高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧

1、阅读理解题型及解题技巧,题 型 及 解 题 技 巧,1,2,3,4,主旨大意,细节理解,推理判断,猜测词义,阅读技巧,细节理解,本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的 某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能 力。问题包括询问人(who)、物(what)、 时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(why)、 结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。,常见问题形式有： Which of the following is true/false except? Which of the following is mentioned except,三正一误,三误一正,1.According to

2、the passage, who/ what/ which/ when/ Where / why / how/ how many/how much/ how long/ How soon/ how often, etc. ? 2. According to the passage, which of the following is true/ not true? 3. According to the passage, Which of the following is not mentioned ? 4. All of the following are true EXCEPT _. 5.

3、 In the passage the writer states that _. 6. Choose the best order in which the people do_.,1. 定义；2. 比较；3. 年代与数字 . 原因和结果,此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或 间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。,Sample I,Hoover Dam lies _. A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B,This

4、huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road， which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in

5、 honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam， one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.,2. 定义；3. 比较；. 年代与数字 5. 原因和结果,此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或 间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。,Hoover Dam lies _. A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between Ne

6、w York and San Francisco D. both A and B,Sample I,Sample II,Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,Miss Luo Lin, Miss

7、 Asia of 1991， Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still

8、 took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.,Sample II,Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the

9、 title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,moved,Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991， Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she t

10、ook part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.,taken,According to scientists ,the DIREC

11、T cause of more and fiercer storms is . Agreenhouse gas emissions (散发) in industrialized nations Bhigher surface water temperatures of the sea Ccontinuous global warming Drising sea levels,Sample II, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce

12、storms in the past ten years . Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.,connect,to,According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is . Agreenhouse gas emissions (散发) in industrialized nations Bh

13、igher surface water temperatures of the sea Ccontinuous global warming Drising sea levels,Sample II,猜测词义,Question Form,(1) The word “” in Line means/can be best replaced by (2) As used in the passage, the phrase “” suggests (3) From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase “” is/refers to (4)

14、The word “” is closest in meaning to ,根据解释确定词义,技巧 1,1. Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another. 2. The other questioned the veracity- the truthfulness of these reports.,3. He is a resolute man, once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily.,根据对比确定词义,技巧 2,

15、In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.,根据逻辑确定词义,技巧 3,If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest, and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired, then you are indefatiga

16、ble.,根据上下文情景确定词义,技巧 4,The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means_. A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out,Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in

17、around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.,根据上下文情景确定词义,技巧 4,The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means_. A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out,1. The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when t

18、hey are big enough to fly Achildren Bancestors Cgenerations Dmates 2. There is a stack of papers on Mr. Greens desk Apiece Bbalance Cmixture Dpile,Try to do the following exercises: 根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义,3. Before you buy something，check the quality firstFor example, if it is cheap, it might not be good

19、Ahow good it is Bwhat the color is Cwhat the size is Dhow big it is 4. Please give me your recipe for this cake， so I can make it too Aa dish Bdirections for cooking Ca meal Ddirections to your house,推理判断,1. 不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有 同义词解释的选项。 2. 不选事实细节选项 3. 不选非事实选项 4. 选概括性/哲理性的选项,技巧,常见问题形式: 1. It can be inf

20、erred/concluded from the passage that _ 2.The passage suggests/implies that _ 3.By the first sentence of the second paragraph, the author means _ 4. We can conclude that_. 5. When the writer talks about., what he really means is that_. 6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?,1. T

21、he writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_. A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him 2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to vis

22、it her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much,When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,” Are you sing

23、le? “Why, yes. I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother. she said, “Would you like to meet her?,1. The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_. A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him 2

24、. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much,1.In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on _. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature

25、of the metal C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation,Sample 2,2. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly. C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled

26、and then heated quickly.,Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has bee

27、n annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing,it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also

28、 be used on other material, such as glass.,.,Annealing 退火处理，主要是指将材料曝露于高温一段很长时间后，然后再慢慢冷却的热处理制程。 主要目的是：(1)释放应力，(2)增加材料延展性和韧性，(3)产生特殊显微结构。,1. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on _. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the metal D. the timi

29、ng of the operation,Sample 2,2. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly. C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.,观点和态度,理解作者的观点和态度题： 既考查学生对字面意

30、思的理解， 也考查学生对作者写作目的、 态度、观点等的理解。,正确理解作者的写作意图，所持的观点及阐述文章主题时语气或他对所论述的对象的态度。-假如你是作者，你为什么要写本文？,此类考题的主要形式：,1.The writers purpose in writing this story is _ . 2. The text discusses men and women 50,000 years from now in order to show that _ .,辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。,注意：,贬义：disgust, critical, neg

31、ative, tolerant, disappointment,褒义: positive, wonder, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring,中立: indifferent, impassive, uninterested, ambivalent, neutral, apathetic, disinterested,The author appears _modern advertising. A. to like B. to be indifferent to C. to dislike D. to know how to

32、deal with,e.g.,One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes t

33、o us in colored lights all night. (根据文章作者用词来判断),The author appears _modern advertising. A. to like B. to be indifferent to C. to dislike D. to know how to deal with,e.g.,The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that_. A. wild animals have become more dangerous B. the driving conditions have

34、improved greatly C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D. an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents.,Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads, the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S

35、. today. The main reason? Roadkill.,The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that_. A. wild animals have become more dangerous B. the driving conditions have improved greatly C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D. an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents.

36、,篇章结构,说明文的基本结构,Descriptive writing,Definition (Introduction),Description (Explanation),Conclusion,2. 议论文的基本结构,Argumentation,Topic,Arguments,conclusion,Opinion,Supporting sentences,论点,论据,结论,3.记叙文的基本结构,Narrative writings,Story presentation,对文章基本结构理解的考查方式:,1. 问结构,）How is the text organized?,A. TopicArg

37、umentExplanation B. OpinionDiscussionDescription C. Main ideacomparison supporting examples D. Introductionsupporting examples -conclusion,2)The first paragraph is used as/to 3)The first paragraph mentioned Peter Jennings death in order to _ .,2.问指代,1)The word “everything” in paragraph 2 means_ 2)Wh

38、at does the underlined word in paragraph 4 refer to?,3.问文章出处/前文后续,1). The passage is most likely to be taken from_ 2. The passage is most likely a part of_ 3)The passage is most likely to be taken from the article entitled_ 4)What may be talked about before the first paragraph? /after the last parag

39、raph? 5)The paragraph following the passage will probably discuss_,主旨大意,考查考生,技巧,加工与浓缩信息的能力,如何做主旨大意题,做此类题目时，首先要搞清的是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,一、题型特点,这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章

40、的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。这种试题要求考生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心句；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。,1. 标题类常见的题型:,1.The best title/ headline for this passage might be_. 2.The text (passage) could be entitled . 3.What is the best title for the passage? 4.Which of the following would be suitable as a title f

41、or the passage?,二：题 干 表 现 形 式,1. This passage chiefly deals with_. 2. Whats the topic of the article? 3. What is the subject discussed in the text? 4. With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?,2：大意类常见题型,The authors main purpose in writing the passage is_. The passage is meant to _ The purpos

42、e of this article is _,3：目的主旨大意常见题型,三：主题句呈现的形式,A. 文首,提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主 题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作 方式。,1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can c

43、ause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?,Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.,1

44、. The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.,Sample 2,Sample 3,Today t

45、he problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, h

46、uman life on earth will not survive.,B. 文尾,在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结 论建议或结果, 以 概括主题. 这是英 语中最常见的归 纳法写作方式。,2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hid

47、e his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance,So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance,Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democrat

48、ic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.,通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展。,3 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79.

49、Two days sale. Hu- -rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyer

50、s are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method C. Buyer Beware D. TV On Sale,This

51、sales method is called “bait and switch”.,(detail) (detail) (detail),Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in

52、 the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,无主题句,即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。,4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to

53、leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, w

54、ho had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.,detail,detai

55、l,detail,Types Of Paragraph Structures,At the beginning,At the end,In the middle,No clear topic sentence,for example,so, therefore,特别注意：,文章中的but, however, as a result, therefore等词。它们通常是引出中心主旨的方向词。而for example, first, or to begin with等是引出细节的信息词，在它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。,Passage B(NMET2003) Reading to dogs is

56、 an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt La

57、ke City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the leve

58、l of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three o