主语从句和表语从句课件

1、Noun Clause名词性从句,名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。它的功能相当于名词，引导名词性从句的引导词归纳起来可分为以下三类。,Grammar,What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? A tree has fallen across the road. You are a student. To find your way can be a problem. Smoking is bad for you.,“How do you do?” is a greeting. What s

2、he said is not yet known. That we shall be late is certain. It is certain that we shall be late.,Make sentences,Its certain that we will be late.,That well be late is certain.,We dont know whether he is coming or not,Whether he is coming is not known.,We dont know what he wants to tell us.,What he w

3、ants to tell us is not known.,When you will come back doesnt matter.,It doesnt matter when you will come back.,主语从句（Noun Clauses as the Subject）,定义： 用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词that, whether；连接代词who, what，which与ever；连接副词when, where, how和why。,主语从句： 做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词that

4、 ，whether， 连接代词who ，what ，which， 连接副词when，where， how， why等。,1.连接词：,1）从属连词：that， whether等. that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。,That she left him cut him to the heart. That he will come is certain.,2)连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever,What seems easy to some people seems dif

5、ficult to others. Which side will win is not clear.,由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。,Whether it will please them is not easy to say.,3)连接副词when，where， how， why等。,Why he did it remains a mystery. When they will start is not known yet. How he became a great scientist is known to us all.,2.位置： 主语从句可以前置，也

6、可以后置。用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，常用下面几种句型。,1）It + be + 表语 +主语从句 表语：（名词， 形容词，过去分词）,It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not. It is an honour that I was invited to attend the meeting.,It is a fact (a shame, a pity, good news) that,It is certain that she will do well in her exam. It is true that I tol

7、d her everything.,It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. It is reported that China has sent another manmade earth satellite into orbit.,2）It+不及物动词+主语从句 It seemed (happened, doesnt matter, has turned out) that,It happens that they were absent. It seems that Alice is not coming to the party

8、 at all.,It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.,3) It +及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句,It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.,注意:,1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。,误：They should like each ot

9、her is natural. 正：That they should like each other is natural. 正：It is natural that they should like each other.,2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.,误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful. 正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.,4) . 用于It is important / natural / nece

10、ssary / impossible that.句型中, 主语从句应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should有时可以省略。 5) 在It + be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted/required 中, that从句的谓语也应该用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should有时可以省略。,5. 主语从句需注意的问题 (1)主语从句中用陈述语序 What she is afraid of is their taking her to Paris. ( What is she afraid o

11、f Wrong ) (2)主语从句后谓语动词用第三人称单数 That they havent phoned is strange.,(3)that引导的主语从句中，that不可被省略 That price will go up is certain.,6. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较,It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the f

12、ilm. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.,7. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation.,What在此

13、引导主语从句,又做said的宾语,That 只起连接作用,不做成分,1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided.,2.You have made a mistake is a fact.,3.That is certain that we can win.,4.No matter who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,5.It is important that a student learns a foreign language.,we shall,That you

14、have,It is,Whoever,should learn,改错练习,1. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? （01北京春季) Awhere Bwhat Chow Dwhich,2. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. （04上海） A. where B. what C. that D. how,3. Fashion differs fro

15、m country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. (00上海）,What B. That C. This D. Which,（D）,(B),(B）,1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present 3. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 4.

16、 _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,That,What,Whether,Whether,Whoever,6. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 7.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. 8. The Foreign Minister said,

17、“_ is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”9. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.,It,that,It,what,1.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.A. who is it B. who it is C. it is

18、 who D. it is whom,2. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how,3. _ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What ; that C. That ; what

19、D. That ; because,4. _ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 5. _ that they can pass the written exam this time. A. That is hoped B. It is hoped C. It hopes D. That hopes,5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C

20、. Whoever D. Who,6. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It,C,D,7. _ in the newspaper that the price of food will go up. A. It says B. It is said C. It has said D. He is said,8. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning grey. A. while

21、B. that C. if D. for,B,B,9. There is no doubt _. A. that Mr. Hansen is in good health B. whether is Mr. Hansen healthy C. if Mr. Hansens health was returning D. whether Mr. Hansen in health,A,10. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A. This is B. There

22、is C. That is D. It is,D,11. It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master,B,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,表语从句的定义,The question is who will do it.复合句,The question is difficult. 简单句,（ 表 ）,表语从句,（ 表 ）,表语从句的定义： 在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从 句。表

23、语从句位于主句的系动词后。 表语从句说明主语是什么或者怎么样, 对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内 具体化。,2. 表语从句的构成,This is why he did it. 主语 系动词 表语从句,结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。,可以接表语从句的系动词有： be，feel , seem , look , sound, taste , smell ，appear， remain ,keep, stay become ,get , grow , turn ,go , prove, turn out 等。,连接词：that / whether /as if /as though 连接代词：wh

24、o / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because,1.The question is whether we can rely on him. 2.Thats because we were in need of money at that time . 3.He looked as if he was going to cry . 4.Thats why I was late .,Predictive clause 表语从句 1. that引导的表语从句 1) that 在从句中仅起连接作用，无实际意

25、义，在句中不做任何成分，不能省略。 2)在表“建议，劝说，命令”的名词idea,suggestion, request, proposal 后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略 My opinion is that its getting better and better. My suggesstion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.,whether在表语从句中表 ,但不充当句子的成分。if 引导表语从句.如: 1.What the doctor really doubts is whether m

26、y mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 2. The question is whether it is worth doing.,“是否”,不能,引导词的用法（二）,what 在表语从句中充当_ 表示_. 1. The question is what caused the accident. 2. That mountain is no longer what it used to be . 3. What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.,主语、

27、宾语或表语,什么，什么样子，或所的（人或事）,引导词的用法（三）,who 在表语从句中充当_表示_. The problem is who could do the work 2. My trouble is who (whom) I can turn to.,主语、宾语或表语,谁,引导词的用法（四）,which 在引导表语从句时,常充当_ 表示 。如： I read about it in some book or another,but what I dont know is which (book) it is.,定语,表语,哪一个,哪一些,引导词的用法（五）,由as if ,as th

28、ough引导表语从句，表示好像。句子中的系动词常用be,look, appear, seem，sound等。 It looks as if it was doing to rain. 2.The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl.,引导词的用法（六）,当主句的主语为reason,或者是由why引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用_,而不能由_ 引导; because 引导表语从句时只能用于_句型中. 1.The reason why I was late was that I missed the train. 2. I w

29、as late. It/That/This was because I missed the train.,that来引导,because,It/That/This is /was because,引导词的用法（七）,当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备，但是还是要表示疑问含义，可以判断句子中缺少状语，常常用相应的特殊疑问词引导，有why, when, where, how等 This is how he did it. That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet. Thats why weve given you the letter.,引导词的用

30、法（八）,表语从句引导词注意事项,1. that引导表语从句时不能省. 2. if不能引导表语从句. 3.除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。 4. 除that, whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分,名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句,主语名词常常是 表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact, truth 表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦的名词，如：idea, opinion, belief, view, news, advice, feeling, suggestion, plan, trouble, question, problem,1.The fact is that

31、our team has won the game. 2.The truth is that she was the very person we are looking for.,1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether 3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what

32、C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when,1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week. that B. if C. when D. whether 2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless. because B. that C. for D. because of 3. Go and get your coat.

33、 It s _you left it where B. there C. there where D. where there,4The problem is _to take the place of Ted A. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get 5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us. that B. if C. whether D.不填 6. The reason is_I missed the bus.

34、 A. that B. when C. why D. what,10.The problem is_ he has enough time. A.if B.whether C./ D.that 11.He made a promise_ he would help me. A.what B.when C.that D.which 12.I remember_ this used to be a quiet village. A.how B.when C.where D.what 13.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he o

35、r she wants. A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever,B,C,B,B,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life. (重庆2011) A. whose B. what C. which D. that,2. His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _ it is he is trying to express. (安徽2011) A. that B. how C. who D. what 3. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. (北京2011) A. what B. how C. that D. why,4. Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes an