Unit4定语从句grammar剖析

1、Grammar,1. She is a beautiful girl. (形容词作前置定语) 她是一个漂亮的女孩。 2. His brother is a student.(代词作前置定语) 他的哥哥是一名学生。 3. She is a girl called Mary. (分词短语作后置定语) 她是一个名叫Mary的女孩。 4. The boy in the classroom is Tom.(介词作后置定语) 教室里的男孩是Tom。,定语从句及相关概念,定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用 “的” 表示。可以由形容词、代词、数量词、

2、名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。 单词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前，作前置定语。 She is a beautiful girl. 短语和从句作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后，作后置定语. She is a girl called Mary.,如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。 1.The girl is Mary. 2.The beautiful girl is Mary.(单个词, 前置定语) 3.The girl who is standing there is Mary. 站在那儿的女孩叫Mary. (定语从句,后置定语),定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词

3、的从句叫定语从句, 常紧跟被修饰的词后。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的某名词或代词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词。,先行词:,关系词:,The girl who is standing there is Mary.,主句：,从句（定语从句）:,The girl is Mary.,who is standing there.,the girl,who,翻译:,站在那儿的女孩是Mary。,先行词:,关系词:,The book which I bought is interesting.,主句：,从句（定语从句）:,The book is interesting.,which I bought.,the

4、book,which,分析含有定语从句的复合句,翻译:,我买的这本书很有趣。,先行词:,关系词:,It is a story which happened last year.,主句：,从句（定语从句）:,It is a story.,which happened last year.,a story,which,翻译:,这是一个发生在去年的故事。,先行词:,关系词:,The Army tried to rescue the people who were trapped.,主句：,从句（定语从句）:,The Army tried to rescue the people.,who were

5、trapped.,the people,who,翻译:,军队奋力营救那些受困的人们。,先行词:,关系词:,I know the boy whose parents are doctors.,主句：,从句（定语从句）:,I know the boy.,whose parents are doctors.,the boy,whose,翻译:,我认识这个父母都是医生的男孩。,1.关系词: 指引导定语从句的词。 包括关系代词和关系副词. 2.关系词的作用： 1、引导作用(引导定语从句) 2、替代作用(替代先行词) 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用,关系词的使用,关系词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非

6、常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。 I found a book which was very old. I found some books which were very old.,思考: 定语从句中的关系词如which、who的含义是否是“哪一个”、“谁”？,whose,who/that,(whom/who/ that),介词+whom,which/that,(which/that),介词+which,whose,The boy,is Tom.,The boy,is in blue,.,who/tha

7、t,who/that指代先行词boy(指人)，在从句中作主语,不可省略.,分析:The boy who/that is in blue is Tom.,仿写: 1. The student is Tom. He is talking to his teacher. 2. The man left without saying anything. He saved the child.,The student who/that is talking to his teacher is Tom.,The man who/that saved the child left without sayin

8、g anything.,The boy,is Tom.,I know,the boy,.,whom/who/that,whom/who/that指先行词boy(指人)，在从句中作宾语,可省略.,分析:The boy whom/who/that I know is Tom.,仿写: 1. The student is Tom. I met the student in the street yesterday. 2. This is Mr Li. I invited him to the meeting.,The student (whom/who/that) I met in the stre

9、et yesterday is Tom.,This is Mr Li (whom/who/that) I invited to the meeting.,The pen,has been found.,The pen,was lost,.,which/that,which/that指先行词pen(物)，在从句中作主语,不可省略.,分析: The pen which/that was lost has been found.,仿写: 1. I like the flowers. The flowers are grown in the garden. 2. A plane is a machin

10、e . The machine can fly.,I like the flowers which/that are grown in the garden.,A plane is a machine which/that can fly.,分析: The story (which/that) we heard is funny.,The story,is funny.,We heard,the story,(which/that),which/that 指物(先行词story)，在从句中作宾语,可省略.,.,仿写: 1. The noodles were delicious. I cooke

11、d the noodles. 2. The fish was not fresh. We bought the fish this morning.,The noodles (which/that) I cooked were delicious.,The fish (which/that) I bought this morning was not fresh.,仿写: 1. The room is mine. The rooms window faces south. 2. I found a diary. The diarys cover was dusty.,The room whos

12、e window faces south is mine.,I found a diary whose cover was dusty.,This is the room,The rooms,.,whose,whose指 “的”,可指某人的或某物的(此句中指先行词 “房间”的)，在从句中作定语,不可省略. 也可用of which 来替代whose, 也即: This is the room of which door is broken. 如此一来,关系词就变成了介词+宾语的结构了.,分析:This is the room whose door is broken.,door is broke

13、n,.,分析:The man to whom she spoke is Jack.,The man,is Jack.,She spoke,the man,whom/who/that,指人whom，在从句中作介词to的宾语,在介词后不可用who/that，whom不可省略.,.,to,本从句中的介词前移，若不前移，则可用关系代词(who/that),可省略，即：The man (Whom/who/that) she spoke to is Jack.,分析句子:The hotel in which he lived is expensive.,The hotel,is expensive.,He

14、 lived,the hotel,which/that,指物(which)，在从句中作介词in的宾语,在介词后不可用that，不可省略.,.,in,本从句中的介词前移，若不前移，则可用关系代词(which/that),可省略，即：The hotel (which/that) he lived in is expensive.,只用that引导定语从句,人和物有哪一个最好 (人物；there be; which; the best) 不定代词序数最高 (不定代词；序数词；数词；最高级) 没有全部，只有少数任何一个 (no; all; only; few/little; any; one of),

15、判断用什么关系词的步骤： （1）划分主句和从句 （2）锁定先行词 （3）确定关系代词（即先行词）在从句中所担任的成分 （4）根据表格锁定关系词，判断有无特殊情况 注：定语从句的时态不受主句的限制 The woman who(that) you were talking about yesterday is my mother.,Tips,练习题,1、All_ is useful to us is good.,A、which B、what C、that D、whether,C,2、Is this the factory_you visited last year?,A、that B、 in wh

16、ich C、what D、the one,A,3、Is this factory _ you visited last week?,A、where B、that C、which D、the one,D,4、Is this the factory _ makes toys?,A、where B、that C、in which D、the one,B,5、Is this the factory _ you work?,A、where B、that C、in which D、the one,C,1. Is this the factory which/that you visited last ye

17、ar? 2. Is this factory the one (which/that) you visited last week? 3. Is this the factory which/that makes toys? 4. Is this the factory in which you work?,1. Is this the factory which/that you visited last year? 2. Is this factory the one (which/that) you visited last week? 3. Is this the factory wh

18、ich/that makes toys? 4. Is this the factory in which you work?,6、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.,A、who B、whose C、of who D、which,B,7、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.,A、to whom B、about whom C、about who D、whom,B,8、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.,A、

19、who B、who want C、what wants D、want,B,9、I,_ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.,A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am,D,10、This is the only thing _ I can do now.,A、what B、which C、that D、all,C,11、Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?,A、which B、that C、what D、as,B,2. 定语从句的

20、辨认与使用（尤其在翻译时） 思考步骤： （1）确定主从句 （2）确定先行词 a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性 b.确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后） （3）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分 以确定关系代词的格 （4）确定主从句时态,例如翻译: 她就是我上周遇到的那位歌星. 1）确定主从句: 主句:她就是那位歌星. She is the singer. 从句:我上周遇到她.I met her last week. 2）确定先行词 a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性 关系代词替代从句中的her/先行词the singer. 指人, 单数. b.确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后） 她就是那位歌星关系词我上周遇

21、到的.,（3）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分以确定关系代词的格 关系代词her/先行词the singer在从句中充当宾语,用(whom/who/that). （4）确定主从句时态 She is the singer (whom/who/that) I met last week.,翻译:,1 这就是上周丢失自行车的学生。 2 我有几个父母在南京工作的同学。 3 我们最喜欢的那个导演是Spieberg。,This is the student who lost his bike last week. This is the student whose bike was lost last w

22、eek.,I have some classmates whose parents are working in Nanjing.,The director (who /whom /that )we like most is Spieberg.,4 二十年前我们住的那幢楼已经被拆除了。 5 二十年前我们建的那幢楼已经不能用了。,The building in which we lived 20 years ago has been pulled down.,The building (that/ which) we built 20 years ago cant be used now.,when,where,why,二、定语从句的分类： （1）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整，限定性定