阅读理解考点破解.ppt

1、阅读理解,主旨大意型,事实细节型,词 义 猜 测 型,命题类型,推 理 判 断 型,五个解题步骤,1）抓大意：用略读法了解文章大意及各段的大意，便于快速信息定位。,2）读题干：了解题目问什么，并在题干中找出便于定位的特征词。,3）定位信息：带着问题和特征词，用查读法到文章中找到相关句段。特别提醒：了解命题的顺序原则，对迅速定位信息非常有用！,4）研读：理解所找到的相关句段，有的还要根据背景常识进行简单的推理或判断，筛选答案，作出选择。,5）综合：考虑各题所选选项，看是否切合全文主旨。,details,Paragraph ideas,The passage idea,主旨大意型：,主题型(top

2、ic、subject、main idea、general idea)主旨大意题的题干表现形式: 目的(purpose)类主旨大意题 标题(topic 或title)类主旨大意题,The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about What is the passage mainly about?,The passage is meant to. The purpose of this article is to.,The best title for the passage might be.,1)段落大意,(2012全国卷D

3、. 67) Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and st

4、ill ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. What is the main idea of Parag

5、raph 1? A. People remember well what they learned in childhood. B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups. C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words. D. Stories for children are easy to remember.,2)文章大意,(2010全国卷 C. 50) Thousands of people living in the Chinese capital will celebrate the sta

6、rt of the Chinese New Year by heading for the ski resorts(滑雪场). Never mind that Beijings dry weather seldom produces snow. It is cold enough in winter for snow-making machines to make a covering for the hills north to the capital. And the rapid growth of a pleasure-seeking middle class had formed th

7、e basis for this new craze(热潮). Since Beijings first ski resort was opened ten years ago, the sport has enjoyed astonishing increase. There are now more than a dozen resorts. In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China What does this text mainly talk about? A. Convenience

8、for skiers brought about by private cars. B. Skiing as a new way of enjoying ones spare time. C. Things to be considered when starting a ski resort. D. A sudden increase of ski training classes in Beijing.,3)文章标题,(2014全国卷 A. 24) Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in

9、 a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in

10、 strange city Late in he evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husbands name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pole of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath. That family not only restored the import

11、ant documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way. which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. From India to Australia B. Living in a New Country C. Turning Trash to Treasure D. In Sea

12、rch of New Friends,(2016全国卷.D.35) The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silence may be thoughtful, uneasiness, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extr

13、emely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just

14、as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do Other cultures may use silence in other ways Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence What may be the best title for text? A. Sound and Silent B. Wha it Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speec

15、h is Silver; Silence is God,(2016全国卷.C. 32) Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now the website BookCrossing. Com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group. BookCrossing is part of a tr

16、end among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty five countries. What is the best title for the text? A.Oneline Reading: A Virtual Tour B.Electronic Books:A New Trend C.A Book Group Brings Trad

17、ition Back D.A Website Links People through Books,(2016全国卷.D.35) Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in differ

18、ent ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and father than disasters and sob stories Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication-e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations

19、-found that it tended to be more positive than negativeHe found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Sad Stories Travel Far and W

20、ide B.Online News Attacts More People C.Readiing Habits Change with the Times D.Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks,以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容也就是 文章的局部信息。 2) 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。 3) 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。 4) 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下,会造成错选答案

21、 5) 无中生有。似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。,主旨题要注意避免以下情况：,How to guess the meaning of the new words?,词义猜测型,1)推断单词含义,(2010全国卷. D. 68) I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train jour

22、ney and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish” in the second paragraph? A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for

23、D. carry on,(2016全国卷.C.29) I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips-of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box because Ive got into ice packs and thats how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells a

24、re harvested from a donor to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1? A. provider B. delivery man C. collector D. medical doctor,2)推断短语含义,(2013全国卷. C .4

25、7) The CRFs produce is “green”, made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series- with Sichuan pepper, red bean(豆), cheese and other flavors-also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs, who think that they have a bet

26、ter knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela, and Ghana, among others. The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who _. A. are particular about chocolate B. know little about cocoa beans C. look down upon others

27、D. like to try new flavors,(2016全国卷.C.30) There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fa

28、ll for it. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. A practical idea B. A vain hope C. A brilliant plan D. A selfish desire,3)代词指代题,(2016全国卷.B.26) “My friend said: Now we believe your stories,”Welty added. “And I said: Now you know. These are the people that make me wri

29、te them.” The underlined word “them” in this paragraph refers to Wetys _. A.readers B.parties C.friends D.stories,4)名词指代题 (2015全国卷. C.31) The fine selection of he major works was done in close collaboration(合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other i

30、nstitutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Artworks B. Projects C. Donations D.Documents,事实细节型,1) 直接信息题。就是在原文可直接找到答案的题，通知，公告或布告之类的应用文或指导性说明文，多半是这类题。 2)语意转换题。在文中不能直接找到现存的答案，正确答案与文中信息虽意思相同但表达方式不同。 3)细节推理题。

31、就是在理解文中具体信息的基础上，要进行简单推理才可选出正确答案。 4)数字计算题。在文中找到相关数字，进行简单计算得出答案。 5)图表信息题。要理解图表上的信息，有的题目还要将图表信息与文字信息相结合才能得出正确答案。,1)直接信息题,(2015全国卷. A. 21) November 7th The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers,. He was also a major player in training ot

32、hers in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”. March 6th Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames has many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review

33、 of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest. When is the talk on James Brindley? A. February 6th B. March 6th C. November 7th D. December 5th,(2016全国卷C. 31) I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode I

34、sland, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the only on the desk said: “Well, Im really sorry, Ive got some bad news for you-there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this b

35、ox are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, rerouted(改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than origina

36、lly scheduled. Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? A. To London B.To Newark C. To Providence D.To Washington,2)语意转换题,(2015全国卷. B. 25) Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part-particularly to my t

37、aste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables- was at 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. What made the authors getting up early worthwhile? A. Having a swim. B. Breathing in fresh air. C. Walking in the morning sun. D. V

38、isiting a local farmers market.,(2016全国卷C. 30) I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips-of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last Why does Peter have

39、to complete his trip within 42 hours? A.He canot stay from his job too long. B.The donor can only wait for that long. C.The operation needs that much time D.The ice wont last any longer.,(2015全国卷C. 29.) Salvador Dali(1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Pa

40、irs is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memor

41、y. There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities. What is Dalis The Persistence of Memory considered to be? A.One of his masterworks. B.A suddessful screen ad

42、aptation. C. An artistic creation for the stage. D.One of the best TV programmes.,3)信息推断题,(2014全国卷. B 26) Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Comm

43、ercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons? A. To seek

44、 pleasure. B. To save other birds. C. To make money D. To protect crops,(2016全国卷 C. 29) Visting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be

45、 quite an eye-opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans What can we learn about Deio? A. It is a new variey. B. It has a stragne look. C. It is rarely seen now. D. It has a special taste.,(2016全国卷A. 22) Sandra Day OConnor (1930-presen

46、t) When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizonza state senator(参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many import

47、ant cases during her 24 years on the top court. What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm? A. Her lack of proper training in law. B. Her little work experience in court. C. The discrimination against women. D. The poor financial conditions.,4)信息概括题 (2016全国卷 B. 27) Beauticians,

48、barenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss, from conversations overheard on a bus. It annouys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sittin

49、g on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片断) of a particularly interesting story. What can we learn about the characters in Weltys fiction? A.They live in big cities. B. They are mostly women. C. They come from real life. D. They are pleasure seekers.,(2016全国卷 D. 32) Bad news sells. If it bl

50、eeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored (监控) in different ways, researches are discovering new rules. What do the classic rules mentioned in t

51、he text apply to? A.New reports. B.Reaerch papers. C.Private emails. D.Daily conversations.,4)数字计算题,(2010全国卷 D. 55) Ariau Amazon Towers The Ariau Amazon Towers hotel Prices, starting at $300 one night for each person for a regular room and going all the way up to $3000 for the Tarzan Suite, The Ice

52、Hotel Every winter in Jukkasjarvi, Prices: starting at $318 one night for each person for either a cold room or a warm one, Propeller Island Propeller Island City Lodge is Prices: starting at just $91 a night, and an additional person for only 20 extra dollars, For two persons spending a night in on

53、e of these hotels, they have to pay at least_. A. $111 B. $182 C. $600 D.$636,(2008全国大纲卷. C. 49) For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery. It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!” This guys a winner, right?

54、Maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. Hes really a big loser!. How much did the lottery winner lose? A.One hundred dollars. B.Two hundred dollars. C.Three hundred dollars. D.Four hundred dollars.,5)图表信息题,(2010全国卷A 56),How much is the admission f

55、or a family of two grown-ups and two children? A. 9.80 B. 12.00 C. 14.20 D. 16.40,判断推理题经常使用的提问方式有： It can be inferred/concluded that . Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage? The passage implies, but doesnt directly state that . The writer suggests that . Whats the a

56、uthors attitude toward ? The writer probably feels that . ,推理判断题,1）推断隐含意义：题干中常有infer, suggest, learn about等词。要做到判断有据，推理有理。要注意不要选择表层信息的答案，而是立足于由已知推断未知。,2）推断写作目的：题干中常有purpose, in order to等词。不同文体的文章可能有不同的写作目的（1）to entertain or instruct readers(如故事类文章)；（2）to persuade readers(如广告)；（3）to inform readers, t

57、o explain sth(如科普类，新闻报道类或文化类文章)。,3）推断文章出处：题干中常有come from, most probably appear, most likely to be taken from等，解答此类题应在了解文章的内容或结构的基础上，结合文体常识来判断。常用的文体有a news report, an advertisement, a geography book, a booklet等。,4）推断作者观点态度：题干中常有think of, attitude, opinion等词，要善于捕捉描写环境气氛，表达感情，态度观点和心理的词句来推断作者的观点态度。,1)推断

58、隐含意义,(2015全国卷 C 29) More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university. It used to be the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education What do we learn about the gap year from the text? A. It is flexible in length. B