选修7 Moudle6 Grammar.ppt

1、第一，家庭法，家庭法，家庭法。不真实或不可能发生的情况、愿望或建议、与事实相反的假设等。通常多用于形式上的文言文。1条件副词子句的用法英语中有两个条件句，即实际条件句和不这样的条件句。不真实的条件语句表明所提出的假设实现的可能性很小，或者与事实相反，在这种不真实的条件语句中，谓语动词使用了假设法。具体形式和用法如下。1)对当前情况的假设(表示与现在相反):if子句中的谓语动词使用一般的过去时态(在be中为were)，主句中的谓语动词使用should/would/could/might动词原形。If the weather were fine，they would go for a swim。天

2、气好的话就去游泳。(事实上天气不好)if we had time now，we should (would) read it again。现在有时间的话，再看一遍。(事实上现在没有时间)，2)对过去情况的假设(表示与过去情况相反):if子句中的谓语动词使用had过去分词，主句中的谓语动词使用would/should/could/mighthave过去分词。you should have laughed if you had seen him jump aside。看他往旁边跳，肯定笑了。(没有真正看到)he wouldt have been able to write such a good

3、novel if he had lived among the workers for so many years .如果他没有和工人住在一起很多年，他就写不出这样好的小说了。(实际上当时与工人生活在一起)，3)对未来情况的假设(表示将来实现的可能性不大):if子句中的谓语动词可以用三种形式：should do，were to do，动词的过去时态。主句的谓语动词使用should/would/could/might动词原型。If you dropped the glass，it would break。杯子掉了会碎的。if I were to go to the moon some，I cou

4、ld see the surface of the moon with my own eyes。如果有一天我去月球，我能亲眼看到月球表面的样子。4)有时假设的情况不是用条件句来表达，而是用介词短语或其他方式来表达。常用的单词或短语包括without、but for、otherwise、or、but等。Without your help，we could not have succeeded。没有你的帮助，我们不会成功。but for electroicity(if there were no electroicity)，there would be no modern industry。没有电

5、就没有现代产业。I ran all the way to school，otherwise I would have been late。我一直跑到学校来，要不然就迟到了。2宾语从句的用法：1)在wish和would rather后面的宾语从句中，意思是“希望”。“希望”；“没事”。句型是：主要句子主题wish/would ratherthat子句主题I wish I were rich。希望我是有钱人。I wish I hadnt told him that .如果我没告诉他。he would rather he haddent compel lent Tom money last week

6、。他希望上周没有借给汤姆钱。2)表“建议；命令“suggest、order、demand、propose、command、request、desire、in sist、recommend”等动词后面的宾语从句中，虚拟语气shoulddo的形式是I suggest we(should)set off right now .最好现在就出发。他坚持我们在会上谈论这个问题。他说。注：insist表示“主张”和suggest表示“显示”时，暗示“诗”，后续对象条款没有虚拟语气。3 it is suggested、it is requested、it was ordered、it was proposed

7、、it is necessary、it is important等结构后面的主语，以虚拟语气。it is requested that every teacher in our class(should)give a performance at the party。我们班所有的老师都要在晚会上表演节目。it is important that we(should)study both Chinese and English well when we are young。我们很年轻，所以学好汉语和英语很重要。，4在suggestion、proposal、order、plan等名词后的表语从句或

8、同义词语句中使用虚拟语气。he gave orders that the guests(should)be hospita bly entertained。他命令热情招待这些客人。the proposal that he be invited was rejected .邀请他的那个提议被拒绝了。5 as if/though领导的状语或表语从句。she always tals to me as if she were my sister。她总是用我姐姐的口气和我说话。he walks slowly as if he had hurt his leg .他走路很慢，好像腿受伤了。6 Its(高/

9、出站)time that.从句型到假设的语调。its time that you went to fetch your daughter from the kindergarten。是去幼儿园接你女儿的时候了。its high time that the weather improved。天气真好。用7if only引起的感叹词的假设语气表示愿望。If only he were here！真希望他在这里。If only I had not been ill last week！如果上周我没生病该多好啊！George is going to talk，But id rather _ _ _ _

10、_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _当Would rather接子句时，子句要用虚拟的语调，作为与当前事实相反的一般过去时态。答案：B，(2)(2010北京)the weather has been very hot and dry . yes . if it had rained even a drop，things would be much better nowAnd my vegetables _ _ _ _ _ _。awould nt die b did nt die c hadded dwould nt have died分

11、析：标题：天气炎热干燥。是啊，下点雨，现在情况好多了。我的蔬菜也不会死。这个问题测试家庭法的用法。现在从“菜都干死了”这一点来看，用与过去事实相反的语气，条件状语从句在过去完成的话，主要句子应该选择d项。答案：D，(3)(2010浙江)had I known about this computer program，A huge amount of time and energy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _a would have been saved bhad been saved c will be saved dwas saved分析：句子意思：事先知道这个计算机程序可以节省很多时间和

12、精力。过去的日子，子句是过去的日子，周子句是假设方法条件语句，意思是would/might/cold have done。答案：A，(4)(2009浙江)the dco tor recommended that you _ _ _ _ _ _ _ swim after eating A large mealawould nt bcould nt cneed nt dshould nt语法分析：检查表单动词。这个问题测试情态动词在宾语从句中的使用。Recommended给出“建议”，后跟子句时，谓语动词使用虚拟语气动词的原形。因此，d是正确的。答案：D，(5)(2009天津)this print

13、er is of good quality。if it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ breakdown within the first year，we would repair it at our expense。awouldbshould cculdmight分析：检阅假设方法。句子意思：这台打印机质量好。如果一年内坏了，我们会免费为你修理。在表示未来状态的虚拟中，子句可以使用“should动词原形”。答案：B，(6)(2009安徽)But for their help，web _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the program in time . acan not f

14、ine通过句子的意思表示对过去情况的假设，订购单需要“情态动词havedone”。答案：D，(7)(2009福建)but for the help of my English teacher，_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the first prizea would not win b would not have won c would would have won分析：审查假定色调。这里的假设语气与过去的事实相反，主要句子的谓语动词用would/shoud/could/might have done结构选择b。答：b，ii，位置副词子句，条件状语子句和让步状语子句1位置副词子句在句子

15、内用作位置副词的子句称为位置状语子句，可以放在句子的第一个、句子或末尾。地点状语从句的一般引导语是where、wherever、anywhere、everywhere、nohere等。位置副词子句是to/in/from the place(s)where.或in/to/from any place where.对应于结构。we live where the road crosses the river。我们住在河流与街道相交的地方。Make marks where you have questions。在有问题的地方做个记号。You can go anywhere you like。你想去的任

16、何地方都可以去。Where there is a will，there is a way。有志者事竟成。提示：位置副词子句通常可以转换为attributive子句，在where之前加上to/in/from the place可以是attributive子句。上面有位置副词子句的句子可以换成下面有定语从句的句子，意思不变。we live in a place where the road crosses the river。make marks in places where you have questions。you can go to anyplace where you like。in

17、places Where there is a will，there is a way。2条件副词子句在句子中用作条件副词的子句称为条件副词子句。条件副词子句可以放在句子的开头或结尾，有时放在主语和谓语之间。条件副词子句(if，unless，as/solong as，once，in case，on condition that，supposing (that)，providing()If it snows tomorrow，wewill build a snowman。如果明天下雪，我们堆雪人吧。Youll be late again unless you hurry。不快点的话，又要迟到了。as/so long as you promise to come(only if you promise to come)，ill wait for