第二单元：新发展英语.ppt

1、,How to Grow Old,I. Intensive Reading,Text Comprehension,Skill Building,Fast Reading,Unit 2,Detailed Reading,After Reading,Before Reading,Part I Intensive Reading,How to Grow Old,study focus,1. Reflect on the virtue of aging accompanying the decline of life. 2. Learn useful words and expressions rel

2、ated to the aging process, longevity and personalities of elderly people. 3. Learn to use the structures: the appositive clause; tooto; be to; no more than, etc. 4. Learn to write faxes. 5. Read further about the commendable attitudes and lifestyles followed by some elderly people.,Discuss the follo

3、wing questions with your partners. 1. Compare “the old” with “the young” and, with the help of an elderly relative, find out whether and how your understanding differs from the elders. 2. What do you think are some of the essential qualities that make an elder a pleasant and approachable person to o

4、thers?,Preparation,For More,Preparation,For More,3. Lots of people advanced in age tend to feel upset by uselessness and insignificance. Do you consider this natural or undesirable? Cite instances from your own knowledge and experience to support your view.,key,B. Read the following sentences carefu

5、lly and work out the meaning of the underlined words and expressions.,Preparation,For More,1. Normans constant drinking drives his family to despair. 2. Please state your name, age and marital status. 3. She is a British citizen but lives in India.,key,Preparation,End,4. We waited at the station in

6、anticipation of her arrival. 5. The car accident has caused severe injuries to his head and neck. 6. The picture you bought was similar to the one in my room.,translate,Text Study,Pre-Reading,After-Reading,pause,Para. 1a Even before leaving the White House, Rosalynn and I received a notice from the

7、American Association of Retired Persons that we were qualified for membership, but we considered ourselves too young to face the stigma of senior citizenship. However, once back in Plains the point was to be driven home most firmly and clearly.,The Virtue of Aging By Jimmy Carter,translate,Text Stud

8、y,Pre-Reading,After-Reading,pause,Para. 1b We live 120 miles south of Atlanta and habitually drive back and forth to The Carter Center and to Emory University, where I am a professor. One morning we left our house quite early and stopped to eat breakfast in Thomaston, Georgia, about halfway to Atlan

9、ta. There were four of us in the car, and we all ordered about the same thing. But when the waitress brought my bill, I noticed that it was less than the others.,translate,Text Study,Pre-Reading,After-Reading,pause,Para. 1c Perhaps seeking credit for being an honest customer, I called her back and b

10、egan to tell her that she had made a mistake. An older farmer, dressed in overalls, was sitting at a nearby table and apparently overheard my conversation. He looked over at us and called out in a loud voice, “Your bill aint no mistake, Mr. President. Before eight oclock they give free coffee to sen

11、ior citizens.”,translate,Text Study,Pre-Reading,After-Reading,pause,Para. 2 A wave of laughter began at our table, and it still resonated through the restaurant as I paid my bill and hurried back to the car. For several weeks afterward, every time we approached Thomaston I knew that someone would sa

12、y, “Why dont we stop here for breakfast? Theres free coffee for some of us!”,translate,Text Study,Pre-Reading,After-Reading,pause,Para. 3 In the years since returning home, Rosalynn and I have been through some severe tests and have struggled to find the best way to retain our self-confidence, evolv

13、e an interesting and challenging life, and build better relations with other people. As weve grown older the results have been surprisingly good.,translate,Text Study,Pre-Reading,After-Reading,pause,Para. 4a The first time I fully realized how much our lives had changed was when I approached my seve

14、ntieth birthday. In one of her hour-long special interviews, Barbara Walters covered all the aspects of my life, from the farm to submarines, from business to the governors mansion, service in the White House, and from president back home to Plains.,translate,Text Study,Pre-Reading,After-Reading,pau

15、se,Para. 4b Then she asked me a question that required some serious thought: “Mr. President, you have had a number of exciting and challenging careers. What have been your best years?” After a few moments I responded with absolute certainty: “Now is the best time of all.” She was surprised, and aske

16、d, “Why?”,translate,Text Study,Pre-Reading,After-Reading,pause,Para. 5 I fumbled with some thoughts about time for reflection, spending more time with my family, and a chance to correct some of my former errors. Afterward I realized how inadequate my glib, thirty-second answer had been, and I discus

17、sed with Rosalynn how profoundly differentand pleasantwas the reality of our senior years.,translate,Text Study,Pre-Reading,After-Reading,pause,Para. 6a It is clear that in some ways Rosalynn and I are not typical, having been the First Family of a great nation, a special status that cuts both ways,

18、 with benefits and liabilities. But in almost every aspect of our life, our challenges have been similar to those of tens of millions of families who face the later years with a mixture of problems and opportunities, doubts and anticipation, despair and hope.,translate,Text Study,Pre-Reading,After-R

19、eading,pause,Para. 6b Weve had to address a common question: How could we ensure that our retired years would be happy, and maybe even productive? (566 words),Ethics and Moral Concepts,Team work,Discuss the following topics with your teammates. You may use the given topic-related words and expressio

20、ns.,1. How do you think elderly people should face aging as an inevitable part of a normal lifespan? We have learned from the authors experience that the process of aging involves being through some severe tests. What possible kinds of “severe tests” as you would imagine are common to elderly people

21、?,For More,Team work,End,2. Supposing you were old, what would you possibly do in answer to the “common question” raised by the author at the end of the article?,Word and Expressions,Team work,Useful topic-related words and expressions Verbs: mumble; decline; reject; diminish; develop; broaden; expa

22、nd; enlarge; maintain; establish; explore; involve; address, etc. Nouns: growth; distortion; self-confidence; obligation ; mortality; longevity; memory; youth; vigor; burden; infancy; experience; wisdom; age-defying, etc.,Team work,Adjectives: mature; mellow; sage; wise; junior; senior; amiable; too

23、thless; grumpy; nearsighted; hard-of-hearing; wrinkled; antique; stale; oppressive; dependent; appealing; alienated, etc.,KEY ( 1 2 ),Team work （key）,For More,1. Being old involves two aspects. One is being old on the outside, or “looking old”; the other is being old inside, or being old mentally or

24、 psychologically. Though all people enter their old age eventually, this is not something to be dreaded. To me, “looking old” should not be as fearsome as “feeling old”, which is absolutely injurious and defeating. In The View from Eighty, Malcolm Cowley, the famous American critic and poet, tells u

25、s that a person in old age should learn to play a new role and play it well so that he will be rewarded with the many “autumnal pleasures”,Team work （key）,For More,he has never enjoyed before. So, I think an aging person, despite all the problems and difficulties accompanying old age, should adopt a

26、 realistic attitude, remain young at heart, and try his best to make his later years no less happy and meaningful than when he was young. In this regard, the author Jimmy Carter and his wife have set a very fine example. The severe tests in the process of aging, according to my understanding, involv

27、e mainly the physical infirmities and weaknesses that often result in problems and difficulties in daily life.,Team work （key）,Besides, there are often psychological problems associated with aging, like the feeling of uselessness, insignificance, and even the fear of death. The best and the most imp

28、ortant way for elderly people to stand and even pass these tests, to me, is to adopt a realistic attitude, retain their self-confidence and go in for whatever is interesting to them and within their capabilities. In this way, they will be able to make their senior years enjoyable, satisfying and mea

29、ningful.,End,Team work （key）,For More,2. Supposing I was an old person now, the first thing I would take care of should be a sensible and proper understanding of role transition. That means I would have to get well adjusted to the unpleasant changes coming with old age. First of all, an open mind wo

30、uld be essential for success in this role transition because there must be so many important things to be tackled with an open mind, including family matters, friendships, health problems and concerns in daily life. Another important principle would be staying independent,Team work （key）,taking char

31、ge of my own daily affairs and relying on myself as much as possible. Keeping active by engaging in whatever is good to my physical and mental health is also vital to a productive senior life. Therefore, I would spare no efforts to be open-minded, independent and active if one day I became old.,End,

32、Joke,英语笑话,For More,Insurer A: How is your parents? Applicant: Both my mother and father were died of heart attach at their age of 30s. Insurer A: Sorry we can not accept your life insurance. You are very likely to develop heart disease very soon. Insurer B: How is your parents?,Joke,英语笑话,For More,Ap

33、plicant: They are very well. Both of them are teaching in a basketball association. Insurer B: How is your grandparents? Applicants: My grandpa died at the age of 93 when he was playing football and fell on the floor by accident. My grandma died at the age of 98 when she was ridding a horse and fell

34、 down from the horseback.,Joke,End,保险公司A: 你父母身体怎样? 投保者: 他们在30多岁的时候死于心脏病. 保险公司A: 很抱歉我们不能接受你的投保,因为你不久就得心脏病的可能性很大. 保险公司B: 你父母身体怎样? 投保者: 他们都健在,在一家篮球协会做教练. 保险公司B: 你祖父祖母呢? 投保者: 祖父死的时候93岁,他当时正在踢足球,不小心摔在地上就去世了.祖母死的时候98岁,当时正在骑马,可不小心从马背上摔下来了.,Click here,music,罗克赛特(Roxette)，90年代瑞典第一支以前卫的形象和动听的摇滚流行乐风靡全球的组合。Roxe

35、tte由Marie Fredriksson 和Per Gessle 组成。他们以特有的瑞典民谣风格的歌曲很快征服了瑞典进而席卷了整个美国。,Roxette的一首经典英文歌曲Queen of Rain，在多雨的盛夏听来别有滋味。时光流逝，伤感的雨声似乎代表心灵的遗忘，Marie富有穿透力的嗓音在雨中回响，最爱那句“Time went by as I wrote yor name in the sky, fly fly away, bye bye. ”离开也会很有力量！,lyric,For More,In that big big house there are fifty doors 在那间偌大

36、的房子里，有五十扇门 and one of them leads to your heart. 其中之一通向你的心灵 In the time of spring I passed your gate 春季时，我经过你的门前 and tried to make a start. 试图开始一段故事 All I knew 过去我只知道 was the scent of sea and dew 大海和露水的气息 but Ive been in love before, 但我曾坠入爱河,Queen of Rain 雨之皇后,lyric,For More,how about you? 你是否也和我一样？

37、Theres a time for the good in life, a time to kill the pain in life, dream about the sun you queen of rain. 现在该开始美好的生活了，斩断曾有的痛苦梦想着阳光，我是雨之皇后 In that big old house there are fifty beds and one of them leads to your soul. 在那间大大的旧房子里，有五十张床其中之一通向你的灵魂 Its a bed of fear, a bed of threats, regrets and sheet

38、s so cold.,lyric,For More,那是一张充满了恐惧威胁和悔恨的床，覆盖着冰冷的床单 All I knew 过去我只知道 your eyes so velvet blue, 你的眼光如此温柔忧郁 Ive been in love before,我曾坠入爱河 how about you? 你是否也和我一样？ Theres a time for the good in life, 现在该开始美好的生活了 a time to kill the pain in life, 斩断曾有的痛苦 dream about the sun you queen of rain. 梦想着阳光，我是雨

39、之皇后,lyric,For More,Its time to place you bets in life, 是时候该在生命中重下赌注 Ive played the losers game of life, 我曾在生命的游戏中成为失败者 dream about the sun you queen of rain. 梦想着阳光，我是雨之皇后 Time went by as I wrote yor name in the sky, 时光流逝，当我把你的名字写在空中 fly fly away, bye bye. 飘走吧，飘走吧，再见 Its time to place you bets in lif

40、e,lyric,是时候该在生命中重下赌注 Ive played the losers game of life, 我曾在生命的游戏中成为失败者 dream about the sun you queen of rain. 梦想着阳光，我是雨之皇后 dream about the sun you queen of rain. 梦想着阳光，我是雨之皇后 END,End,Pre-reading Preparation: B (key),despair：绝望 status ：身份, 地位 citizen ：公民, 国民 anticipation ：预测; 预期; 期盼 severe ：严重的, 剧烈的

41、 similar to ：与类似,Jimmy Carter,吉米 卡特(1924)，1977 年至1981 年当选美国第39 任总统。1975 年出版自传为什么不是最好的？以后又陆续写了一个与其人民一样诚实的政府(1977 年) 和保持信心：一个总统的回忆录(1982年)。1990 年7 月4 日获费城自由勋章。1995 年1月10 日获得1994 年度联合国教科文组织设立的费利克斯 乌弗埃博瓦尼和平奖。因其为全球和平、裁军和发展所作的贡献， 1997 年11,For More,Jimmy Carter,月获印度英 甘地纪念基金会授予的97 年度英 甘地奖。1998 年12月10 日获1998

42、 年度联合国人权奖。本文节选自卡特老龄的优势。他在接受基督教科学箴言报的一次采访时说，退休提供了“数量无限的”选择和探索这些选择的自由。,End,The Carter Center,卡特中心，位于美国佐治亚州的亚特兰大，隶属美国南方名校艾默瑞大学，是由美国前总统吉米 卡特和前第一夫人罗莎琳 卡特于1982 年建立的非赢利、非政府性组织。卡特中心的宗旨是为和平奋斗，与疾病抗争，打造希,For More,望，致力于世界和平、民主人权、医疗健康三大方面的工作。成立20 余年来，卡特总统和夫人带领中心的工作人员,The Carter Center,活跃于世界的各个角落，观摩了几十个国家的总统和议会选举

43、，为许多国家的农业发展和经济腾飞献策献力。卡特本人因此获得2002 年度的诺贝尔和平奖。,End,Barbara Walters,芭芭拉 沃尔特斯，传媒界的一个传奇人物。她生于1931 年9 月25 日，在美国纽约和迈阿密市长大，大学毕业后进入NBC 工作，于1961 年开始主持著名的今日秀访谈节目，后与人合作主持今天新闻节目。1972 年作为NBC 采访组成员，亲历并全程报道了尼克松总统对中国的历史性访问。1976 年和美国ABC 电视台签约，成为美国历史上第一位电视新闻节目女主播，当时轰动美国朝野。,For More,Barbara Walters,在过去的四分之一的世纪中，芭芭拉采访过尼

44、克松和尼克松之后的每一位总统和第一夫人、无数的明星和各种处于新闻中心的人物。鉴于其在新闻专访里的骄人战绩，她被媒体誉为“美国电视新闻第一夫人”。,End,Para. 1a 我和罗莎莉还没有离开白宫时就收到 美国退休人员协会入会的通知，但我们自以为还 算年轻，不至于要被贴上“老年群体”的标签。然 而，一回到普莱恩斯，这一问题就切切实实、毫 不含糊地摆在了我们面前。,Translation,年老的价值 吉米卡特,Translation,Para. 1b 我们住在亚特兰大以南120 英里的地方， 经常驾车往返于卡特中心和我任教的艾默瑞大学。 一天清晨我们早早出门去亚特兰大，中途停车在佐 治亚州的托马

45、斯顿吃早餐。车上四个人点的几乎都 是一样的早点，但是当女招待把账单拿来时我发现 自己比别人花的少。,Translation,Para. 1c 也许是为了证明自己是一个诚实的顾 客，我把她叫过来对她说她弄错了，邻桌一个穿 工装背带裤的老农显然听到了我们的谈话，他向 我们看过来并大声喊道：“总统先生，你的账单 没错。八点前老年人可以在这里喝免费咖啡！”,Translation,Para. 2 我们一桌人顿时笑开了锅，当我付完账 赶回车里时，还能听到餐厅里回响着阵阵笑声。 几个星期后，每当我们走近那里，我知道总会有人 说：“为什么不停在这里吃早饭呢？我们中某些人 可以喝到免费咖啡噢！”,Transl

46、ation,Para. 3 在返乡之后的日子里，我和罗莎莉经历了 一些严酷的磨练，我们一直努力寻找最好的方法来 保持自信，追求充满乐趣和挑战的生活并与他人建 立良好的关系。当我们一天天变老，结果却出人意 料地好起来。,Translation,Para. 4b 之后，她问了我一个需要认真考虑的问 题：“总统先生，你的职业生涯一度激动人心并富 有挑战性，对您而言最美好的时光是什么时候?” 略思片刻，我很肯定地回答：“就是现在。”她非常 惊讶：“为什么?”,Translation,Para. 4a 就在我慢慢步入70 岁时，我充分意识 到我们的生活发生了多么大的变化。在一次长达一 小时的专访中，芭芭

47、拉 沃尔特斯谈及我生活的各 个方面，从农场到潜水艇，从商务到在白宫大楼的 政府工作，从当总统到返回普莱恩斯。,Translation,Para. 5 我在脑子里努力搜寻着答案：现在有了反 思的时间，有了享受天伦之乐的时间，还有了弥补 以往过错的机会。事后，我意识到自己那30 秒钟 不假思索的回答是多么地肤浅，而我和罗莎莉所谈 论的我们的晚年生活却有着多么深刻的改变和多么 巨大的快乐！,Translation,Para. 6a 很明显，在某些方面，我和罗莎莉并不 具代表性，因为我们曾经是一个伟大国家的第一家 庭，拥有一个得失兼具、既有利益也有责任的特殊 地位。但是，几乎在生活的所有方面，我们所面

48、临 的挑战与其他千千万万的家庭始终是一样的，即如 何去面对那问题与机遇、疑惑与期待、失望与希望 交织的晚年生活。,Translation,Para. 6b 我们一直必须面对并解决一个共同问 题，那就是：如何才能让我们退休的日子过得愉快 开心，甚至可能是富有价值的？,association,n. 协会，社团 e.g. a. The association is having its annual conference next week. 该协会在下个星期举行年度会议。 b. Does China has an association for the handicapped. 中国有残疾人协会吗

49、?,stigma,n. 耻辱 e.g. a. For children, being fat carries a stigma that starts early. 孩子们很早就开始感觉肥胖令人羞耻。 b. Unfortunately, theres still a stigma attached to mental illness. 不幸的是，精神疾病仍然被看作是一件羞耻的事情。,senior,adj. 整句话可理解为However, once we were back in Plains, we were to be reminded unmistakably that we were a

50、lready senior citizens.,End,Para.1,4. Perhaps seeking credit for being an honest customer, I called her backa mistake. (Para. 1) seek credit 的意思是“获得信誉”，此处perhaps seeking credit for being an honest customer 为现在分词短语作原因状语，可译为“也许是为了获得作为诚信顾客的声誉，”。,End,Para.1,For More,5. He looked over at us and called ou

51、t in a loud voice, “Your bill aint no mistake” (Para. 1) 1) call out: to say or speak in a loud voice“大声说出” e.g. a. The teacher called out the names of everyone in the class. 教师在班上大声点名。 b. The frightened child called out for help. 受惊的孩子大声呼救。,Para.1,For More,比较： e.g. a. The soldiers have been called

52、out (=have been given orders) to help fight fires. 士兵们奉命去帮助灭火。 b. Doctors are often called out (=are asked to go to see a patient at home) in the middle of the night. 医生常在半夜受请出诊。,Para.1,c. The coalminers were called out (=were ordered to go on strike) by the Union officials. 煤矿工人受工会官员指示举行罢工。 2) Your

53、 bill aint no mistake: Your bill has no mistake. aint 为口语中am not，is not，are not，has not 或 have not 的缩略形式，是不规范的用法；aint no. 并不表示双重否定，在意义上仍只是一般的否定， 也是不规范的用法，常见于美国英语口语。,For More,Para.1,e.g. “You aint nothing but (=are nothing but) a boy. You dont need a gun.” “你不过是个孩子，你不需要枪。”,End,Para.2,For More,6. , ev

54、ery time we approached Thomaston I knew that (Para. 2) every time（或each time，each moment等）可用作连词引出时间状语从句，表示“每当”，“每次”，相当于whenever： e.g. a. Every time you help somebody else, you help yourself. 每当你帮助别人时，也在帮助你自己。,Para.2,b. Each time you face a fear, you are better prepared to challenge the next one. 每当你

55、正视恐惧的时候，你都为挑战下一次恐惧做了更好的准备。,End,Para.3,For More,7. , Rosalynn and I have been through some severe tests and have struggled to find the best way to retain our self-confidence, evolve an interesting and challenging life, and build better relations with other people. (Para. 3) 形容词severe 为多义词，此处意为“严峻的，严酷

56、的；艰难的”。e.g. a. Competition for university places has been increasingly severe these years. 这些年来考大学的竞争日益激烈。,Para.3,For More,b. The underwater trials will provide the severest test of the engines capabilities. 水下试验将是对这种发动机性能最为严峻的 考验。 a. The severe (=very serious) pain on the back made him come to afte

57、r the accident. 事故发生后，背部的剧痛使他苏醒过来。 b. It is the severest (=coldest) winter for 10 years. 这是十年来最寒冷的冬天。,Para.3,End,c. The teacher had a severe (=stern) look on her face. 这老师脸上神色严厉。 d. Although the church is old, it has the severe (=plain) beauty of a simple building. 尽管这座教堂很古老了，但它有着那种简单朴实建筑的朴素美感。 2) 本

58、句中way 后接 to retain our self-confidence, evolve an interesting and challenging life, buildbetter relations with other people 三个并列的不定式短语作定语。,submarine,n. 潜水艇，潜艇 e.g. a. The submarines surfaced. 潜艇浮出了水面。,b. We saw a submarine come to the top. 我们看见一艘潜艇浮出水面。,Para.4,For More,8. The first time I fully real

59、ized how much our lives had changed was when I approached my seventieth birthday. (Para. 4) 本句中The first time I fully realized.was when. 意为“我第一次是在”；when I approached. 为表语从句；I fully realized 为定语从句，修饰主语the first time，从句前省 略了关系副词(when / that)。又如：,Para.4,The last time (when / that) I saw her was when she came to Nanjing on business five years ago. 我最后一次见到她是5 年前她来南京出差的那次。 比较： a. The first time he tried to make a public speech, he was laughed off the stage. 他第一次作公开演讲时，被笑声轰下了台。 b. Give us a call next time youre in town. 下次进城时给我们打个电话。,End,Para.4,