雅思阅读第二讲是非无判断题

1、Lecture Two,TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN QUESTIONS 是非无判断题,Objectives of Lecture Two,Overview of T/F/NG questions; Principles of T/F/NG questions; Steps of doing T/F/NG questions;,TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN QUESTIONS,Overview of T/F/NG questions Based on the statistics from the last three years, T/F/NG questions i

2、n IELTS Reading is becoming more important; Normally 7-16 questions; Examiner has to judge whether the information in the questions (statements) are True/False/Not Given according to the original text;,Overview of T/F/NG questions,Most questions following the order principle; if not, key words have

3、to be found; No personal understandings, find answer from the original text; Language understanding only, no logical understanding; It is one of the detailed/local questions (based on the Threes Elements Analysis System).,Overview of T/F/NG questions,题目为若干个陈述句，要求根据原文所给信息，判断每个陈述句是对，错，还是未提及。题目中通常陈述A事物

4、和B事物之间的关系，而关系通常被设置为考点。需通过题目中的关键词找到原文该题出处，作对比理解。,True/False/Not Given,TRUE/YES FALSE/NO NOT GIVEN,TRUE, Implications of TRUE When the information represented in the questions and the original text are the same, the question is TRUE：题目和原文对应信息表述一致。 Topic information (topic) in the statement and the ori

5、ginal text are the same; Description to the topic (how) in the question and the text are the same.,Principles of TRUE,Question is consented with the original text (Synonymous of n.). 题目是原文的同义表达/同义替换:名词（同根词之间的转换） Example 1: Question: Computers are more popular than they used to be. Original: Computer

6、s are gaining in popularity, despite their cost.,Question is consented with the original text (n.).,Synonymous ：numbers数量的同义替换 Example 2A Question: Many lectures get satisfaction from their work. Original：The majority of lectures find their jobs very rewarding. NB：Many 包含在majority之内。,Synonymous ：num

7、bers数量的同义替换,Example 2B Question: Most are less than five years old. 大多数都少于五年。 Original：Few are more than five years old. 很少有超过五年的。,Principles of TRUE,2. The question is a reasonable induction of the original text.题目是原文的合理推断。 Example 3: Original: It has been proved that a rapid response（快速反应） leads t

8、o a great likelihood of a arrest （逮捕 ）only if it is 1-2 minutes after a call is received by a police. When the response time increases to 3-4 minutes, the likelihood of arrest is substantially reduced.,2. Question is a reasonably induction of the original text.,Question: A delay of 1-2 minutes in re

9、sponse may have substantial influence on whether or not a suspected criminal（嫌疑犯） is caught.,Notes to TRUE questions,No personal understandings and no personal reasoning 可以依据原文做适当的推断，但不能做无根据的自行推断或过度的推理。 Example 4 Question: A 50-watt E-lamp can give the same amount of light that is given by a 200-wat

10、t incandescent.,Notes to TRUE questions,Original: Counting the cost of electricity, a 25-watt E-lamp could give out the same amount of light comparable to a 100-watt incandescent lamp(白炽灯). Answer: NOT GIVEN,FALSE 原文是多个条件并列，题目只是其中一个条件（出现must或only).,Notes to FALSE/NO,Example 10 . Question: only Russi

11、ans have won gold medals in the mens winter Olympics. Original: Since the start of Winter Games, 45 out of 46 gold medals in mens Nordic skiing (越野滑雪) event have been won by competitors from Scandinavia or the former Soviet Union.,Notes to FALSE/NO,3. the context has two or more circumstances (often

12、 has “bothand, and, or , also” etc.), statements in the question only one of the circumstances mentioned. The question only mentions it must/only has one circumstance. 原文是两个或多个情况都可以，常有 both and, and, or, also 等词，题目只是“必须”或“只有”其中一个情况，也出现了must或only 或only one.,Notes to FALSE/NO,Example 11 Question: Tick

13、ets must be bought in advance from an authorized Daybreak agent. Original: Booking in advance is strongly recommended as all Daybreak tours are subject to demand. Subject to availability, tickets can also be purchased from the driver.,Notes to FALSE/NO,4.Adverbs of sphere/frequency/possibility appea

14、r both in the statements and the original context. 原文和题目中使用了表示不同范围、频率、可能性的副词。 Note: adv.使用不一致的词有？,Notes to FALSE/NO,Example 12 Question: It is impossible to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution. Original: Without a qualification from a reputable school or university, i

15、t is unlikely to find a good job.,Notes to FALSE/NO,5. Context explains the theory or feeling concerning the topic information, but the statement rose to objective facts or proved theory. 原文为人们对于某样事物的理论或感觉，题目则上升为客观事实或已被证明的理论。 及“理论（theory）”拔高到“事实（facts）”,Notes to FALSE/NO,Example 13 Question: It is a

16、 fact that the melting of ice caps in both south and north poles are worsened by worldwide increase in temperature. Original: Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are melting polar ice caps（极地冰帽的融化）.,Notes to FALSE/NO,6. The original context has adverbial of condition(条件状语),e.g., i

17、f, unless, or if not, OR use some prepositional phrase(介词短语) to represent adverbial of condition, e.g., in，with，but for or except for。Statements have no such adv.原文中包含条件状语限制，题目中去掉了条件成份。,Notes to FALSE/NO,Example 14 Question: The media has often criticized the Internet because it is dangerous. Origin

18、al: The Internet has often been criticized by the media as a hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users.,Principles of NOT GIVEN,1. The topic information in the question is not mentioned in the text, or cannot find the basis from the original text. 题目中的某些内容在原文中没有提及，或在原文中找不到依据。（该种类的NG大约占该题型的

19、50%左右）,Principles of NOT GIVEN,Example 15 Question: The Mayans lost many of their major settlements because of hurricanes。 Original: The Mayans also showed their respect for hurricanes by building their major settlements away from the hurricane-prone(飓风频发) coast line.,Principles of NOT GIVEN,Example

20、 16 Question: The author believes that all foxes should be killed.,Principles of NOT GIVEN,Original: I would suggest that foxes pose a greater problem, yet there is no passionate public campaign to oust(驱逐;剥夺；取代 )foxes, presumably because it is obvious we can never eliminate the millions of wild fox

21、es in Australia. Yet the same common sense thinking is not applied to cats. It is thought instead that, if everyone would only spay their cats, string bells around their necks and keep them in at night, cats would no longer kill wildlife. But what of the millions of feral(野生的) cats in our deserts an

22、d woodlands? They are the bigger problem, but they are no more controllable than foxes or cane toads.,Principles of NOT GIVEN,题目的意思：所有的狐狸都应该被消灭。 原文的意思是：狐狸引起了更加严重的问题，但公众却没有什么热情去开展活动驱逐狐狸，这大概是因为澳洲要消灭所有的狐狸显然是不可能的。,Principles of NOT GIVEN,2. The scope of the statement is smaller than the original text. 题

23、目中涉及的范围小于原文涉及的范围。,Principles of NOT GIVEN,Example 17 Question: Our computer clubs offer color printers. Original: Macquarie university endeavors to keep pace with the technology innovation by equipping the campus with computers accessing the Internet. Moreover, our computer clubs, whose number is co

24、nstantly increased, provide printers with only a reasonable charge.,Principles of NOT GIVEN,3.The text represents ones targets, aims, opinions, willingness, guarantee or pledge, etc. , but the statement represents the facts. 原文是某人的目标、目的、想法、愿望、保证、发誓等， 而题目是事实。原文中常用aim（目的）、purpose（目的）、promise（保证）、swear

25、（发誓）及vow（发誓）等词。题目中用实意动词。,Principles of NOT GIVEN,Example 18 Question: Only amateur athletes are allowed to compete in the modern Olympics. 只有业余运动员被允许在现代奥运会中竞争。 Original: His aim was to bring together, once every four years, athletes from all countries on the friendly fields of amateur（mt ） sport. 他的

26、目的是把各国的运动员每四年一次聚集到友好的业余运动会的赛场上。,Principles of NOT GIVEN,4. The comparatives appear in the statement, not in the original text. 题目出现了比较级，而原文中没有比较。,Principles of NOT GIVEN,Example 19 Question: There is now greater variety of restaurants to choose from in Sydney than in the past. Original: In Sydney, a

27、 vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit all palates and pocket, which is tremendously different from the past when a full wallet was the sloe guarantee to the possibility of tasting finest Australian cuisines.,Summary,1.题目中若出现must、only、all及always，答案一般不会是True。题目中出现这些很常见，95%的答

28、案都不是True。题目中出现上述这些词，答案False是还是Not Given，就不一定，需要根据上面讲的规律再做判断，一般答案是False的比例更大一些。 2.出现同义表达或推断归纳的一般为YES/TRUE.,Summary,3.If the words “not, must/only, fact/prove, many/sometimes/unlikely/all/usually/ always/impossible” appear in the statements, the answer normally are FALSE/NO. 4. If the reading text has

29、 adverbial conditions, such as “if / unless / ifnot / in / with / but / for / except for” etc. , the answer are normally NO / FALSE.,Summary,5. 出现原文没有提及或者找不到依据的题目 题目范围比原文所说的范围小，更具体的内容时候；原文是目标，想法，愿望，保证，发誓的时候，题目是事实的时候，出现aim, purpose, promise, swear, vow.；题目中有比较级，原文中没有比较级的时候，一般情况下答案多为NOT GIVEN。,Steps o

30、f doing the T/F/NG questions,Step 1 Read the instructions in the question; Step 2 Read the statements and find the key/locating words in the question, then try to locate back to the original text; NB What is locating words? The words cannot be locating words? Step 3 Skimming ,Steps of doing the T/F/

31、NG questions,Step 4 Read the sentences ( which found in Step 2) carefully and notice whether it has the word of exam points (考点词) Step 5 Find the right answer (NB: order principle) Step 6 Check your answer,做题步骤,（1）找出题目中的关键词，最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。 将题目中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落，这必将大大加快解题时间，

32、并提高准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的 （2）从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题目中的其它关键词，在原文中 找出与题目相关的一句或几句话。 确定一个段落后，答案在该段落中的具体位置是未知的。所以，需要从头到尾快速阅读该段落，找出该段落中与题目相关的一句话或几句话，通常是一句话。,做题步骤,（3）仔细阅读这一句话或几句话，根据第二大步中的原则和规律， 确定正确答案。 （4）要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。 题目是有顺序的。第一题的答案应在文章的前部，第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。这个规律也有助于大家确定答案的位置。,比较考点词在是非无判断题中的应用,A is than B OR A is asas B 1）A和B在有一方在原文中没有出现，答案为NOT GIVEN 2）A和B都在原文中出现，但并未出现比较，答案为NOT GIVEN； 3）A和B都在原文中出现，且出现比较，但比较的内容不一致，答案为NOT GIVEN； 4）如果A和B都在原文中出现，而且比较内容相同，则根据方向来判断答案为TRUE/YES还是FALSENO,比较考点词,Example 20 Origina