初中现在完成时讲解与练习.ppt

1、现在完成时 have/ has +过去分词,now,past,future,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情 现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响,过去分词的构成,1.直接加-ed。如：play-played 2.以字母e结尾的直接加d 。如：name-named 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加ed。如：carry-carried 4.重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped,1) 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。 Now we have pl

2、anted all the trees. He has just come back. They have built many buildings in this city.,现在完成时的用法,2) 表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。 Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I havent read that book yet . (不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的),常与already(已经), yet

3、(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用.,already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句,疑问句尾.,在以上两种用法中常跟already, notyet, never, just, before, ever, recently等时间继续下去的状语。,3) 表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还会继续下去的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since he was born . Has he lived in Shenzhen

4、for 4 years?,常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用.,for+ 时间段 since+时间点 , since+ 句子,since 用来说明动作起始时间 “自从” for用来说明动作延续时间长度 “长达” I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.,比较since和for,注意：

5、并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。),现在完成时 Present perfect 句型,1.肯定句 “主语 + have（has）过去分词”。 注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。 .疑问句 have（has) + 主语 + 过去分词 （ 回答用“Yes，have（has） “ No，havent（hasnt）” ） .否定句

6、：主语+ “havent（hasnt）过去分词”。,I have eaten my lunch.,She has eaten her lunch.,He has eaten his lunch.,肯定句,They have eaten their lunch.,I have not (havent) seen the film.,She has not (hasnt) seen the film.,现在完成时的否定形式： have not (havent) +过去分词 has not (hasnt) +过去分词,I havent eaten supper. eat-eaten He hasnt

7、 changed his idea. change-changed My mother hasnt come back home. come-come,否定句,Ive already had dinner. I _ _ dinner _. 2. He has just finished his homework. He _ _ his homework _. 3. Mums cooked the dinner. Mum _ _ the dinner. 4. Susans learned English at school. Susan _ _ English at school.,havent

8、,had,yet,hasnt,finished,yet,hasnt cooked,hasnt,learned,把下列句子改为否定句,Have you eaten your breakfast?,现在完成时的一般疑问句形式 Have/has 提前+过去分词,Have you known Sandy for a long time? Yes, I have/ No, I havent. know-known Has she eaten anything since 9:00 a.m. Yes, she has/ No, she hasnt. eat-eaten,疑问句,Ive already ha

9、d dinner. 2. He has just finished his homework. 3. Mums cooked the dinner. 4. Susans learned English at school.,Have you already had dinner?,Has he just finished his homework?,Has mum cooked the dinner?,Has Susan learned English at school?,把下列句子改为一般疑问句,（for+表示一段时间的词组，since+表示过去某一时刻的词或词组）谓语只可用延续性动词.,

10、eg.- Ive lived here for 15 years. eg.- Ive lived here since 15 years ago(1990),选用for和since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the factory _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have be

11、en dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time,for,since,for,since,for,since,注意: 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.,method 1:,动作,die,be over,leave,borrow/buy,arrive,begin,end/finish,join,marry,keep/had,be away,be here,be on(上演）,be married,be in,be dead,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了4个月了.,His

12、 grandpa has been dead for 2 years.,Nick has been in the army for 3 years.,He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.,I have kept the book for 4 months.,method 2:,It is + 时间段 since + 一般过去时的句子.,他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了4个月了.,It is 2 years since his grandpa died.,It is 3 years

13、since Nick joined the army.,It is a long time since he left Shenzhen.,It is 4 months since I borrowed the book .,He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago

14、. -He has had the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago. 5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化 (keys),6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began

15、30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined

16、the army.,6. He left here 2 years ago. - He has been away from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door has been open for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door has been closed for an

17、hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He has been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the army for a year. - It is a year since he joined the army.,现在完成时与一般过去时的比较,1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作； 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。,I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film

18、. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）,2）一般过去时 常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语,He has gone to Shanghai.

19、他(已经)去上海了。,He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经) 去过上海。,比较 have/has been to have/has gone to,He went to Shanghai last week.,他(曾经)到/去过上海 在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了,他已经去上海了 也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里,上周他做了一件事:那就是去了上海,He has been to Shanghai.,He has gone to Shanghai.,He has been in Shanghai for 10 ye

20、ars.,他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 现在还在上海没有离开呢,辨析这些句子 由时态导致的 含义上的差别,动词填空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we_(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. 2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(come) here? Once.,Have,cleaned,have done,d

21、id,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,come,4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year. 8._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never. 9.He _( keep) the book since two days ago.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,have developed,gave,Have,ridden,has