初中英语语法专项一：名词

1、Are You Ready?,语法专项复习,语法专项一 -名词, 一、什么是“名词” 及名词的分类,二、可数名词变复数的规则,三、不可数名词, 四、名词所有格, 五、练习,、典型例题,、练习,（）,（）,（）,( 4 ),(1),(2),名词:表示一类事物名称的词。,返回,专有名词首字母大写！,见P69-70讲解,以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： maths，politics，physics b. news c. the United States，the United Nations 。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名等。 The Arabian Nights is a very inter

2、esting story-book. e. Olympic Games如果是泛指 “奥运会”，为复数； 而如果 具体到哪一届则为单数。,1.规则变化,2.不规则变化,1、一般加-s,如:maps,cars,2、以s ， x ，sh, ch 结尾的加-es;如：dish-dishes,3、以辅音字母加y结尾的 ， 先变y为i ,再加-es ;如： baby-babies ,family-families,4、以f,fe结尾的名词，通常要变f 或fe为v,再加-es; 如: leaf-leaves, wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves; 注: belief-be

3、liefs（信心）,roof-roofs（屋顶） , safe-safes（保险箱）, gulf-gulfs（海湾）则直接加s,5、以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo photos,piano pianos ,kilo-kilos, radio radios,zoo zoos； b. 加es，如：potato potatoes，tomatotomatoes,hero heroes(英雄),month - ？ mouth - ？,th 结尾加s ！,妻子持刀去宰狼， 小偷见状吓得慌， 躲在架后保己命， 半片树叶遮目光。,黑人，英雄，水牛爱吃土豆和西红柿。,改变部分字母：

4、manmen： woman- women，man- men，policeman-policemen oo ee： foot-feet tooth-teeth Others： child-children，mouse-mice,单、复数同形： Chinese，Japanese, sheep, deer, fish,关于“国人”的复数： Chinese - Japanese- (4)复合名词变复数： man teacher - woman driver - boy / girl student -,返回,中国人和日本人爱护绵羊、鱼和鹿,Englishman- Frenchman-,Australi

5、an- Canadian- American-,中日不变英法变， 其余s加后面。,men teachers,women drivers,boy / girl students,不可数名词：（前面不能用a,an等来修饰）到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有： 液体类(water)： juice, tea, soup, milk, cola, coffee 肉类(meat)： beef, pork, mutton 粉末类： bread，flour 抽象名词类： news, time，information, money, advice, friendship, work, homework, hous

6、ework, fun, health, price 食物类（food)： broccoli, rice, porridge, junk food, chocolate, tofu,不可数名词计量的表达: 个数单位词：piece （张、片、块、条）,容器单位词：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）,类别单位词：kind( 种、类)度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤),返回,数字+量词+of +不可数名词,名词所有格：表示“（某人）的”: 一般在名词后加 s 构成。 如：吉姆的妈妈 我老师的桌子 那狗的名字 若以S结尾词，则在S后加 . 如：那些男孩的书包 表示几个人共同的东西，只在

7、最后一个人后加。 如：Lucy和Lily的妈妈（两人是姐妹） Lucy and Lilys mother 表示几个人都分别有的东西，则每个都加。 如：Lucy 的妈妈和Lily的妈妈（两人不是姐妹） Lucys and Lilys mothers 一般用.of.结构来表示无生命的名词所有格： 如：我房间的门 一 张中国地图 我妹妹的照片 双重所有格，例：我爸的一个朋友 我的一个同学,返回,the door of my room,a map of China,the photos of my sister,a friend of my fathers,a classmate of mine,表示

8、时间、距离、国家等无生命的名词也也可以在词尾加s构成所有格。 今天的报纸 两个小时的车程 15分钟的走路 几年的等待,todays newspaper,two hours drive,15 minutes walk,a few years waiting, 典型题例 ,例1 下列几组复数名词中，每组都有一个错词，请指出：,1 A.Chinese B. Frenchmen C. Englishmen D. Germen,2. A. tomatoes B. photos C. radioes D. potatoes,3. A. desks B. Americans C. friends D. br

9、eads,4. A. stories B. families C. plays D. keies,5. A. leaves B. knives C. rooves D. shelves,6. A. clothes B.monthes C. mouths D. fifths,返回,例2 判断下列文哪句翻译正确： 多好的消息啊！ A. What a good news it is ! B. What good news it is !,例3 单项选择 What you need is more _. Dont always do your_ at your desk. exercise ; exe

10、rcise B. exercises ; exercises C. exercises ; exercise D. exercise ; exercises,例4 单项选择 All the _ teachers and _students are having a party. A . women ; girls B . women ; girl C . woman ; girls D . woman ; girl,例5 改错 My trousers are too long , but hers is too short .,返回,例6 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空： I dont thi

11、nk maths _ ( be ) easy .,例7 单项选择： Mabel gave me _ . A. two bread B. some breads C. a piece bread D. two pieces of bread,例8 改错： Shall I wait for you at the schools gate at five this after-noon ?,例9 单项选择： _ mother is a worker . Mary and Mikes B. Marys and Mikes C. Marys ane Mike D. Mary and Mike,返回,例1

12、0 单项选择： 1.After the exams , we shall have _ holiday . A. two months B. two-month C. a two month D. a two months 2.Mr Smith is _ . A.English B. Englishman C. Englishwoman D. Englishmen 3.Wang Lei was born in Wuhan ,but Guangzhou has become her second _ . A family B. home C. house D. country 4.Most En

13、glish peoples family name comes _ A. first B. middle C. last D. together 5.There is a _ over the river . A. ship B. boat C . bridge D. village,例13 改错 Youd better have walk after supper .,返回, 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：,1The two girls are ( Japan ) .,2. The ( baby ) are asleep .,3. Do you know the two ( man teac

14、her ) ?,4. The ( child ) are washing their ( foot ) .,5.There are two ( people ) and lots of ( sheep ) in the fields .,6. September 10 is ( teacher ) Day .,7. I think physics ( be )more interesting than maths .,8. Dont you think the ( radio ) are too noisy ?,9. Whose ( knife )are these ?,10. “ Whose

15、 house is this ?” “ Its the ( Smith )” .,返回, 单项选择：,The boy dropped the and broke it . A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup,2. In time , those mountains will be covered with trees , too . A. few years B. a few years C. a few year D. a few years,3. Granny is badly ill . We h

16、ave to take her to the . A. farm B. post office C. ship D. hospital,4. I have to tell you . A. a news B. many news C. a piece of good news D. many newses,5. are sold in that shop . A. Mens and childrens shoes B. Mens and childs shoes C. Mens and children shoes D. Man and child shoes,6. If anyone com

17、es to see me , ask him to leave a . A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice,7. Miss Smith is a friend of . A. Marys mothers B. Mary mother C. Mary mothers D. Mothers of Mary.,8. If these trousers are too big , buy a smaller . A. piece B. kind C. copy D . pair,9. Its my dog . A. sister Lilys B. sisters Lilys C. sister Lily D. sisters Lily,10. She had beautiful black but I co