现在完成时 详解.ppt

1、现在完成时,Speaker :wps powerpoint,现在完成时的构成,have (has）+ 过去分词,不规则动词原型-过去式-过去分词形式：,1） AAA型(三种都一样) 如：cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同) 如: bring-brought-brought catch caught caught lead led led,3） ABC型(三种都不一样) 如：begin-began-begun grow grew grown ring rang

2、 rung break broke broken 4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同) 如: come-came-come become became become run ran run,写出下列动词的过去分词形式. wake _ 2. teach _ 3. sell _4. see _ 5. ride _ 6. pay _ 7. choose _ 8. throw _ 9. think _10. eat _ 11. drive _ 12. catch _ 13. bring _ 14. break _ 15. give _16. get _ 17. know _ 18. open _ 19.

3、 write _ 20. forget _,Woken taught Sold seen Ridden paid Chosen thrown Thought eaten Driven caught Brought broken Given gotten Known opened Written forgotten,present(now),future,past,do my homework,现在完成时的主要用法,1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.

4、,- Its so dark. -Someone has turned off the light. (有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑),- Are you free? -I have finished my homework. I am free (我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空),1. 现在完成时中标志词的用法区别,1.Already 肯定句: 句中(助后实前)/句末 “己经”,一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道”,Eg. Ive already had breakfast. (更常见) = Ive had breakfast already.(表示

5、强调) Have you had breakfast already?,2. yet在现在完成时中的用法,否定句:句末 “还(没)”,疑问句: 句末 “己经”,Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?,注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.,Eg. I have already done my homework. 否定句: 一般疑问句:,I havent done my homework yet.,Have you done your homework yet?,3

6、. ever在现在完成时中的用法,肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经”,Eg. Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing?,4. never在现在完成时中的用法,否定句: 句中 “从来没有” Eg. Ive never been to Beijing.,注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将ever变成never; 带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.”,5. just在现在完成时中的用法,用于句中, 表示“刚刚” Eg. Ive just had breakfast. What have they

7、 just done？,Eg. He has ever made dumplings. 否定句:,He has never made dumplings.,Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.,6. before在现在完成时中的用法,用于句末, 表示“以前” Eg. Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?,2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.有可能继续下去常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。,现在完成时的主要用法,I

8、have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。 (从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已经游泳了半个小时 (半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游),1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段时间,2. since +,(表示过去某一时间的)时间点,词组,从句(一般过去时),Eg. I have been here since 2000. I

9、have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,注1): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,注2): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于ho

10、w long引导的问句中. Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years.,(正)I have been away there for 5 years.,have been 与have gone 的用法比较,have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了” Has she ever been to Nanjing？她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there,

11、 have you?你以前从未去过那儿,是吗？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year.我去过桂林,我去年去的. She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了,四)It is +一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时) =一段时间+has passed+since + 句子(一般过去时),Eg. It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,与一般过去时的用法比较,一.现在完成时和一般过去

12、时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。, 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本

13、英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典” 。,第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。,二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时:,eg: I saw the film on television yesterday .,但since(自以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。,eg： They have known each other since 1950 .,Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.,三常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语

14、:,yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), just now(刚才)， 时间+ ago, last +时间 等;,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week .,非延续性动词和延续性动词非延续性动词在时间上没有延续性，常见的有come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, buy, find, stop, become, open, borrow, lend, appear, close

15、, fall, finish, sell, lose, kill等，这些动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 但是，非延续性动词的否定形式可以表示状态的延续，可与for/since等时间状语连用。,有些同学错误地认为这类非延续性动词不能用于完成时态中。其实，错误的本质在于非延续性动词与时间段的错误搭配，与现在完成时态无关。,延续性语境中的非延续性动词的使用 在具体的语言环境中，往往会出现非延续性动词与时间段相连用的情况。由于受汉语影响，往往错误地直译为：He has fallen asleep for an hour. 他睡了一小时了。（）His father has died for th

16、ree years. 他父亲去世三年了。（）当出现这种情况时，我们往往采取以下解决方法：,（1）将非延续性动词转化为相应的状态动词。所谓状态动词就是指这一动作发生后接下来所呈现的状态。 如：He has been asleep for an hour. （fall asleep,“入睡”为短暂动作，但be asleep“睡着”则为状态动词，可延续。） His father has been dead for three years.（die为短暂动词，“死”后的状态可用“be dead”这种系表结构来描述，可延续。）,常见的这种动词的转化有以下几类： go therebe there, com

17、e backbe back, borrowkeep, buy/catchhave, arrivebe in, beginbe on, openbe open, closebe closed, diebe dead, leavebe away from, get upbe up, fall asleepbe asleep, becomebe, joinbe in/a member of, receivehave, catch/get a coldhave a cold, get marriedbe married，come be in，finish be over， leave be away,

18、巧解现在完成时态题,技巧1:寻找现在完成时中的“段时间”。 (1) 现在完成时表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,多和表示一段时间的状语连用:for+一段时间;since+点时间(since作连词后接从句时,该从句要用一般过去时) 。 (2) 现在完成时态也用在含有during / in/ over the last years或in recent years等的句子中。,1. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ tens of thousands of visitors since 1995. attracted B. attracts C. has attra

19、cted D. will attract 2. How long _ you _ here? For about two years so far. have, studied B. did, live C. do, stay D. were, swimming 3. How is your father? I _him for a long time. He is fine, but busy. A.dont see B. hadnt seen C. didnt see D. havent seen 4. Meimei has received several letters from he

20、r hometown since she _ to the city. A. cameB. comes C. has comeD. will come,技巧2:寻找现在完成时的副词标志或句型。 (1) 在做时态题时,注意观察句中是否有常用于现在完成时的副词:yet, already, never, lately, recently, ever, just, before, (ever) since等。 (2) 句型:It has been + 段时间+since + 过去时.,1.What are you going to do this weekend? I _ yet. havent de

21、cided B. wont decide C. have decided D. didnt decide 2. My mother _ the windows already, so the room looks much brighter. has cleaned B. had cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean 3. It _ ten years since we last _ in Beijing. was, met B. has been, met C. was, meet D. is, meet 4. How long has the weath

22、er been like this? _. Until last night B. Ever since last night C. Two days ago D. Two days later,技巧3:把握have been to与have gone to的区别。 have been to 曾经去过某处(现在已经不在那个地方,强调以前的经历) have gone to去了某处(强调主语已经离开说话者所在的地方,现在还没有回来),1. Is that Jack speaking? Sorry, he isnt in right now. He _ the cinema with his aunt. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to 2. Hello, may I speak to your father, please? Sorry, my father _ to Shanghai. He went ther