新核心大学英语B版读写教程2册 Unit 4

1、Unit4InformationSecurity,LearningObjectives,Inthisunit,youwill:1.learnaboutinformationsecurity;2.familiarizeyourselfwiththewords,expressions,andsentencepatternsrelatedtothethemeofthisunit;3.usethesewords,expressions,andsentencepatternscorrectly;4.researchinformationsecurity;5.giveanoralpresentationt

2、otheclassaboutinformationsecurity;6.learntouseexamples,anecdotes,andstatisticsinyourwriting.,PartIApproachingtheTopic,PartIIUnderstandingtheText,PartIIIExploringtheTopic,PartIVIntegratedExercises,PartVWritingStrategy,PartIApproachingtheTopic,Task1Brainstorming,Task2SurfingandReporting,Task3Watchinga

3、ndRetelling,Task4VocabularyPreview,1.Discussthepicturesabovewithyourpartnerandmakealistofnolessthan10wordstodiscussinformationsecurity.2.Whatfilmshaveyouseenabouthackers?Canyounamesomeofthem?,Task1Brainstorming,Unit4PartITask1,1.WorkingroupsandfindinformationontheInternetaboutthefollowingterms.,Task

4、2SurfingandReporting,Unit4PartITask2,Webresources/wiki/Main_Page/home,Answersforreference:,Unit4PartITask2,2.Finddetailedinformationaboutthefollowinghackers,thenpresentyourresearchtotheclass,optionallyusingPowe

5、rPoint.,Unit4PartITask2,American,Sept.9,1941,CreatoroftheCprogramminglanguage;KeydeveloperoftheUnixoperationsystem,American,Aug.11,1950,CreatoroftheAppleIandAppleIIcomputers;Co-founderofApple.Inc.,Unit4PartITask2,Russian,Mar.11,1971,FraudulentlytransferringUS$10.7millionviaCitibankscomputersin1994,B

6、ritish,June8,1955,InventingtheWorldWideWeb,Finnish,Dec.28,1969,DevelopingtheLinuxkernel,Task3WatchingandRetelling,1.Watchthevideoclip“TheCreationoftheComputer”.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Usetheglossarybelowasareference.,Unit4PartITask3,Unit4PartITask3,Ourworldisincreasinglyfilledw

7、ithcountlesswondersthatwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutonemachine,thecomputer.Althoughcomputersareenormouslyintricate,theirmostbasiccomponent1)simpledevicesthatcanbe2)eitheroneoftwostates:onoroff.Thecomputercreatesitsmagicbycalculatingwitha3)thatfarsurpassesitshumaninventors.Todaycomputersaresocommon

8、placethatwedtakethem4).Butnotlongago,computersonlyexistintheimaginationofafewvisionaries.Thesearchformachinesthatcouldfigurequicklyandaccuratelyhas5)for,consistsof,_,switchedto,_,speedandaccuracy,_,forgranted,_,seizedthehumanimagination,_,Unit4PartITask3,thousandsofyears.Infact,thecomputersfamilytre

9、ehasrootssodeepinthepast,itsimpossibletoknowexactlywheretheybegin.Bytheearly19thcentury,theEuropeanindustrialrevolutionwas6),andthedevelopmentinproductionandcommercecamefromthematuringfieldsofengineering:navigation,surveying,finance,andscience.Thepracticalapplicationofthesefields7)volumeaftervolumeo

10、ftable.Theactualfiguringwasdonebypeoplewhospecializedinmathematicalcomputation.Thesehumancomputerstoiledovertheirtablesincessantly,monotonously,andmademistakes.8).Therequirementforaccuratetablesintroducedoneofthemosteccentricandbrilliantfiguresinto,wellunderway,_,Typically,tableswerefulloferrors,_,r

11、eliedon,_,Unit4PartITask3,thestoryofcomputers,CharlesBabbage.CharlesBabbagedemonstratedhisbrillianceinmathematics9).In1820,Babbagewascheckingtheaccuracyofcalculationsmadeforroyalastronomicalsocietyandkeptfindingerrors.10)thatwouldcalculatethetablesanddirectlyprinttheresults.Hecalledthemachinethediff

12、erenceengine.Hedrewupplansforasectionofthedeviceandhaditbuiltwithhisownfundsin1822.,Hereasonedthatamachinecanbeconstructed,_,whileattendingTrinityCollegeinCambridge,_,Unit4PartITask3,【Script】,2.Watchthevideoagainandthendiscussthemainideawiththegroup.,Script,Unit4PartITask3,Task4VocabularyPreview,Rea

13、dthewordsandphrasesbelow,payingattentiontothepronunciation.Usethescalebelowtogiveyourselfascoreforeachword.Afterfinishingthestudyoftheunit,scoreyourselfagaintocheckyourimprovement.,Unit4PartITask4,Unit4PartITask4,GlossaryforMainReading,Unit4PartITask4,Unit4PartITask4,GlossaryforRelatedReading,Unit4P

14、artITask4,Unit4PartITask4,Unit4PartITask4,PartIIUnderstandingtheText,MainReading,RelatedReading,PartIIUnderstandingtheText,MainReading,Text-relatedInformation,TextAnalysis,LanguagePoints,TranslationoftheTexts,Tasks,Text-relatedInformation,1.hacker,Unit4PartIIMainReading,Unit4PartIIMainReading,2.move

15、abletype,Unit4PartIIMainReading,3.Internetneutrality,TextAnalysis,Unit4PartIIMainReading,Unit4PartIIMainReading,Unit4PartIIMainReading,Unit4PartIIMainReading,LanguagePoints,Unit4PartIIMainReading,1.Toprogrammers,“hacker”,inthemostliteralsense,issomeonewhocanmakeacomputerdowhathewantswhetherthecomput

16、erwantstoornot.(L3),Paraphrase:,Toprogrammersthemostoriginalandprecisemeaningoftheword“hacker”referstosomeonewhocanuseacomputertodowhathewantsevenifthecomputerdoesnotwanttodoit.,【译文】,对于程序员来说，“黑客”最精确的意义是指能让电脑去做他想要的事情的人，无论电脑本身愿意与否。,Unit4PartIIMainReading,e.g.,Theliteralmeaningof“knowyourropes”is“tokno

17、walotaboutropes”,whilefigurativelyitmeans“toknowalotabouthowtodosomething”.Iwasusingthewordinitsliteralsense.,literala.concernedwiththebasicorusualmeaningofawordorphrase文字的，照字面上的,Unit4PartIIMainReading,2.Thereisagradualcontinuumbetweenrule-breakingthatismerelyuglyandrule-breakingthatisbrilliantlyima

18、ginative.(L12),Paraphrase:,Betweenthetwoextremes,i.e.,theugliestandthemostimaginativerulebreaking,thereexistascaleofrelatedthingsthatchangegraduallywithoutanycleardividingpoints.,【译文】,从丑陋地破坏规则到极富想象力地破坏规则，两者之间是一个渐进式的连续体。,Unit4PartIIMainReading,e.g.,Thehospitalhasmadegradualimprovementsinhealthcare.Ia

19、dvocateapolicyofgradualreform.,1)graduala.happeningslowlyoveralongperiodoftime逐渐的，逐步的,e.g.,Alltheorganismsinanecosystemarepartofanevolutionarycontinuum.Hismotivesforvolunteeringliesomewhereonthecontinuumbetweencharitableandself-serving.,2)continuumpluralcontinuumsorcontinuan.ascaleofrelatedthingsonw

20、hicheachoneisonlyslightlydifferentfromtheonebefore统一体,Unit4PartIIMainReading,e.g.,Amuseumshouldaimtoentertainaswellaseducate.Sheentertainedthechildrenwithstories,songsanddrama.,3.entertain(L18)vi.retaliation复仇，报复,Unit4PartIIMainReading,e.g.,Thescientistisdistinguishedinmanyspheresofknowledge.Sheisdi

21、stinguishedforherachievementsingeneticresearch.,7.distinguished(L34)a.characterizedbyexcellenceordistinction卓越的，杰出的,Unit4PartIIMainReading,e.g.,Thebookwastranslatedintomanyversionsandsoldallovertheworld.Thetwonewspapersgavedifferentversionsofwhathappened.,8.version(L35)n.acopyofsomethingthathasbeenc

22、hangedsothatitisslightlydifferent版本,Unit4PartIIMainReading,9.Butevenfactoringintheirannoyingeccentricities,thedisobedientattitudeofhackersisanetwin.(L37),Paraphrase:,Butevenifwetakeintoaccounttheannoyingeccentricitiesofhackers,theprosoftheirdisobedientattitudestilloutweighsthecons.,【译文】,但是即便把这种恼人的反常

23、行为考虑进来，黑客们的叛逆态度仍然是一种净赢。,e.g.,Wedontfactorinadditionalcostssuchasshippinginsurance,tariffs,andbilinguallabels.FatiguemayhavefactoredinthefatalaircrashinsouthAmerica.,factorintofigurein包括，把计算在内,Unit4PartIIMainReading,e.g.,Educationalsystemsmoreoftenthannotreflecttheessentialnatureofthatsociety.Moreoft

24、enthannot,thegreaterpartofthejourneyisspentonroads.,10.moreoftenthannot(L47)usually多半，往往,Unit4PartIIMainReading,e.g.,Johndecidedtogooffonhisown.,11.gooff(L53)toleave动身，离开,e.g.,Specialistswereabletodeactivatethebombbeforeitwentoff.,toexplodeorfire爆炸,Unit4PartIIMainReading,e.g.,Thegovernmentimposedaba

25、nonthesaleofivory.Parentstendtoimposetheirownmoralvaluesontheirchildren.,12.impose(L56)vt.toapplyormakeprevailbyauthority强制实行,Unit4PartIIMainReading,e.g.,Bydefinition,interplanetarytravelistravelbetweenbodiesinagivenstarsystem.Bydefinition,dataminingisdefinedasminingtheusefulinformationfromplentyofd

26、ata.,13.bydefinition(L67)becauseofitsownfeatures根据定义，就定义来看,Unit4PartIIMainReading,e.g.,Bydefinition,interplanetarytravelistravelbetweenbodiesinagivenstarsystem.Bydefinition,dataminingisdefinedasminingtheusefulinformationfromplentyofdata.,14.harsh(L69)a.extremelysevereorstern严厉的,Unit4PartIIMainReadin

27、g,15.IfIwerealegislator,Iwouldbeinterestedinthismysteryforthesamereasonthat,ifIwereafarmerandsuddenlyheardalotofsquawkingcomingfrommyhenhouseonenight,Iwouldwanttogooutandinvestigate.(L71),Paraphrase:,IfIwereafarmerandsuddenlyheardalotofsharpangrynoisecomingfrommyhenhouseonenight,Iwouldwanttogooutand

28、checkoutthecause.Similarly,ifIwerealaw-maker,Iwouldbeinterestedinthemysteriousphenomenonthathackersunanimouslyprotestagainstcopyrightlaws.,【译文】,如果我是立法者，我会对这个谜团感兴趣，正如假设我是农民，某个晚上突然听到鸡棚里传来一阵咯咯的叫声，我一定会想出去看看。,Unit4PartIIMainReading,16.Coulditbethatsuchlaws,thoughintendedtoprotectAmerica,willactuallyharmi

29、t?(L78),Paraphrase:,TheremightbeaslightpossibilitythatalthoughsuchlawsareaimedtoprotectAmerica,willturnouttodoharmtoit.,【译文】,有没有可能这些法律，尽管其本意是为了保护美国，实际上却反而伤害了它呢？,e.g.,Iintendedtocatchtheearlytrain,butIdidntgetupintime.Ineverintendedthingstoturnoutthewaytheydid.,intenda.tohaveasaplanorpurpose打算，想要,Tra

30、nslationoftheTexts,ForMainReading,Unit4PartIIMainReading,Task1GuessingMeaningfromContext,Guessthemeaningofthefollowingwordsandphrasesfromcontext.Theletterintheparenthesesreferstotheparagraphinwhichthewordcanbefound.Choosewhichmeaningbestfitstheword.,Task,Unit4PartIIMainReading,a,_,c,_,e,_,Unit4PartI

31、IMainReading,b,d,_,_,f,_,Unit4PartIIMainReading,c,_,d,_,f,_,e,_,a,_,b,_,Unit4PartIIMainReading,d,a,e,c,_,_,_,_,b,_,Unit4PartIIMainReading,e,a,d,b,c,_,_,_,_,_,Answerthefollowingquestions.1)Whatdoesahackerdo?2)Howarethetwosensesof“hack”connected?,Task2UnderstandingMainIdeasandImportantDetailsintheText

32、,Task,Ahackerusuallybreaksintootherpeoplescomputersandmakesacomputerdowhathewantswhetherthecomputerwantstoornot.,Thetwosensesof“hack”,whetheritisacomplimentoranoffence,havesomethingincommon:theybothbreaktherules.,Unit4PartIIMainReading,_,_,3)Dothepoliceunderstandhackersbehavior?Whyorwhynot?4)Whocont

33、ributestothedevelopmentofthenextgenerationofcomputertechnology?,No,theydont.Itisbecausethemotiveofhackersintellectualcuriosityistotallydifferentfromtheusualcriminalmotives.,Outsiders,includinghackers,makegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofthenextgenerationofcomputertechnology.,_,_,Unit4PartIIMainRe

34、ading,5)Whydoprogrammersopposelawstoprotectintellectualproperty?6)Whatdoesthelastsentence“Inthosecountries,peoplecolorinsidethelines”mean?,ItisbecausetheywillstrangletheinnovativeandcreativespiritofAmericansandeventuallywilldoharmtothewholenation.,Itmeanspeoplesbehaviorandthinkingpatternareconfinedt

35、orulesinthosecountries.,_,_,Unit4PartIIMainReading,2.Reviewthetexttofindinformationabouttheprosandconsofhacking.Listtheminthetablebelow.,Unit4PartIIMainReading,someonewhocanmakeacomputerdowhathewantswhetherthecomputerwantstoornot,usedwhenyoudosomethingsocleverthatyousomehowbeatthesystem,someonewhobr

36、eaksintocomputers,usedwhenyoudosomethinginanuglyway,Unit4PartIIMainReading,annoyingthoseinauthority,protectintellectualproperty,makingthemgoodprogrammers,athreattointellectualfreedomthathackersneedtodotheirjob,PartIIUnderstandingtheText,RelatedReading,LanguagePoints,Tasks,TranslationoftheTexts,Langu

37、agePoints,Unit4PartIIRelatedReading,e.g.,Thecompanyneedstoupdateitsarchaiccomputersystems.Inpracticetheruleswereasunrealisticastheywerearchaic.,1.archaic(L8)a.soextremelyoldasseemingtobelongtoanearlierperiod古老的，古代的,Unit4PartIIRelatedReading,e.g.,Wemustpresumeinnocenceuntilwehaveevidenceofguilt.Thete

38、mpleispresumedtodatefromthefirstcenturyBC.,2.presume(L9)vt.toacceptsomethingastrueuntilitisshowntonotbetrue,especiallyinlaw姑且认定，假定,Unit4PartIIRelatedReading,e.g.,Ourintegrityasanationisthreatenedbytheseseparatistforces.Theyaretryingtopreservetheculturalintegrityofthecommunity.,3.integrity(L12)n.anun

39、dividedorunbrokencompletenessortotalitywithnothingwanting完整，完善,e.g.,Shehadtheintegritytorefusetocompromiseonmattersofprinciple.Weadorehimforhisintegrityandbrilliantdiplomaticaccomplishment.,thequalityofbeinghonestandstrongaboutwhatyoubelievetoberight诚实，正直,Unit4PartIIRelatedReading,e.g.,Thecompanyhas

40、disclosedthatitwillbelayingoffthousandsofworkerslaterthisyear.Theauthoritiesfinallydisclosedthetruthtothepress.,4.disclose(L14)vt.tomakeknowntothepublicinformationthatwaspreviouslyknownonlytoafewpeopleorthatwasmeanttobekeptasecret揭露,Unit4PartIIRelatedReading,e.g.,Herfearofwatercanbetracedbacktoachil

41、dhoodaccident.Thestyleofthesepaintingscanbetracedbacktoearlymedievalinfluences.,5.trace(L17)vt.tofollow,discover,orascertainthecourseofdevelopmentofsomething追踪，找出根源,Unit4PartIIRelatedReading,e.g.,Issuesofinternationaltradeareamongthemostimportantthatmustbefacedbycountriesthataspiretoeconomicdevelopm

42、ent.Inhischildhood,heaspiredtobecomeagreatgeneral.,6.aspire(L27)vi.tohaveanambitiousplanoraloftygoal热望,Unit4PartIIRelatedReading,e.g.,Theywerechargedwithillegallydivertingpublicfundsforprivateuse.Thecompanyshoulddivertmoreresourcesintoresearch.,7.divert(L30)vt.towithdraw(money)andmoveintoadifferentl

43、ocation,oftensecretlyandwithdishonestintentions转移,e.g.,Trafficwasorderedtodiverttoanotherroadbecauseoftherepairofthemainroad.Theydivertedtherivertosupplywatertothetown.,tochangethedirectioninwhichsomethingtravels转向,Unit4PartIIMainReading,8.Thebenefitsofinformationsecurityprotectingcomputersystemsand

44、networksareinherentlyinvisible:ifthreatshavebeenaverted,thingsworkasnormal.Thatmeansitoftengetsneglected.(L33),Paraphrase:,Informationsecurityhelpstoprotectcomputersystemsandnetworks,butitsbenefitsareimpossibletoseebynature,becauseifthreatshavebeenturnedaway,thingsworksasnormal.Thatiswhyitoftengetsl

45、ittleornoattention.,【译文】,信息安全的利益在于保护计算机系统和网络，它具有其与生俱来的不可见属性：如果威胁被转移，则一切都会正常工作。这意味着信息安全通常会被忽视。,Unit4PartIIRelatedReading,e.g.,Wetriedtoavertourthoughtsfromourmassivefinancialproblems.Henryavertedhiseyesassheundressed.,注：本句群中隐含着多重意义关系。破折号中间的部分起到主语同位语的作用；冒号后面的部分是一个带有条件状语从句的复合句，它和冒号之前的句子暗含着因果关系。Thatmean

46、s引导的宾语从句和前文也是隐含的因果关系。avertvt.toturnawayoraside转开,e.g.,Thetragedycouldhavebeenavertedifthecrewhadfollowedsafetyprocedures.A$30billionbailoutbytheIMFhelpedBrazilavertthedisaster.,topreventsomethingunpleasantfromhappening避免，防止,Unit4PartIIRelatedReading,e.g.,Thereisconcernthatthejudgesmightmisusetheirpo

47、wer.Iftechnologyismisused,itmightunderminethequalityofourlifeandeventhreatenourexistence.,9.misuse(L42)vt.tousesomethingforthewrongpurpose,orinthewrongway,oftenwithharmfulresults误用，滥用,e.g.,Childrenwhobeginsmokingwhenyoungareatgreaterriskfromdrugsmisuse.Immeasurablequantityofnaturalresourcewaslostfor

48、everthroughmisuse.,n.theuseofsomethinginthewrongwayorforthewrongpurpose误用，滥用,Unit4PartIIRelatedReading,e.g.,Thesechemicalsquicklydegradeintoharmlesscompounds.,10.degrade(L46)vi.2)Evaluatethisinformationtoseeifitisrelevantandvalid;3)Organizeyourideasandpresentitinalogicalform;4)Reportyourideastothecl

49、assinaPowerPointpresentation;5)Sharetheresourcesandsearchtechniquesyouhavefoundhelpful.,Workingroupsandchooseoneofthefollowingtopicstoconductyourresearchbasedonthefollowingprocedure:,Unit4PartIIITask1,Theresearchtopicsare:ThehistoryofopensourcecultureTheimpactofInternetcensorshiponinformationflowsMe

50、asurestakentoensuredatasecurityTheadvantagesofvirtualcommunitiesoverreal-lifecommunitiesThecausesandeffectsofsoftwarepiracyTypesofcomputervirusesMeasurestakentoprotectcomputersagainstattacksVulnerabilitiesincomputersystemsTechniquesemployedbyhackerstogetinsidecomputersNetworksandcomputercrimes,Unit4

51、PartIIITask1,1.Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthathackersareanegativeinfluenceonsociety,theharmrangingfrompersonalinformationsecuritytotheITindustry.Isthistrue?Arguefororagainstthisviewbywritinganoutlineandthencarryoutaclassdiscussion.2.WhatrolewilltheInternetplayineducationthroughoutthe21stcentury?,Task2

52、DiscussingandDebating,Unit4PartIIITask2,Task3ThinkingandWriting,Unit4PartIIITask3,Eachdayonereadsaboutcaseswhereprivateinformationiscompromisedonline.Toooften,thieveshackintowebsitesorbankdatabasestostealpeoplespersonalinformationandfinaincialdetails.ResearchtheissueontheInternetandwriteawell-organi

53、zedessayonprotectingonesprivacyonline.Besuretoillustratetheargumentwithconcreteexamples.Youmayusethefollowingideasinyourwriting.1)Dontputpersonalinformationinthesearchterms.2)Dontgiveconfidentialinformationtoyournetfriends.3)Cleanseyourcomputerregularlybyremovingtracesofyourbrowsing.,PartIVIntegrate

54、dExercise,Exercise1,Exercise2,Exercise1BuildWordPower,Unit4PartIVExercise1,Unit4PartIVExercise1,1.Readthewordsandexpressionsinthepooluntilyoucanpronouncethemcorrectly,spellthemcorrectly,andusethemcorrectlyincommunication.,Unit4PartIVExercise1,2.Fillintheblankswithwordsandphraseschosenfromthebox.Chan

55、getheformwherenecessary.,Unit4PartIVExercise1,makethebestuseof,1)Acomputervirusisgenerallydefinedasamaliciousprogramwrittentocomputersecurityandstability.2)Schoolswillsavemuchmoneyinthelongruniftheyaretointernettechnology.3)Thenewofthesoftwarewillbereleasedofficiallynextmonth.,_,undermine,_,version,

56、_,4)Thecollegestudenthiswebcamafterhefoundacomputervirussecretlyactivateditandspiedonhisprivacy.5)IfonetheGrossNationalIncomepercapita,theexpenseofsurfingtheInternetismuchhigherinChinathanintheStates.6)Thewebsite,whichisfamousforclassifiedinformation,haswonanumberofawardseversinceitwasfoundedseveral

57、yearsago.7)Networkhardwareandsoftwarefailuresbusinessoperations.,Unit4PartIVExercise1,tookapart,_,factorsin,_,disrupt,_,disclosing,_,8)WithGooglelanguagetools,Internetusersarenowabletocomprehendwebpageswritteninlanguagesthatthem.9)Generallyspeaking,smallbusinessesaremorelikelytoinformationsecurity.10)Wemus