初中定语从句

1、,Look at these sentences,例句1： The man who/that was here yesterday is a middle school teacher. 1. 先行词 man（即从句修饰的名词或代词）; 2. 关系代词 who /that（修饰人）。 例句2： This is the town where I was born. 1. 先行词 town （即从句修饰的名词）； 2. 关系副词 where （修饰地点，从句中状语）。,1,一、定语从句及相关概念,定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词,还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动

2、词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。 汉语中常用的表示。,2,一、定语从句及相关概念,如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is Mary. 定语从句,3,概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的 从句叫定语从句。放在先行词之后 The girl who is standing there is Mary. 先行词 关系词 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。 关系词： 引导定语从句的词。分关系代词和关系副词 关系词的作用: 连接作用，引导定语从句。 代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中

3、的一部分或者整个主句。 在定语从句中充当一句子成分。,4,5,二、关系代词引导的定语从句,先行词和关系代词的种类,6,关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。 The woman is my mother. She is speaking at the meeting The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.,7,判断步骤： （1）要判断出先行词 （2）要确定关系代词（即先行词）在从句中所担任的成

4、分 （3）要确定关系代词的人称和数 注：定语从句的时态不受主句的限制 The woman who(that) spoken yesterday is my mother.,8,2. 定语从句的辨认与使用 思考步骤： （1）找出先行词 a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性 b.确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后） （2）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分 以确定关系代词的格 （3）确定从句时态 Do you know the boy my mother is talking to?,9,3. 各关系代词的使用方法 （1）who（whom） who代人，在从句担任主语，也可代替在从句中做宾语的whom，前面不

5、能有介词。如有介词则必用whom（结构：介词+whom）。 例如：The girl who is standing there is Mary. She is the girl who/whom I met that day. The doctor to whom she sent her friend is very famous,10,注：为以下情况时，who不与that通用 a.先行词为one(s)/anyone/those时,用who. b.当先行词有较长定语时用who I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked

6、me questions in Chinese. c.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that另一个用who. The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. d.在there be 开头的句中用who,11,(2)whose是代词的所有格，即可代人，又可代物。 I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the bag whose cover is red. (3)That 只用于限定性定语从句中，介词后不能

7、跟that，而跟which. His mother does morning exercises every day, which is good for her health. 在限定性定语从句中，which和that都指物时，可通用。 The picture that/which was drawn by Tom was nice.,12,使用关系词应注意的问题,下列情况必须用“that” ,不能用“which”: 1. 先行词all，anything，something,nothing,everything Is this all that is left? (就剩下这一个了吗？) 2.

8、 先行词none, much, only 修饰。 The only thing that is important is to find our way home. (唯一重要的事是要找到回家的路。) 3. 先行词由序数词或最高级修饰。 This is the best film (that) Ive ever seen. (这是我看过的最好的电影。),13,4. “time”做先行词表示“次”。 This is the first time that I have been to Beijing. (这是我第一次去北京。) 5.先行词既有人又有物： Maria took photos of

9、the things and people that she was interested in. “that”不能用于非限定性定语从句 在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指物时只能用 “which”，不能用“that”，而且“which”不能省略。 This is Johns book, which is very interesting. (这是约翰的书，这本书很有趣。),14,在非限定性定语从句中，只用which，不用that. 在限定性定语从句中只用which，而不用that的情况。,a.关系代词前有介词时 This is the hotel in which you will stay.

10、b.如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的 关系词是that，另一句用which. Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.,15,关系代词与介词 1. 当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一律不能省略。 例如：I want to find the pen with which I wrote that letter. 2.介词在末尾时，可用that/which（代物），that/whom/who（代人）做介词的宾语，切这个介词宾语

11、的关系代词往往省略。 例如：The man （whom/who/that/） he wants to see is in Shanghai.,16,三、关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词是用来引导定语从句的 作用： （1）在定语从句中替代先行词 （2）在从句中担任状语成分，起副词和介词短语的作用 （3）起连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句 关系副词：where/when/why. 各关系副词的用法：,17,由关系副词引导的定语从句,引导词 : when where why I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.

12、 先行词 “the day” 在从句中做状语, 表示时间: I first came to Beijing on the day. (所以用关系副词when。) 比较：I still remember the day ( _ ) we spend together. 先行词 “ the day” 在从句中做spend宾语： We spend the day together. （所以在该句中用关系代词which/that，并且可省略。）,which/that,when,18,2. This is the place _ we worked last year. 先行词 “the place”在

13、从句中做状语，表示地点： We worked in the place last year. ( 所以用关系副词where。) 比较：This is the place (_) we visited last year. 先行词 “the place”在从句中做visited的宾语： We visited the place last year.( 所以用关系代词which/that,并且可省略。) 先行词在从句中做状语，用关系副词； 先行词在从句中做宾语或主语，用关系代词。,where,which/that,注意,19,3. That is the reason (_) he dislike

14、s me. That is (the reason) why he dislikes me. 先行词 “the reason” 表示原因，用关系副词why. 该句中可省略先行词，或省略关系副词。,why,关系代词： 1.先行词是人 2.先行词是物 关系副词： 1.先行词是时间 2.先行词是地点 3.先行词是原因 ,who,whose,whom,that,which,that,when,where,why,whose,20,Practice(练习),1. The beautiful card is from my friend _ lives in Australia. 这张漂亮的明信片是澳大利

15、亚的朋友寄给我的。,2. I borrowed the bike from Tom _ father is a teacher. 我从爸爸是教师的汤姆那借的自行车。,whose,who,21,4. We live on the earth, _ is much bigger than the moon. (非限定性定语从句) 我们住在地球上,地球比月亮大多了。 (“the earth”在从句中做主语),3.This is the earth _ we live. 这就是我们居住的地球。( “the earth”在从句中做状语),5.I still remember the day _ Mary

16、 made a chocolate cake . 我一直记得玛丽做巧克力蛋糕的那一天。(“the day”在从句中做状语),where,which,when,22,1. This is the comrade _ will go to the south with us tomorrow. 2. Whos the student _ the teacher is talking with? 3. I like the present _ youve sent to me. 4. The nurse _ we talked about can speak English well. 5. Thi

17、s is the most difficult job _ weve ever done.,who/that,that,that/ which,who/whom/that,that,23,将下列句子合并成带有定语从句的复合句。,1.He is the young writerHe wrote the book 2.The foreign guest is MrGreenYou saw him at the school gate,He who wrote the book is the young writer.,The foreign guest who/ whom you saw at the school gate is Mr. Green.,24,3.Ive received the bookFather s