高考阅读理解解题技巧8E2777E38E9F79128F05F5FD9DC33EAF2010

1、高考阅读理解解题指导,阅读“十字真经”回放,一个中心 两者合一 三步走 四种体裁 五种略读 六种题型 七种关联 八种微读 九种误区 十大路标,一、点：正本清源背单词 集中于点，攻克生词陷阱 二、链：主枝分明看句子 专注于链，破解难句谜团 三、网：凌波微步读文章 把握全网，悟透篇章要点（阅读九宗罪） 四、轻车熟路论考点 考点十大路标（重中之重） 五、熟能生巧解题型 六大题型（标志词+方法+技巧+正误选项特点）,阅读突破：点 链 网 突破法+十大路标+六大题型,一、点：正本清源背单词 集中于点，攻克生词陷阱,The latest research suggests a more prosaic,

2、democratic, even puritanical view of the world. The key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not a divine spark. Its not I.Q., a generally bad predictor of success, even in realms like chess. Instead, its deliberate practice. Top performers spend more hours (many more hours) ri

3、gorously practicing their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, youd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average verbal ability. （2009年上海D篇）,Soil is made up of a number of layers(层)，each having its own distinctive colour and textureThe upper layer is known as the

4、 litterIt acts like a blanketlimiting temperature changes and reducing water lossThe topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖质)，which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colourThis layer is usually rich in nutrients，oxygen，and

5、waterBelow the topsoil is the subsoil，a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matterThis layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humusBeneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock(2009年，江苏),解决方法,（1）忽略 （不影响原文理解） （2）猜测 （影响原文的理解）,The latest research suggests a mo

6、re prosaic, democratic, even puritanical view of the world. The key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not a divine spark. Its not I.Q., a generally bad predictor of success, even in realms like chess. Instead, its deliberate practice. Top performers spend more hours (many mo

7、re hours) rigorously practicing their craft. （2009年上海D篇）,一、背诵李威高考英语词汇表,划掉熟词，只剩生词,速战速决，切忌拖沓,短时记忆，贵在重复,将04-09出现的六套题中的C、D篇做英汉互译，精确理解“熟词生义”,检测掌握与否的唯一标准： 看到中文句子，迅速英文句子,二、翻译阅读真题，弄透熟词生意,If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, youd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average verb

8、al ability.,It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering,左右逢源猜词意之五大法宝,1、同义词或者反义词猜测 Huck doesnt like to work and his brother is similarly idle . Some people like to walk home after work, but I prefer to stroll home and look at the store windows along the way. 2、定义

9、或者释义猜测（四种符号+三种语法) They do not use their ears to receive sounds, but use the jawthe lower part of the mouth.,The key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not a divine spark. Its not I.Q, a generally bad predictor of success, even in realms like chess.,Instead, its deliberate pra

10、ctice.,3、常识猜测 Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of cold. 4、词根词缀猜测 Impracticable overweight topsoil subsoil 5、列举猜测 Bananas ,oranges, pine apples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas. Soil can be acidic，neutral，or basic,二、链：主枝分明看句子 专注于链，破解难句谜团,A 38-square-mile isl

11、and, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belon

12、gs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.Coming in a close secondand often wrongly mentioned as the most distant islandis Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island

13、 was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.On Easter Sunday, 172

14、2, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day. (2003年，全国卷),阅读速度取决于你在短时间内理解长难句的能力！,A 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island

15、 in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena,and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portugueseadmiral(葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a populatio

16、n of a few hundred.Coming in a close secondand often wrongly mentioned as the most distant islandis Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east ofits nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles westof South America.,读长难句的方法,总方针：先抓主干，后理枝叶。 （一）找主干，明结构 拨开枝杈，直扑主干，排除干扰， 确定结构，首先抓住主要内容 （二）理枝杈，明各层 变长

17、为短，层层理清， 修饰成份，对号入座，仔细搞清各层意思,Coming in a close secondand often wrongly mentioned as the most distant islandis Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.,Coming in a close secondand often wrongly mentioned as the most di

18、stant islandis Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.,【,】,【,】,小试牛刀,They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figure

19、s, called moai, for which the island is most famous.,三、网：凌波微步读文章 把握全网，悟透篇章要点 （阅读九宗罪）,阅读九宗罪,以意群为单位,The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖质)，which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour,网：全文阅读方法一：积极阅读法示范,边读边预测文章接下来要写什么。

20、 “左顾右盼，方向不乱。句间关系，非顺即反”,把握好主题句,有无转折出现,S1：如果你觉得本人还有相识的意义,请于本周六晚7：00 在鸳鸯池畔；“老卢茶馆”见面。 S2:提请美眉注意，沿途若有接待，纯属假冒，请自己 乘1路车至科大站下，向内走200米即到。 S3:届时本人将上身着一绿色西装，下身穿一红色短裤, 头戴一顶瓜皮小帽，脚蹬一双高腰马靴， 左手持一本“情爱幽幽”，右手握一卷“女生天地”诸 般特征，望牢记在心，切勿错认他人。 S4:另外，本人还将随身带去一包ETS此物乃赛外特产， 异域珍品，内含十八种维他命，二十四种微量元素， 具有滋阴补阳，护肝健脾，舒经通络，活血化瘀， 养颜美容，延年

21、益寿之功效。长期食用，可令皮肤 白里透红，与众不同。 S5:数量有限，欲尝从速，切勿坐失良机!,表示方向相反的词和词组 转折关系： but/however/yet, on the other hand, 对比关系： more/lessthan, unlike,despite 让步关系：I am afraid, though, although 表示方向相同的词和词组 并列关系：A and B, notnor,first, second, third,and, also, 递进关系：besides, whats more, not onlybut also, furthermore, moreo

22、ver, for one thing, for another等 因果关系： thus, as a result, consequence. 解释关系：in other words ，namely, likewise, in other words, that is to say.,七种关联：七大逻辑关系词,How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings,P1:Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feeling

23、s and behaviors, But now scientists are giving this feelings an empirical（经验的, 实证的）basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation.,P2: Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity.,P3:In addit

24、ion to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupants ability to concentrate.,P6: Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim（暗淡的）light helps people to loosen up.,67. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?,Ks5u,CP: Central Point P: point

25、Sp: Subpoint（次要点）C: Conclusion,The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place,P1:Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, on-fat diet, vegetable diet We are surrounded by the worddieteverywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinki

26、ng about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and Physically（身体上）.,P2:Diet products singnificantly weaken us psychologically.,P3:On another level,diet products have greater psychological effects.,P4:The danger of diet products lies not only in t

27、he psychological effects they have on us,but also in the physical harm that they cause.,67. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?,Ks5u,CP: Central Point P: point Sp: Subpoint（次要点）C: Conclusion,网 全文阅读法之方法二：五种略读,1）大量的举例：因为例子是为论点服务的 2）让步，转折读一半 3）重复与进一步解释的内容，如that is 和冒号引起的句子 4）实

28、验过程不重要，结果重要 5）人名、地位、职位、所属的机构等冗余信息,S1：Herbal medicine is common to all races and peoplesAsian, Chinese, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Indian and others. S2：A Chinese herbal written in 2500 BC listed 365 herbs. Papyri from Egypt dated to 1550 BC revealed a knowledge of 700 plant medicines, many of which are

29、 known and used today: elder, juniper, gentian, fennel, linseed, myrh and peppermint. S3: During the Greek and Roman civilizations, Hippocrates, Galen, Dioscorides, Theophrastus and any other physicians extended herbal knowledge providing detailed medicinal descriptions. S4: Following the advent of

30、printing came many great European herbals, one of the most famous being Gerards herbal printed in 1636 which gave the medicinal uses of about 3800 plants.,Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; howeve

31、r, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.,Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may thin

32、k that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time about eight hours after you wake up your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tes

33、ted sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern : They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.,To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmt

34、h, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the studys hypotheses（假设）, handed the students eithera hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. Af

35、ter that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Ba

36、rgh.,Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle.Harlows work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from

37、care givers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.,52. The author mentions Harlows experiment to show that _. A. adults should develop social skills B. babies need warm physical contact C. care givers should be healthy adults D. monkeys have social relationships,A

38、pplications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up. Professor John Beath, the president of the soci

39、ety and a leading lecturer at St Andrews University, said his first-year lectures-which are open to students from all departments-were drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250. Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “Its possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn wil

40、l be a generation thats financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.”,网：全文阅读之方法三：标点符号的种微读,1“。”句号，分隔句子。以“。”为单位，把段分隔成块，而后逐个击破。 2“，”逗号，两个逗号之间是补充说明成份时，在阅读过程中可以跳过去不读。英文中的逗号是无力连接两个句子的， 3“：”冒号，后面进一步补充说明前面的内容，冒号的前后有一个从抽象到具体的过程。 4“；”分号，并列结构，语义上的并列，结构上的并列。

41、 5“”破折号，两个“”之间是补充说明成份，可以先不去读。 6“”引号，引用某人的观点，反讽，讽刺。引用的目的：不论是正面还是反面引述都是为了说明核心概念、中心思想。否则就没有意义。 7“（）”补充说明，解释生词。 .?问号出现一般是设问，作者会自问自答； !感叹号表达一种强烈的感情色彩，有可能出态度题,十大考点路标,一、转折常考； 二、条件因果关系常考； 三、中文翻译常考； 四、各段首句常考； 五、数字常考； 六、列举常考 七、长难句常考； 八、比较级、比较、对比常考； 九、灭绝师太常考； 十、特殊标点常考,I was in a rush as always, but this time i

42、t was for an important date I just corldnt be late for !,41Why was the writer in a hurry that day? A. He was to meet his girlfriend. B. He had to go back to school soon. C. He was delayed by an elderly lady. D. He had to pick up some groceries.,Plants cant communicate by moving or making sounds,as m

43、ost animals do.Instead,plants produce volatile compounds,chermicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas .A flowers sweet smell,for example,comes from volatile compounas that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees.(09年,浙江),49.We learn from the text that plants communicate w

44、ith each other by_. A.making some sounds B.waving their leaves C.producing some chemicals D.sending out electronic signals,How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate.Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he (or she)is the centerMa

45、ny communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send themBut every day we experience the centrality of ourselves in communicationA student, for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment:I k

46、now my teacher doesnt like the fact that I dont agree with his opinions.And thats why he gave me such a poor grade in that class. The teacher might say the opposite Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other persons view is wrong,adj,self-centered,一、转折常考； 二、条件因果关系常考； 三、中文翻译常考； 四、各

47、段首句常考； 五、数字常考； 六、列举常考 七、长难句常考； 八、比较级、比较、对比常考； 九、灭绝师太常考； 十、特殊标点常考,A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below l6Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can ta

48、ke in heat from the sun and adjust the climateWithout the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world,72Rainfo

49、rests can help to adjust the climate because they Areflect more heat into the atmosphere Bbring about high rainfall throughout the world Crarely cause the temperature to drop lower than l6 Dreduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth,一、转折常考； 二、条件因果关系常考； 三、中文翻译常考； 四、各段首句常考； 五、数字常考； 六、列举常考 七、长

50、难句常考； 八、比较级、比较、对比常考； 九、灭绝师太常考； 十、特殊标点常考,Soil is made up of a number of layers(层)，each having its own distinctive colour and textureThe upper layer is known as the litterIt acts like a blanketlimiting temperature changes and reducing water lossThe topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock m

51、ixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖质)，which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colourThis layer is usually rich in nutrients，oxygen，and waterBelow the topsoil is the subsoil，a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matterThis layer is light

52、er in colour because of the lack of humusBeneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock,67The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called A1itter Btopsoil Chumus Dsubsoil,=upper layer,一、转折常考； 二、条件因果关系常考； 三、中文翻译常考； 四、各段首尾句常考； 五、数字常考； 六、列举常考 七、长难句常考； 八、比较级、比较、对比常考； 九、灭绝师太常考； 十

53、、特殊标点常考,P3: In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources(资源)：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animalsThis action affects the environment as a wholeFor example,a lot of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)in the air comes

54、from burning the rainforests.People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit. P4: There are two main reasons for thisFirstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or twoSecondly，cutting l

55、arge sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the worlds wood supply,73What does the word“this”underlined in the third paragraph refer to? A.We will lose much more than we can gain B.Humans have begun destroying rainforests C.People

56、have a strong desire for resources D.Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests,】,【,一、转折常考； 二、条件因果关系常考； 三、中文翻译常考； 四、各段首尾句常考； 五、时间数字常考； 六、列举常考 七、长难句常考； 八、比较级、比较、对比常考； 九、灭绝师太常考； 十、特殊标点常考,Overall, times are changing in the American home. In 1976, women busied themselves with 26 weekly hours of

57、sweeping-and-dusting work, compared with 17 hours in 2005. Men are taking on more housework, more than doubling their housework hours from six in 1976 to 13 in 2005.,46. How many hours of housework did men do every week in the 1970s? A. About 23. B. About 26. C. About 13. D. About 6.,一、转折常考； 二、条件因果关

58、系常考； 三、中文翻译常考； 四、各段首尾句常考； 五、时间数字常考； 六、列举常考 七、长难句常考； 八、比较级、比较、对比常考； 九、灭绝师太常考； 十、特殊标点常考,P3:I know this for a fact, because when I was growing up, my mothers “limited” English limited my perception of her. I was ashamed of her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality of what she had t

59、o say.That is ,because she expressed them imperfectly her thoughts were imperfect. And I had plenty of evidence to support me: the fact that people in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.,