高中英语语法之名词用法Noun

1、06年高考语法复习系列一,名 词,1、名词的单、复数; 2、可数与不可数名词的转换； 3、名词作定语； 4、名词的搭配; 5、词语辨析；,高考考点分析,名词的单复数,问题1： - How many does a cow have? - Four. AstomachesBstomach CstomachsDstomachies,以 s, sh, ch, x等结尾的名词变复数时加 es；但如果以 ch 结尾的名词发音为 k时，只加 s。 另外，以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词变复数时，需将 y 变成 i，再加 -es；以元音字母 +y 结尾的则直接加 -s。以辅音字母加 y 结尾的专有名词变复数时，也

2、直接加 -s。,问题2： The _ of the building are covered with lots of _. Aroofs; leavesBrooves; leafs Croof; leafDroofs; leafs,以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加 s，如：serf - serfs belief-beliefs roof-roofs chief - chiefs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；b. 去 f, fe 加 ves，如：half-halvesknife-knives leaf-leaveswolf-wolves wife-wives l

3、ife-livesthief-thieves；c. 均可, 如：handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchieves,问题3： When the farmer returned home he found three _ missing. Asheeps Bsheepes Csheep Dsheepies,当sheep; deer; fish表示数量时，单复数同形；如果表示不同种类，则需加 s 或 es。 单复数同形的名词有： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese, Swiss works, means, head,问题4： S

4、ome _ visited our school last Wednesday. AGermanBGermen CGermansDGermens,国家人的名词需要记住三种情况： 1、单复数同形：Chinese; Japanese; Swiss 2、需要变形：English - Englishman 3、加 s 或 -es：German Germans 详见下表。,1.6 不同国家的人的单复数 名称 总称(谓语用复数）一个人 两个人中国人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swiss two Swiss澳大利亚人the Australian

5、san Australian two Australians 俄国人the Russians a Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians希腊人the Greek a Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese美国人the Americans an Americantwo Americans印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人the C

6、anadians a Canadian two Canadians德国人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes,问题5： _ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. (1993 上海) A. The EvensB. The Evens C. The EvensesD. The Evenses,专有名词的复数与定冠词连用，常用来表示“一家人”或一

7、家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如： - Who did you spend last weekend with? - _. (98上海) A PalmersB The Palmers C The PalmersD The Palmers,问题6： Mr Smith has two _, both of whom are teachers in a school. Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-lawsDbrothers-in law,以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：managers-in-chief; father

8、s-in-law。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加 s。如：grown-ups。,名词的可数与不可数,问题1： He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. (NMET95) A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works,抽象名词和物质名词被称为不可数名词。本题中 wealth 为不可数名词，works 作“作品”解，属单复数同形的可数名词。,问题2： Can you give us some _ about the writer? Ainforma

9、tions Binformation Cpiece of informations Dpieces information,大多数不可数名词都不可能转化为可数名词，常见的有：information; news; advice; progress; fun 如： This is not a match. Were playing chess for _. A habit B hobby C fun D game (2001上海春季),问题3： Many people agree that _of English is a must in international trade today. (N

10、MET96) A. a knowledge B. knowledges C. knowledge D. the knowledge,有些抽象名词和物质名词也可转化为可数名词，用来表示某种特定的意义。a knowledge of 表示“对有所了解“。又如： This meeting is a great success. 请看下面的可数与不可数名词的转化：,a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。 Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。 (U) These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。 (C)b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。This facto

11、ry produces steel.(U)We need various steels.(C)c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。Our country is famous for tea. Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 d. 抽象名词有时也可数。four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations 四个现代化 many interests 许多兴趣,名词作定语,问题1 The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. (01北京春季) A. bicycles shop B. bicyc

12、le shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles shop,名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1) 用复数作定语。 如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。 如：goods train (货车) arms produce武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷,问题2 It took us quite a long ti

13、me to get here. It was _ journey. （05北京春季） A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours,“数词+名词”构成的合成词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如： a ten-mile walk； a five-year plan但是如果不用连字符，就需用复数的所有格。 The village is far away from here indeed. Its _ walk. （04上海春季） A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hou

14、rs D. a four hours,问题3： There are only twelve _ in the hospital. Awoman doctors Bwomen doctors Cwomen doctor Dwoman doctor,man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如：a man worker men workers a woman teacher women teachers a gentleman official gentlemen officials,名词的搭配,问题1 Weve missed the last b

15、us. Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. (N 19993) A. way B. choice C. possibilityD. selection,可以将“ have no choice but to do ”视为一个结构，现在考查这类搭配的题有很多，如： I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.（05浙江卷） Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense 类似的题还有：,1. Heres

16、my card. Lets keep in _. (N 1994) (A) A. touchB. relationC. connectionD. friendship 2. You can take as many as you like because they are free of _. (1998 上海) (B) A. fareB. chargeC. moneyD. pay 3. The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well. （03北京春季）（B） AideaBsenseCthoughtDThin

17、king 4. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the childrens _. （04天津）(A) A reachB handC holdD place,问题2 A rough estimate, Nigeria is_ Great Britain. （05上海卷） A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of,注意名词用来表示比较的特殊用法。它的结构为“倍数+the +名词+ of + 对象”。常用在该结构中的名词为：t