初高中衔接(时态与语态)(上课)

1、初高中英语衔接教学 谓语动词的时态和语态,谓语动词的时态和语态,谓语动词的时态：动作发生的时间决定了动词的形态。,do 或does,is (am/ are) doing,have/ has done,did,was/ were doing,had done,would do或was/ were going to do,will do 、shall do 或 is / am / are going to do,1.一般现在时：主语是第三人称单数时动词+s的变化规则 1)直接加s. 如：get/gets play/plays 2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加es. 如：watch/wa

2、tches 3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加es. 如：study/studies,2.现在/过去进行时：动词+ing 变化规则 1) 直接加ing. 如：climb/climbing 2) 去e加ing. 如：write/writing 3) 双写加ing. 如：run/running,3. A) 规则动词的过去式、过去分词：动词+ed 一般过去时：变为过去式 现在/过去完成时：have/has/had+过去分词; 被动语态：be+过去分词 1.直接在词尾加-ed. 如：ask-asked 2.以不发音e结尾的动词直接加d. 如：arrive-arrived 3.辅音字母+y 结

3、尾，y改成i+ed. 如：studystudied 元音字母+y 结尾，直接+ed 如：played 4.双写最后的辅音字母再加ed. 如：stopstopped B)不规则动词的过去式、过去分词（见不规则动词表） 如：bewas/were- been,give give/ gives 2) is / am/ are giving 3) have/ has given 4) gave 5) was/ were giving 6) had given 7) would give was/ were going to give 8) will give is/ am / are going to

4、give,learn 1) learn/ learns 2) is/ am/ are learning 3) have/ has learned 4) learned 5) was/ were learning 6) had learned 7) would learn was/ were going to learn 8) will learn is/ am/ are going to learn,如何判断谓语动词的时态（动作发生的时间）,一.一般现在时 (do/ does) (表示客观事实或真理; 表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态. 常用的时间状语有sometimes / often /

5、 always /usually/ seldom/ every (morning) / on Sundays / in the morning等 ),future,past,now,The earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100. 3. We always care for each other and help each other. 4. The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. 5. Columbus proved that the earth is round.,future,past,now

6、,二. 一般过去时 (did) (表示过去发生的动作或状态或过去经常习惯性发生的动作. 常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示). 时间状语有:last week / two days ago / the other day / in 1990 /this morning / just now/ in the past/ yesterday/ often等. 注意: 凡有具体的过去时间状语的均用一般过去时,I met him in the street yesterday. 2. The students went to the Great Wall last Sunday. 3.

7、 When she was in Shanghai, she often came to see me. 4. We often played Ping-pong when we were in college. 5. Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.,future,past,now,三. 一般将来时( will/ shall do或 is/ am / are going to do) (表示将来要发生的动作或状态. be going to do表示打算,计划 要做的事或据已有的迹象将发生的动作。表将来的

8、时间状语有: tomorrow/ next week / in the future / soon / this evening / in two days / in 2030等),He will be back in a few days. 2. Where shall we meet the day after tomorrow? 3. We are going to have a class meeting next Monday. 4. I will/ shall return you the book as soon as possible. 5. Look at the cloud

9、s. It is going to rain.,future,past,now,四. 现在进行时( is / am / are doing ) “正” 表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作。还用在少数 表渐变的动词(get/ become/ turn/ grow/)常用的时间 状语有: now, at present, at the moment等,We are having our English class now. 2. Im looking for a pair of black shoes. 3. They are working in a factory these days.

10、 4. Im writing a book about English grammar. 5. They are visiting Beijing this week. 6. The weather is getting colder and colder.,五. 过去进行时 ( was / were doing) 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作; 或者 某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when 或while引导的时间状语从句中。常用的时间状语有:at that time at this time yesterday/ from nine to ten yeste

11、rday evening/ while all day yesterday/ the whole morning / / when,future,past,now,At that time, he was working in a university. 2. What were you doing at this time yesterday? 3. When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk. 4. He was reading a novel in the library this morning.,六. 现在完成时 ( ha

12、ve / has done)“已经” 1) 表示过去的动作对现在的影响和结果,即”从过去到现在有没 有做过某事” already/ yet/ just/ never/ ever/ twice,future,past,now,He has already finished his work. 2. We have visited the city three times. 3. I have seen this film.,2) 表示从过去某一时刻持续到现在的动作或状态. 时间状语有: for five years/ since two days ago/ so far/ by now/ til

13、l now up to now / recently/ lately/ in the past ten years. 注意: 短暂性动作不能与表示段时间连用,如: borrow-have,future,past,now,1. I have studied English for six years. 2. They have lived in the city since 1988. 3. -How long have you been here? 你到这儿多长时间了? -I have been here for an hour. 我到这儿一个小时了.,have arrived,七. 过去完成

14、时 ( had done) 1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已发生或完成的动作. 即 动作发生的时间是 “过去的过去”.,future,past,now,We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month. He found the book that he had lost. 3. I didnt know I had given you so much trouble. 4. Until then, he had known nothing about it. 5. After he (had) finished his work, he w

15、ent to bed.,2)表示从过去某一时间延续到另一过去时间的动作. 常用的 时间状语有: by +过去时间( then/ the end of last month/ by the time we got home); 段时间+before (如: two days before); for; since,future,past,now,When he came, I had worked for 3 hours. 2) She had only been here for ten minutes when Jim came in. 3) The boy told his mother

16、that he had been ill since he came back from the school.,had been working,八. 过去将来时 ( would/should do 或was/ were going to do) 表示从过去的某一时间看来要发生的动作或状态,future,past,now,I thought they would come to help me. 2. They knew that there was going to be several problems. 3. They told me that they would have a cl

17、ass meeting. 4. She said that she would go there by herself.,谓语动词的被动形态是由be done 构成. 它也有各种时态. 其变化规则是由be 的各种时态决定的. done 不变.,be,1. 动词原形: be 2. 现在分词: being 3. 过去分词: been 4. 过 去 式: was / were 5. 一般现在时: is / am / are,is/ am/ are,is/ am/ are being,have / has been,was/ were,was / were being,had been,would b

18、e,will be,情态动词 +be,1)一般现在时: You _(require) to do this 2)一般过去时: The story_(tell) by her3)一般将来时: The problem _(discuss) tomorrow4 现在进行时: The road _(widen) now. 5)过去进行时: The new tool _(make) at that time6)现在完成时: The novel _(read) many times already7)过去完成时: He said that the work _(finish)8)过去将来时: He sai

19、d that the trees_(plant) soon 9)含有情态动词: Measures _(should/take) to protect rare animals.,主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式叫主动语态 主语是动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态,are required,was told,will be discussed,is being widened,was being made,has been read,had been finished,would be planted,should be taken,1. My father will repair my bike for me. 2. Li Ping himself invented the machine. 3. I have found my wallet. 4. She told me to wai