高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧

1、阅读理解题型及解题技巧,阅读体裁 经过多年的发展与创新，高考英语阅读理解的选材特点、命题特点以及语篇的词数都相对稳定。阅读理解文章的语言材料一般都是原汁原味的英语文章，即in English, about English(cultures，countries，etc.)。材料涉及内容广，选材方面突出环保、人物传记、社会风俗、大众科普、广告、文学作品、时文报道等。（历届高考体裁）,题 型 及 解 题 技 巧,细节理解,考向一事实认定类 1特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how，much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。 2判断是非的形式。含有true/fal

2、se，not true/false或except等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。 3以“according to.”开头的提问形式。 4填空形式。,常见问题形式有： 1.According to the passage, who/ what/ which/ when/ Where / why / how/ how many/how much/ how long/ How soon/ how often, etc. ? 2. According to the passage, which of the following is true/ not tr

3、ue? 3. According to the passage, Which of the following is not mentioned ? 4. All of the following are true EXCEPT _. 5. In the passage the writer states that _. 6. Choose the best order in which the people do_. 7. Which of the following is true/false except? 8. Which of the following is mentioned e

4、xcept,Hoover Dam lies _. A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B,Sample 1,This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road， which is on the top of the dam. This dam

5、 is so big that there is an elevator inside. This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam， one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.,Hoover

6、Dam lies _. A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B,Sample 1,Sample 2,Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 19

7、91. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991， Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, sh

8、e had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.,Sample 2,Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of

9、Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,moved,Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991， Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of

10、 being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manner

11、s, designed by the Asia TV Station.,taken,According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is . Agreenhouse gas emissions (散发) in industrialized nations Bhigher surface water temperatures of the sea Ccontinuous global warming Drising sea levels,Sample 3, reported to the Earth Pol

12、icy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years . Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.,connect,to,According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fier

13、cer storms is . Agreenhouse gas emissions (散发) in industrialized nations Bhigher surface water temperatures of the sea Ccontinuous global warming Drising sea levels,Sample 3,Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not . A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an

14、 agreement with Tuvalu Callow Tuvaluans to move to the US D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real,Sample 4,Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhous

15、e gas emissions ,which are a main cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluan to live there,” Laupepa told the BBC.,Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not . A. agree to redu

16、ce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an agreement with Tuvalu Callow Tuvaluans to move to the US D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real,Sample 4,(故意用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生),?,Jack Londons last days were _. A. usual ones B. not poor ones C. rich ones D. unhappy ones,Sample 5,Jack London was a famo

17、us American writer. He burned himself out when he was 40. He thought of his mother, Flora, who had never been a very responsible person. He was sure she was mentally ill and that he was becoming like her. At last he became too tired to care. He would not work and continued to spend money he did not

18、have. He would not change his life, or his writing, perhaps he could not.,Jack Londons last days were _. A. usual ones B. not poor ones C. rich ones D. unhappy ones,Sample 5,考向二数字计算类 数字计算题可涉及年代、人物年龄、需付钱数等方面的数字计算。,You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250

19、B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000,Sample 6,Tuition Fees (学费)Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui waikatoacnz. Accommodation (住宿)You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with othe

20、r regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc waikatoacnz,$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)x12(months) +$150(生活费)x12=$8000,You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000,Sample 6,考向三顺序排列类 排列顺序类细节理解题的

21、考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后要求学生根据文章内容对选项中的事实进行排序。,Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts? a. Start the system. b. Make a shopping list. c. Find the things you want. d. Go to a self-checkout stand. A. abdc B. bacd C. acbd D. bcad,Sample 7,People can use

22、 a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system (系统) that will organize the trip around the store. If youre looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing

23、 where you are and where you can find them.,Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts? a. Start the system. b. Make a shopping list. c. Find the things you want. d. Go to a self-checkout stand. A. abdc B. bacd C. acbd D. bcad,Sample 7,主旨大意,考查考生,加工与浓

24、缩信息的能力,如何做主旨大意题,做此类题目时，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,1. 标题类常见的题型:,1.The best title/ headline for this passage might be_. 2.The text (passage) could be entitled . 3.What is the best title for the pass

25、age? 4.Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?,题 干 表 现 形 式,1. This passage chiefly deals with_. 2. Whats the topic of the article? 3. What is the subject discussed in the text? 4. With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?,2：大意类（文章和段落）常见题型,The authors main purpose

26、 in writing the passage is_. The passage is meant to _ The purpose of this article is _,3：目的类常见题型,主题句呈现的形式,A. 文首,提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主 题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作 方式。,sample 1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious

27、and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmf

28、ul. Is it worth it?,The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.,Sample

29、2,Sample 3,Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we cont

30、inue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.,B. 文尾,在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结 论建议或结果, 以 概括主题. 这是英 语中最常见的归 纳法写作方式。,sample 4 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may rea

31、lly only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance,sample 5 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No

32、one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.,C.文中,通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展。,sample 6 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hu- -

33、rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a

34、sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method C. Buyer Beware D. TV On Sale,(detail) (detail) (detail

35、),sample 7 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a

36、camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,无主题句,即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。,sample 8 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the

37、University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years

38、, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.,detail,detail,detail,Types Of Paragraph Structures,At the begin

39、ning,At the end,In the middle,No clear topic sentence,for example,so, therefore,特别注意：,文章中的but, however, as a result, therefore等词。它们通常是引出中心主旨的方向词。而for example, first, or to begin with等是引出细节的信息词，在它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。,Passage B(NMET2003) Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their lite

40、racy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in

41、the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of readin

42、g aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-

43、afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.,Example and success of the prog

44、ram,How to get the main idea of a passage?,Passage B(NMET2003) Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to g

45、ain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is so

46、ld on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November the two groups

47、 started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful t

48、hat the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.,Example and success of the program,59. What is mainly discussed in the text? A. Childrens reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs. C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading pro

49、gram.,details,Paragraph ideas,Passage idea,猜测词义,词义猜测题着重考查学生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。,Question Form,(1) The word “” in Line means/can be best replaced by (2) As used in the passage, the phrase “” suggests (3) From the passage, we can infer that

50、 the word/phrase “” is/refers to (4) The word “” is closest in meaning to ,1. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph? 2. The underlined word in the second paragraph means“_” 3. The word“it/they” in the last sentence refers to“_” 4. What does t

51、he phrase “_”in Paragraph 1 mean? 5. The underlined word“_” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by“_”,根据解释确定词义,技巧 1,1. Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another. 2. The other questioned the veracity- the truthfulness of these reports.,3. He is a resolute man, once

52、he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily. 4. He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.,根据对比确定词义,技巧 2,In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state o

53、f turmoil.,根据逻辑确定词义,技巧 3,If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest, and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired, then you are indefatigable.,根据上下文情景确定词义,技巧 4,The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means_. A cleaning up B

54、 taking in C wiping out D giving out,Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each yea

55、r.,根据上下文情景确定词义,技巧 4,The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means_. A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out,利用构词法猜测词义,技巧 5,利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜测词义,技巧 6,1. The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly Achildren Bancestors Cgenerations Dmates

56、 2. There is a stack of papers on Mr. Greens desk Apiece Bbalance Cmixture Dpile,Try to do the following exercises: 根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义,3. Before you buy something，check the quality firstFor example, if it is cheap, it might not be good Ahow good it is Bwhat the color is Cwhat the size is Dhow big it i

57、s 4. Please give me your recipe for this cake， so I can make it too Aa dish Bdirections for cooking Ca meal Ddirections to your house,5. Before a baby learns to walk, it has to crawl on the floor Awalk on two feet Bfly Csit in a chair Dmove on the hands and knees 6. Mr. Brown is an amateur photograp

58、herHe is an engineerBut in his free time he likes to take pictures A. as a hobby Bfor money Cas a job Das work,7. This small Christmas tree is made of plasticIt is not a real treeIt is artificial A. beautiful B. not natural C. for a special holiday Din an art museum 8. whales and elephants are gigantic animalsNo other animals can compare with them in size A. small Bland Csea Dhuge,9. The kiwi lays the l