiss

34、torymayhaveafamiliarringtoit.,TextAnalysis-Part,Para.3-examplesofspaceinvasion,Inourdailylife,canyougivesomeexamplesofpersonalspaceinvasion?Funnyexamples:howcloseistooclose?Examplesinthetext:Inelevators;onthestreet;onthesubway;inlinesattheairportWedgein,zigzag,jostle,nolongercarveoutzones,pressforwa

35、rd,Buses,elevators,theatresandmanyothersimilarplacestendtoreducepersonalspace.Peopleroutinelyfindthemselvesinsuchsituationstendtohavesmallerpersonalspaceandmoretoleranceforspaceinvasion.,wedge,v.forceintoanarrowspace;fixsth.inpositionbyusingawedgeorsth.else把门打开，用报纸抵住门让它开着。Openthedoorandwedgeitopenwi

36、thnewspapers.用一些纸片塞在桌脚,那样它就不会摇晃了.Wedgepiecesofpaperinbetweenthelegandtheflooranditwontbeshakyanymore.我如果不在的话，把作业塞进门缝吧。IfImnotin,wedgeyourhomeworkunderthedoor.,jostle:v.Itwassosadtheonce-intimatebrothersnowjostledwitheachotherforthelegacyleftbytheirfather.press:v.很多人挤在她身边，她进不了门。Somanypeoplepressedaro

37、undherthatshecouldntgetintothehouse.支持者们围着她，争相要她的签名。Fanswerepressingaroundher,alltryingtogetherautograph.,Fidget,fidget(about)(withsth):v.youkeepmovingyourhandsorfeetslightlyorchangingyourpositionslightly,forexamplebecauseyouarenervous,bored,orexcited.Itisbadmannerstofidgetaboutwiththeknivesandforks

38、attable.她经常为她母亲的健康而烦躁不安。Sheisalwaysfidgetingabouthermothershealth.fidgety:adj.restlessorinclinedtofidget,MalthusianLogic马尔萨斯人口论,ThomasRobertMalthus:Britisheconomistandclergyman.EssayonPopulationHearguedthatwithoutthepracticeof“moralrestraint”thepopulationtendstoincreaseatagreaterratethanitsmeansofsu

39、bsistence,unlesswar,famine,ordiseaseoreffortsaremadetolimitpopulation.,Paraphrase,T-shirtweathercanmakeproximitymorealluring(ormuch,muchless).Summermayeithermakepeoplewanttobeclosertoeachotherormorelikely,keepadistancebetweeneachother.,Manhattan,ManhattanIsland,anislandinNewYorkcitysurroundedbytheHu

40、dson,East,andHarlemrivers,Languagework,(Sth)isrelentless:adj.sthbadneverstopsorneverbecomeslessintense.我快要疯了，邻居的小孩不停在哭。Therelentlesscryingofachildoftheneighbordriesmecrazy.(Sb)isrelentless:adj.determinedtodosthandrefusetogiveup,evenifwhatisbeingdoneisunpleasantorcruel.Relentlessinhispursuitofknowled

41、ge,hebecameawell-respectedscholar.relent:v.decidetobelessstrict,determinedorharshThepressureforustofinishtheprojectintimewillnotrelent.,infuse,vt.Fillwith注入InfusesbwithsthInfusesthintosbHisspeechinfusedthemenwithadesiretowin.,Keepto,Keeptothepoint;donttrytoshuffleofftheconcernedtopic.Thingswillonlyw

42、orkoutifweallkeeptotheplan.Sheisoldandfeeble,sothatshealwayskeepstothehouse.Nobodyknowshimmuchforheusuallykeepstohimself.Iwillbeverygratefulifyoucankeepittoyourself.,Para.5-Geographicaldifferences,Theamountofspacepeopleneedtofeelaroundthemvarieswithvariousfactors,suchasculture,sex,familiaritybetween

43、people,crowdednessofthesituation,etc.MorePSlessPSinColorado(US)inCalcutta(India)NorthernHemisphereSouthernHemisphereEnglishmenBrazilians,Point-to-pointcontrast,TreadonTreadonsbstoeTreadonair践踏Someonewithaspread,Impudentspaceinvaders,IvealsonoticedanincreaseintheranksofwhatIthinkofasspaceinvaders,min

44、i-territorialexpansionistswhoseizethepublicspacewithasenseofmanifestdestiny.Ivealsonoticedthattheproblemofspaceinvasionbecomesmoreandmoreserious,andthosespaceinvaders,actinginthesamewayastheterritorialexpansionistusuallydo,seizepublicspaceasamatterofcourse.,Manifestdestiny天定命运论,ranks,theranks:thepeo

45、plewhobelongtoaparticulargroupororganizationThedemocratsnowfaceoppositionfromwithintheirranks.ThatsummerIleftschoolandjoinedtheranksoftheunemployed.越来越多党内人士不支持党的领导层.Thepartyleadershipisloosingsupportintheranks.,Doyouagreewiththewritersviewinthisrespect,orwhatdoyouthinkcanotherfactorscauseit?,TextAna

46、lysisPart,Languagework:lament,lament(for/over)sth:v.expresssadness,regret,ordisappointmentaboutit.(mainlyformalorwritten)Kenbegantolament(for)thedeathofhisonlyson.lamentthat:v.toexpressannoyanceordisappointmentaboutsomethingyouthinkisunsatisfactoryorunfairHelamentedthathisbosshadexpectedtoomuchofhim

47、.,Exercise,他们把成功归因于老师的鼓励。Theyattributetheirsuccesstotheirteachersencouragement.,Para.4-7（8）,Whatarethepossiblereasonsforthetendency?Morepeople,lessspace;Theseasonmakesproximitymorealluring/less;Stimulatingeffectsofcaffeine;Culturalandgeographicaldifferenceinpersonalspace;,5.Thedeclineofmanners;6.Imp

48、udentspaceinvaders(mini-territorialexpansionists).7.Theshrinkageofourpsychologicalspace.,Para.8&9,Howdoyouunderstandtheauthorsopinion“personalspaceispsychological,notphysical”?“Isuspectthattheshrinkingofpersonalspaceisdirectlyproportionaltotheexpansionofself-absorption.”Themoreself-absorbedpeoplebecomeinsociety,thelesstheycareaboutothers,thesmallerpersonalspaceleftforeveryone,themorepersonals