Iliad 英文PPT.ppt

1、A,1,Love of life, did not make the hero a servant of life,A,2,1. Author 2. Content abstract 3. Characters 4. Theme,A,3,Authors Introduction,About this blind poet, there is no accurate date when he was born. But the consensus is that “Iliad and odyssey ” date from around the 8th century BC. He lived

2、in ancient Greece, the age of legend. So we can see a lot of Gods and heroes in his epic.,As the greatest epic poet through the history, Homer walked around Greece with his guide and told people his beautiful poem.,Homer,A,4,荷马史诗,古希腊文学的最高成就，包括伊利亚特和奥德赛 体裁特征： 古代民间文学的一种体裁，以传说或重大历史事件为题材的古代长篇民间叙事诗。 内容特点：

3、 史诗中描写的是人间事件，但人间与神界往往相通，诗中英雄既有一般勇士的特征，又具有超人的能力。,BACK,A,5,一，十年争战的祸因： 海伦的美和阿基琉斯的盛怒 在荷马的笔下，战争的目的仿佛是因为一个女人的美貌和一个男人的火气。,A,6,The war originated from a quarrel between the goddesses Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite, after Eris, gave them a golden apple, marked for the fairest Zeus sent the goddesses to Paris, w

4、ho judged that Aphrodite, as the fairest, should receive the apple.,A,7,不和的金苹果 故事起源于一颗金苹果。由于海仙狄修斯的女儿和帕琉斯国王（也就是后来的天下第一英雄阿基琉斯的父母）在圣山举行婚礼，没有邀请复仇女神厄里斯参加，于是她恼羞成怒，向席间扔下一个写有“给最美的女神”的金苹果以行报复。 这个苹果果然引起天后赫拉、智慧和战争女神雅典娜、爱神维纳斯争抢。天皇宙斯怕被人说自己偏袒妻子，就让三位女神去找凡间一年轻人来进行评判，这人就是特洛依王子帕里斯，赫拉许诺要使他成为亚洲国王；雅典娜愿意帮助他在战争中得到不朽的荣誉；而阿

5、芙罗狄蒂则答应他得到世上最美丽女人的爱。在维纳斯的帮助下，帕里斯将斯巴达国王的妻子海伦带回了特洛伊，于是以斯巴达国王墨涅拉奥斯的兄长阿伽门侬为统帅组成的希腊联军，开始讨伐特洛伊。这场特洛伊战争长达十年之久。,A,8,The judgement of Paris,A,9,BACK,A,10,史诗开篇：愤怒为了荣誉 歌唱吧，女神，歌唱帕琉斯之子阿基琉斯的愤怒，这愤怒给阿开亚人带来了无限的苦难。很多勇敢的灵魂就这样被打入哈迪斯的冥土，许多英雄的尸骨沦为野狗和兀鹰之口 第一次愤怒是阿伽门农无理地夺走了阿基琉斯抢来的阿波罗祭司的女儿，这让阿基琉斯无法容忍，他退出战争。要注意的是他大怒并不是因为他与那美女

6、爱的死去活来。而是因为他认为这对他是一种侮辱。 第二次愤怒是阿基琉斯的朋友帕特罗克洛斯借了他的盔甲，杀上战场，挡住了特洛伊人的进攻，但赫克托耳把他杀死，阿基琉斯悔恨自己的过失，愤而重新参战，为亡友复仇杀死了赫克托耳，并把他的尸体拖在马后,A,11,Content Abstract(1),The main plot is based on Trojan War. Trojan War happens in around 12th century BC, between the Troy city and the Achaean(希腊的)forces. The war lasted for ten

7、 years , and The Iliad described the last year. The Greek Coalition(同盟) sacks Chryse ( a town allied with Troy ) , and captures a pair of beautiful maidens（少女） , Chryseis and Briseis. Agamemnon, the leader of the Achaean forces , takes Chryseis as his prize ,and Achilles, the Achaeans greatest warri

8、or , claims Briseis. Chryseiss father ,Chryses , the priest of the god Apollo , wants to ransom(赎回)his daughter from Agamemnon , which is refused by him. Then Chryseis prays to Apollo, who sends a plague(瘟疫) upon the Achaean camp. Many Achaeans die. Agamemnon have to return Chryseis to her father ,

9、but then demand Briseis from Achilles as compensation.,A,12,Content Abstract(2),Achilles is furious(狂怒的)at this insult , and refused to fight in the war any longer. Whats more , he asks his mother to enlist the services of Zeus(宙斯）to help the Trojans because he wants the loss of Agamemnon. So the Ac

10、haeans suffer great losses. The Trojans push the Achaeans back , break through the Achaean ramparts(壁垒), and set fire to one of the ships in succession. Several Achaean commanders become wounded and even the heroism of the great warrior Diomedes(狄俄墨得斯)proves fruitless .Defeat seems imminent(不可避免).,B

11、ACK,A,13,Content Abstract(3),Concerned for his comrades(战友)but still too proud to help them himself , Achilles asks his beloved friend Patroclus to take his place in battle, wearing his armor(战袍).But Apollo knocks Patrocluss armor to the ground and Hector slays(残杀)him. Hector gains the armor and the

12、 body of Patroclus was brought back to the Achaeans camp. When Achilles discovers the death of Patroclus , he is filled with grief and rage. Then he reconciles (使和好)with Agamenmnon and rejoin the battle. The god Hephaestus forge(打造)Achilles a new suit of armor.,A,14,Content Abstract(4),Not expecting

13、 Achilles to rejoin the battle , Hector has ordered his men to camp outside the walls of Troy. Achilles cuts down every Trojan he sees. Strengthened by his rage , he even fights with the river god Xanthus .The goddess Athena tricks Hector into fighting with Achilles directly. In a dramatic duel(决斗),

14、 Achilles kills Hector. He then lashes(鞭打) the body to the back of his chariot（战车） and drags it across the battlefield to the Achaean camp and drags Hectors body in circles around Patrocluss funeral bier(棺材) everyday. The gods agree that Hector deserves a proper burial. So Zeus sends the god Hermes

15、to escort（陪同） King Priam, Hectors father and the ruler of Troy, into the Achaean camp. Parim tearfully pleads with Achilles to take on a father bereft (失去)of his son and return Hectors body. Deeply moved, Achilles finally relents（变温和） and return Hectors body. Then both sides agree to a temporary tru

16、ce（停战） ,and Hector receives a heros funeral. The story ends up here.,A,15,Achilles stabs Hector in the shoulder with a spear and then in the stomach with his sword. Then Hector dies.,A,16,“You lost your cousin, now youve taken mine. When does it end?”,A,17,Heroes dead, but the war didnt stop.,Ulysse

17、s and his Trojan horse,A,18,The ruins of Troy city,A,19,King Priam,King Agamemnon,Hector,Achilles,Athena,Apollo,Greek States Union,Troy,VS,“For my mother ,the silver feet goddess, tells meI carry two sorts of destiny toward the day of my death. Either,if I stay here and fight beside the city of the

18、Trojans,I would never back, but my glory shall be everlasting;but if I return home to the beloved land of my fathers,the excellence of my glory is gone, but there will be a long lifeleft for me, and my end in death will not come to me quickly.”,A,20,阿基琉斯为正义/荣誉/女人而怒？ “我的母亲对我说过， 我带着两种命运，走向死的末日， 如果呆在这里

19、，战斗在特洛伊人的城边， 我就返家无望，但却可赢得永久的光荣； 如果返回家园，回到我所热爱的故乡， 我的光荣和荣誉将不复存在 是的，但死的终期将不会匆匆临头”,A,21,母爱： 说这句话的忒提斯的额头已经有了斑白的头发，不朽的女神也开始走到生命的尽头。她既想自己的儿子留下来，又知道这场战争对他的意义对勇士的最高奖赏莫过于势均力敌的战斗，于是她的眼光中便充满了矛盾与不舍阿喀琉斯听了之后，眼睛看到了很远很远的地方而她的目光始终追随着儿子，她的眼神既深邃又清澈。,BACK,A,22,Achilles The firstwarriorin Greek mythology, displayed as t

20、he star, the hero, and yet he fights for the glory, who are displayed as brutal warriors under the rule of a greedy tyrant, Agamemnon.,Hector TroyPrince, displayed as a family man: He doesnt want to go to war, hed rather stay home with his wife and newborn child, but he is loyal to Troy and must fig

21、ht for her. He was killed by Achilles in the duel.,In this epic I appreciate two men mostly, one is Achilles, the other is Hector.,A,23,A,24,阿基琉斯的愤怒是我的主题,荷马借阿基琉斯的愤怒表达了对专制制度的怀疑，虽然没有提出明确的答案，但却启发了一个伟大的文明希腊城邦民主。它的生命力一直流淌到现代文明的肌体之中。 因此，阿基琉斯比赫克托耳的更胜一筹，并不只是在武力和个人任性上，真正的原因在于他的精神层面，他是精神领域的开拓者,A,25,赫克托耳注定无法拯救

22、自己的国家，但作为特洛伊的王子，父亲的长子，国家的支柱，作为一个家庭的依靠，一个丈夫，一个父亲，他都做的非常完美。即使是最后倒在阿基琉斯剑下，都绝没有一点点耻辱，那种关键时刻无私无畏的勇气，那种对于国家的责任，使他成为了永恒。 他的眼中始终交织着坚毅和悲伤也许让他早早死去是对他的一种仁慈，如果真的要让他眼睁睁的看到城破人亡，是否才真是一种撕心裂肺的绝望呢？,A,26,Agamemnon The Commander ofthe GreekArmy, displayed as the greedy tyrant who wants to rule Troy city. He fights for

23、his own desire.,Priam The king of Troy, displayed as a tragic hero. As a formerall-powerfulhero, in thefall of Troy, he wasstabbed to deathby Achilles, and his eldest sonalsodiedin thisprotracted war. He fights for his country and people. .,Leaders ofthe two oppositionparties,A,27,阿伽门农的转变,因为战局的压力，阿伽

24、门农也放下了高傲的身份，作为一个战士走上了血与火的战场。于是荷马一改否定态度，热情洋溢地歌颂他的神勇：在血与火的洗礼中!不劳而获、专横怕死的君王消失了!希腊人又多了一位真正的英雄。,A,28,父爱 其实，掌管特洛伊的老人从儿子领着海伦登陆的那一刻，便清楚地知道了亡国的命运，泰山崩于前而不变色，他沉吟片刻，还是和颜悦色地在小辈们的额头上轻轻一吻，这样的爱，是抛却江山社稷的大气度。他更希望保留和捍卫的是特洛伊民族不朽的精神，而不是保不住的城邦。 当他来到阿基琉斯的帐篷，抱住他的双膝，亲吻那双杀死他儿子的双手，注视着他的脸蓝色的眼睛显得有点朦胧，但是却十分坚定他祈求他让他将儿子的尸体带回特洛伊举行最

25、后的国葬，甚至愿意冒着让阿基琉斯杀死的危险。 普里阿摩斯的行为看似疯狂，但白发人送黑发人的痛楚却被代之以更惊人的勇气最优秀的儿子战死在更狂野的敌人手里，他在命运面前没有犹豫和退避。 难怪阿基琉斯赞扬他，“你比阿伽门农伟大得多” ,A,29,Paris The prince of Troy, displayed as the Romantic amorous Young prince, who fell in love with Helen, the queen of Sparta. he fights for love, and hekills Achilles with thearrowin

26、his heel.,Helen the queen of Sparta, displayed as a very beautiful womenin that time, just like a Chinese women Chen Yuanyuan in the Qing dynasty. Helen eloped with Paris, which became the blasting fuse of the Trojan War.,The fuse ofwar,A,30,特洛伊精神的代表之一：帕里斯 帕里斯，战场上的失败者，被美神营救回到保卫海伦的军队里。他应该呆在家里他辉煌的宫殿里，

27、而不是在战场上。但他知道他的力量就是对他的大限；他镇定地回答海伦的嘲笑，平静地接受兄弟们严厉的申斥，声称战争不是生活的全部，卓越的人自然有他存在的重要性： “别嘲笑我，当我面对阿佛洛狄忒的金色礼物。 别扔下不管， 那是神的礼物，那些光荣 不论是什么，神已经给了他们拥有的自由愿望”（3，7780）,A,31,海伦的美：不属于她，而是国家荣誉的象征 “阿喀琉斯的愤怒”只是伊利亚特构成矛盾发展的一条明线，而帕里斯和海伦的爱情，则是内在地决定这部史诗情节进程的一条暗线。 希腊人在战争上为之献身的，不是美的物质身影，而是美的一种精神形象荣誉和尊严。在这一点上，海伦的美与阿基琉斯的盛怒具有内在的密切联系。

28、,A,32,Odysseus The King of Ithaca, displayed as the wisest man in all of the Greeks. He thinks out the scheme Trojan Horse to break the deadlock.,Briseis The priestess of Troy, displayed as a firm and persistent girl, who is kind and beautiful so that wins Achilles love. But their love ended in trag

29、edy like Romeoand Juliet.,A,33,Brief introduction about iliad.,The Iliad contains over 15,000 lines, and it talks about the trojan war, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy by Greek states union. The theme of iliad is to praise the hero in clan society. The view of Iliad supports that war is a pro

30、per, reasonable and great business. At the same time, iliad also shows the cruelty, catastrophe and sadness that the war bring us. In the end , heroes death gently condemn the cruel war in which life is nothing.,A,34,In this epic, we can see love ,betray ,glory ,politic, culture , gods, ancient civi

31、lization, friendship and a lot of things about humanity. To some extent humanity is the only thing that never change through the long history. So we can find something hide deeply in our heart by looking at the ancient ways people treats each other.,In the war, everyone is a loser.,A,35,Love and hate, Victory anddefeat are eternal theme ofHomer. For those people whoin