英语语法教案

1、,Passive Voice,1.two types of passive voice,Be-passive Get-passive,observe the following sentences,Thousands of people got killed in the Indian Ocean Tsunami.,He had expected to get there on time but he got delayed by a traffic jam.,His bold idea about the origin of human life had brought about grea

2、t criticism from the public. After his lifetime struggle, his idea finally got recognized.,You may use get-passive when:,the main verb is a dynamic one. you intend to stress the unexpectedness of the event. you intend to lay stress on the result of the action, often accompanied by such expressions a

3、s “in the end”, “eventually”, “at last”, etc.,2.change of active into passive,The government has to take effective measures to combat bird flu.,Effective measures have to be taken to combat bird flu.,a modal or semi-auxiliary in the verb phrase,The Academy awarded Clint Eastwood Oscar for Best Direc

4、tor.,Clint Eastwood was awarded,Oscar for Best Director was awarded to Clint Eastwood.,the active sentence being SVoO pattern,the by- phrase is maintained when:,the doer of the action must be stressed you want to keep the subject consistent you want to make the sentence balanced if it is top-heavy,H

5、amlet was written by Shakespeare.,end focus,Hamlet has attracted generations of people. It was written by Shakespeare. Hamlet has attracted generations of people. Shakespeare wrote it.,Hamlet was written by Shakespeare, one of the greatest English playwrights in both British history and the whole wo

6、rlds history. Shakespeare, one of the greatest English playwrights in both British history and the whole worlds history, wrote Hamlet.,end weight,constraints on the change of active into passive,some transitional or stative verbs transitive verbs with reflexive or reciprocal objects some fixed verb

7、phrase acting as an intransitive,haveleave belong toenter hold （容纳)reach resemblebenefit become (适合）lack,take place lose heart take root take effect speak ones mind,3.passive voice of phrasal verbs,Phrasal verbs must be treated as a single verb.,look after attend to bring about do away with,passive

8、voice of “verb + noun + preposition”,People pay less attention to the Oscar Awards nowadays.,4.passive voice of non-finite verbs,non-finite verbs?,to- infinitive -ing participle -ed participle,refer to Page 246-248 in your textbook,5.cases in which passive is preferred,Hundreds of workers were kille

9、d in the gas explosion in the coal mine.,1) when the doer of the action is unknown, or not the point of interest, or difficult to identify,Your speech was considered not informative enough. We consider your speech not informative enough.,2) when you want to be more indirect and tactful,Hamlet has at

10、tracted generations of people. It was written by Shakespeare. Hamlet has attracted generations of people. Shakespeare wrote it.,3) When you want the sentence to connect with the preceding one more naturally,Mary made the chocolate cookie. The chocolate cookie was made by Mary.,The family gave a dinn

11、er last night. They made the food all by themselves. Mr. Brown made the barbeque; Mrs. Brown made the soup, and ,There was a variety of lovely food on the table. The ice-cream was made by Jane; the roast chicken was made by Chris; and ,6.active constructions expressing passive meanings,Tomatoes brui

12、se easily. Cotton doesnt dry quickly. The poem reads smoothly. The door wont shut. The wood cant fire.,compare:,The poem reads smoothly. The poem was not read.,7.passive constructions vs. “linking verb + complement” construction,I was surprised by a pounding sound from above my head. I am very surpr

13、ised at your response.,be surprised be annoyed be pleased be delighted ,-ed participle or adjective?,1) Professor Johnson is said _ some significant advance in his research in the past year. having madeB. makingC. to have madeD. to make 2) AIDS is said _ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region. beingB. to beC. to have beenD. having been 3) This food _ them for ano