句子成分及简单句的翻译

1、英语句子成分,简单句的翻译,及,目录页,英语句子成分及简单句的翻译,Step 1,Step 2,Step 3,Step 4,Step 5,句子成分的定义与分类,句子基本成分详解,句子附属成分详解,较复杂简单句的翻译,Contents,翻入前页,跳入后页,一般简单句的翻译,翻入前页,返回目录页,跳入后页,句子成分的定义与分类,其中，主语、谓语（主要是动词）、宾语、宾语补足语及表语称为句子的基本成分。 而定语及状语称为句子的附属成分。,组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分，常包括主语、谓语（主要由动词充当）、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。,1、定义,2、分类,英语简单句的基本句型,1. S+V 此

2、句型的特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语 He laughed. John has read widely. He lives in London.,2. S+V+O 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,必须跟有一个宾语。如: Our team beat all the others.,3. S+V+P 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。 常见的系动词有:be(是),become(成为),get(变得),turn(变得),grow(变得),look(看起来),fe

3、el(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如: The rose smells sweet.,4. S+V+INO+DO 此句型的特点是:谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语 Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua?,5. S+V+O+OC此句型的特点是:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分

4、(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明 We must keep our school clean. They made him their monitor.,翻入前页,跳入后页,返回目录页,1 主语：表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事物。一般由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当。如：,Lucy is an American girl. We study at Zhuhai No.1 Middle School. The rich should help the poor. Reading makes a man full. That he are always late makes me an

5、gry. To learn English well is easy for you.,翻入前页,跳入后页,返回目录页,2 谓语：说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样。谓语部分主要的词是动词。谓语在人称和数方面必须和主语一致。,The sun rises in the east. He likes English. Her parents are workers. She is running.,翻入前页,跳入后页,返回目录页,3 宾语：表示动作或行为的对象。 一般由名词、代词或相当于名词或代 词的词或短语充当，和vt（及物动词）一起来说明主语做什么。 如：,He often helps me. W

6、e study English at school. He often helps who are in trouble.,翻入前页,跳入后页,返回目录页,4 宾语补足语：表示宾语的身份、状态、特性或宾语所做的动作。由名词、形容词、不定式、或介词短语和分词充当。 如：,Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. His parents named him Jim. We found the book very interesting. Lucy asked him to turn down the radio,翻入前页,跳入后页,返回目录页,5 表语：说明主语是什么或怎么样。

7、由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。 如：,You are a student. He looks nice. We are at home yesterday. You dont need to be what other people want you to.,翻入前页,返回目录页,跳入后页,句子附属成分详解,总体认识,基本成分的修饰语称为句子的附属成分。可以是： 定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 状语：即用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的单词、短语或从句。,翻入前页,跳入后页,返回目录页,1 简单的定语：用来修饰名词的单词。由代词、数词、形容词或相当

8、于形容词的词或短语充当。 如：,Whats your name, please? We have seven lessons a day. The black pen is hers.,翻入前页,跳入后页,返回目录页,定语的拓展,定语除了是用来修饰名词的单词外，还可以是用来修饰名词的短语或定语从句。,Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby People there like sports. She likes oranges imported from the USA. Have you seen the book on the desk? Th

9、e boy playing over there is my brother. John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrations,翻入前页,跳入后页,返回目录页,2 简单的状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式或程度，常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语表示。 如：,They worked hard. Its very nice. We had lunch at school today. My father worked in this school ten years ago.,翻

10、入前页,跳入后页,返回目录页,状语的拓展,状语除了是用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的单词或介词短语外，还可以是动词不定式、分词短语或状语从句。,John often came to chat with me She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday.,翻入前页,跳入后页,返回目

11、录页,一般简单句的翻译,翻译的一般顺序：主+谓+宾+宾补+状。,注意：,1、定语的位置不确定，它修饰哪个词就放在哪个词的前或后（短语或句子作定语放后）。 -,2、状语在被强调时可放前。,3、谓语要考虑时态、语态及三人称单复数等。,翻入前页,跳入后页,返回目录页,主语 动词部分 宾语 状语 （谓语） 方式、地点、时间 I bought a hat yesterday. The children ran home. The taxi driver shouted at me angrily. We ate our meal in silence. The car stopped suddenly.

12、 A young girl walked confidently in the room.,一般简单句翻译示范,翻入前页,跳入后页,返回目录页,较复杂简单句的翻译,较复杂简单句是在上述一般简单句的基础上附加上定语之后显得较长或复杂的句子。 较复杂的简单句实质上就是在一般简单句的被修饰的名词的前后将其定语附加上去就行了。,技巧点拨,翻入前页,跳入后页,返回目录页,那个男孩静静地吃了一个苹果。,站在树底下的那个小男孩静静地吃了 一个很大的从美国进口的苹果。,1、一般简单句,That boy ate an apple quietly.,2、较复杂简单句,That little boy standin

13、g under the tree ate a very big apple imported from the USA quietly.,翻入前页,返回目录页,翻译句子 在做此练习时，请注意英语有而中文无的冠词，名词单复数以及可数与不可数问题。,1. 孩子们常问我们许多问题。 2. 孩子们常问父母们许多问题。3. 我和哥哥是解放军（PLA men）。 4. 警察要这个人出示证件。5. Tom 是两个人里面较高的一个。,1. The children often ask us a lot of questions. 2. Children often ask their parents a lo

14、t of questions. 3. My brother and I are PLA men. 4. The policeman asked the man to show the papers. 5. Tom is the taller of the two.,6. 看那边的两个男孩，左边的那个是我弟弟，右边的是我的一个同学。7. John的父亲是工人。 8. 牛是有用的动物。9. 他住在学校附近。10. 昨天他感冒了。,6. Look at the two boys over there.The one on the left is my brother.The one on the r

15、ight is a schoolmate of mine. 7. Johns father is a worker. 8. The cow is a useful animal./A cow is a useful animal./Cows are useful animals. 9. He lives near the school. 10. He had a cold yesterday.,11. 下午三时，全体学生在校门口集合，欢迎美国学生。12. 美国学生将参观图书馆，校办厂，实验楼，教学楼和游泳池。13. 学生会将举办晚会来欢迎美国朋友。14. 讲座内容是“美国教育”。15. 除英语

16、外，我的其他功课也很好。,11. All ofthe students will meet at the school gate at 3 thisafternoon, andgive the American students a warm welcome. 12. The American students will visit the school library, the school factory, the school lab building, the classroom building and theswimming pool. 13. The Student Union

17、is going to hold a party to welcome our friends from the United States. 14. The lecture is about the education of America. 15. Besides English , Im good at other subjects, too.,16. 美籍教师 Black 夫妇将来班里与学生座谈。 17. Alice 买了些蔬菜，但她没买水果。 18. 再来点咖啡好吗？ 19. 你能给我提些建议吗？ 20. 我需要一些信息。,16. The American teachers, Mr.

18、 and Mrs. Black, will come and havetalkswith the students. 17. Alice bought some vegetables, but she didnt buy any fruit. 18. Would you like some more coffee? 19. Can you give me some advice? 20. I need some information.,1. The children often ask us a lot of questions.2. Children often ask their par

19、ents a lot of questions.3. My brother and I are PLA men.4. The policeman asked the man to show the papers.5. Tom is the taller of the two.6. Look at the two boys over there.The one on the left is my brother.The one on the right is a schoolmate of mine.7. Johns father is a worker.8. The cow is a useful animal./A cow is a useful animal./Cows are useful animals.9. He lives near the school.10. He had a cold yesterday.11. All ofthe students will meet at the school gate at 3 thisafternoon, andgive the American students a warm wel