2011年高考英语复习名词性从句精讲精练课件

1、2011年高考英语复习精讲精练课件,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中做- 表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中-,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,1. That he will come is certain.,2. I know that he will come.,3. The truth is that I have been there.,4. The fact that she was late surprised us.,为什么叫名词性从句？ _,整个从句相当于一个名词,比较:,The man looked around. That

2、 the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.,同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质,I know him. I know that he is writing his composition in his room,2. 为什么要有名词性从句？,那人看了看四周. (名词作主语),那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望. (从句作主语),我知道他在房间里写作文.,从句的特征:,是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分 (that 除外),名词能做的成分,从句都能做,从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多,主语从句

3、,that whether who whom whose what which when where why how,从 句 引导词:,1. That he knows Japanese is known to all.,他懂英语,这一点大家都知道,令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.,3. When he will come is unknown .,4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much.,他来不来没什么要紧的,他什么时候来不清楚.,他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.,5. It remains a secret how they climbed up t

4、he mountain.,主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It,主语太长了!放到句尾,That无词义,不可省略,What “什么”, “所.的”,2. What surprised me was to see him here .,When “什么时候”,主语从句不用 if,位于句首,It 作主语的常用句型有:,1. It + be +形容词 + that 从句,2. It + be +名称词组(duty/pity.) + that 从句,3. It + be + 过去分词(said/thought.) + that 从句,4. It +不及物动词(seem

5、/happen.) + that 从句,It is a pity that we cant go swimming.,It is said that he told her everything.,It happened that I was out that day.,It is certain that he will do well in the exam.,真可惜我们不能去游泳. 碰巧那天我外出了. 他考试肯定会考好. 据说他已告诉了她一切.,happen只有 it 句型,It is said只有 it 句型,用形式主语 it 的主语从句常见结构,It is clear (necess

6、ary, important, possible,remarkable that 很清楚（必要, 重要,可能, 值得注意等),It is a fact (a good thing, good news) that 事实是 ( 好事是,好消息是),It is well-known ( reported, recorded, estimated,said, believed) that众所周知( 据报道,据记载,据说,据估计),It turns out ( seems, happens, appears) that 结果是 ( 似乎是, 碰巧是, 好象是),It has been found (h

7、as been proved,can be seen,must be pointed out) that 已发现( 已证明,可以看出,需指出),用 it 句型翻译:,据说今年高一学生要学新教材. 事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务. 碰巧他们已经参加过军训了. 众所周知, 比尔 盖茨是世界上最富有的人. 我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要.,It is said that the Senior Grade one students will learn a new text this year.,It is a fact that they finished all the work by the

8、mselves.,It happened that they had had their military training.,It is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world.,It is important that we (should) form a good habit of studying.,Note: It is important/necessary/natural/our duty/essential/strange that sb (should) do sth. 固定句型, shoul

9、d可以省略,翻译: 真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了.,It is strange that he should be late today.,strange不省略should为好,that引导陈述句, 在从句中没有词义, 不可省略,她会讲法语这一点大家都知道.,That she can speak French is known to us all.,她一声不响拿走了他的杂志, 这使他很生气. _ 五班输了比赛, 这事令所有的人感到惊讶. _ 他干了一上午的活,这使他感到很累. _ 她不可能是美国人,这一点是很清楚的. _ 她已经入团了,这件事很快会被宣布. _,That he took away h

10、is magazine without a word made him angry.,That Class Five lost the game surprised everyone.,That he worked all morning made him feel very tired.,That she cant be an American is quite clear.,That she has joined the League will be announced soon.,What在从句中表示“什么”或“所.的”,What he will do next is unknown .

11、 What “什么”,比如：他下一步做什么我们不清楚。,在那儿所看到的(事物)是无法描述的. 我们怎么处理这些书与你无关. 她会给我们带些什么食物来还不清楚. 明天会发生什么事还是个谜.,What was seen there is beyond description.,What we will do with the food has nothing to do with you.,What food he will bring to us is not clear.,What will happen tomorrow is still a mystery.,What只用于名词性从句中,w

12、hen where why how who whom whose分别表示什么时候、什么地方、为什么、怎么、谁（主格/宾格）、谁的,When we will have a meeting is unknown.,Where we will have a meeting is unknown.,Why we should have a meeting is unknown.,我们什么时候开会不清楚. 我们在什么地方开会不清楚. 我们为什么要开会不清楚.,4. 他们是怎么发现那个秘密的令大家很感兴趣. 5. 谁来当他们的班主任还没有决定,How they discovered that secret

13、 interested everyone.,Who will be their class teacher has not been decided.,Where did they go last week is of no importance. ( ),错,凡是从句都必须用陈述语序,went,whether从句作主语时不能用 if,我们是否要重新做这个实验好没有决定. 这本书是否林先生写的这一点很重要. 他们是否能按时达到要看天气. 她是否能考上大学要看她是否努力.,Whether we should do the experiment again has not been decided

14、.,Whether the book was written by Mr. Lin is very important.,Whether they can arrive in time depends on the weather.,Whether she can pass the college entrance examination depends on whether she will work hard .,表语从句,从 句 同主语从句 (11个), 外加as if / 引导词: as though,1. The truth is that he has never been to

15、the countryside.,2. The question is whether w can finish the experiment by Friday.,3. It looks as if it were going to rain.,实际情况是他从未去过农村. that 一般不省略,问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验. 表语从句不用 if,4. This school is no longer what it was before.,这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了. what =the thing that,系动词后面,注意下列表语从句中where, how, why

16、的译法,This is where Lu Xun once lived. That was how they won the match. This is why she got up so early this morning.,这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.,他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.,这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.,我们就是这样克服困难的. 那就是他昨天缺席的原因. 这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.,This is / That was how we overcame the difficulties.,That is why he was absent yesterday.,Thi

17、s is where we met last Sunday.,固定句型: This is where This is why This is how.,这就是的地方,这就是的原因,这就是的方法,用表语从句合并,He was absent from the meeting. Thats the fact. Is he a student? Thats my question. When will we leave for the Island.? Thats what I want to know. Whom must our education serve ? Thats the most i

18、mportant.,The fact is that he was absent from the meeting.,My question is whether he is student. 从句一律陈述语序,What I want to know is when well leave for the Island,The most important is whom our education must serve.,5. My idea is_ (我们应该每天练习讲英语),that we should practice speaking English every day.,That无词

19、义,是引导词,不要遗漏,重要的是我们怎样提高英语成绩. _,The important thing is how we could improve our English.,标点符号,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略： （1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省； （2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。 （3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than t

20、he others do.,宾语从句,We think that Mr. Lin didnt come yesterday strange. (划出宾语/ 改用it) 每人都要写一篇作文这一点她已经讲得很清楚了. 我们觉得互相帮助是我们的责任. 我们认为他们在渡船上吸烟是不对的. 我们认为他们不可能的懂得怎么操作电脑.,We think it strange that Mr. Lin didnt come yesterday.,She has made it clear that everyone should write a composition.,We feel it our duty

21、that we should help each other.,We dont think it right that they smoke on the ferry.,We consider it impossible that they could know how to operate a computer.,whether与if的辨用,表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。 a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.) g .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if,1).whe

22、ther和if都可以引导宾语从句 a.当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if. eg: I dont know whether or not I will stay. b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. eg: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,2.注意 whether和if的使用区别,Practice time,if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not

23、.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.8. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,whether,whether /if,whether,whether,I doubt if / whether he will pass the exam. I dont doubt that we will win the match. Do you doubt that he did it on his own?,doubt问题,肯定句中用 if / whether,否定句中用 that,疑定句中用 that,I doubt _he is te

24、lling the truth. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out . Does he doubt _ you are from Austria? Im doubtful _ he will agree to this.,if / whether,that,that,if / whether,宾语从句常做动词的宾语,我记不得他是怎么找到这个答案的. 请告诉我林教授住在哪里. 我不在乎这是谁的责任. 他拿不定主意该去看哪场篮球比赛. 我不知道为什么她对她的儿子这么以严厉.,I dont remember how he found the

25、answer.,Please tell me where Professor Lin lives.,I dont care whose duty it is.,He cant decide which basketball match he should go and watch .,I dont know why she is so hard on her son.,做介词宾语,他总是想到任何为人民多做事. 除了下雨,他天天坚持锻炼. 她一切很顺利只是工作较忙. 我们对她女儿的遭遇感到震惊. 这是一个谁来做这项手术的问题.,He always thinks of how he can do

26、more for the people.,He keeps on doing exercise every day except when it rains.,Everything does on well except that he is busy with his work,We were shocked by what her daughter had suffered .,It is a matter of who will do the operation.,6. Did you hear about that he was fully recovered? ( ) 7. It a

27、ll depends on if the humid weather will change soon enough.( ) 8. I am very interested in how he did more with less money. ( ),whether,宾语从句经常做介词的宾语,The Swede stood still, except _ his lips moved slightly. She is not satisfied with _ she has achieved. Mary always thinks of _ she can do more for the c

28、lass. He wrote a letter of thanks to _ helped him. (任何一个),5. It depends on if we have enough time.,whether we have enough time.,介词后面不用 if,that,what,how,whoever,6. Are you sorry for which you have done?,what you have done?,介词后面不用 which,宾语从句经常作表语形容词的宾语,Im afraid (that ) Ill be late. We were surprised

29、that he lost the game.,我恐怕要迟到了. that 可以省略,我们对他在比赛中的失败感到惊异.,此类表语形容词有: afraid pleased happy satisfied anxious sure surprised certain glad aware用它们造句,that 从句只跟在 except,but, in ,besides等介词后面,correction,The emperor was pleased by which the minister told him about it. I find that this should be kept secre

30、t for the time being necessary. Can you doubt if she will succeed? I worried about if my brother will return in time. She said that she has never told a lie. Will you tell me when he leaves for Paris? Our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us. It looked that he was well prepared

31、for the unexpected challenge. That he said moved everyone present.,what,it necessary that this should be kept secret for the time being,that she will succeed ?,whether my brother will return in time.,had,will leave for Paris?,That our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us,What,It

32、 seemed,从句缺少引导词,that不做句子成分,没有It look that表达式,同位语从句,被修饰词有: fact, news, hope, opinion, order, question, problem, belief, truth, theory, decision, discovery, conclusion, promise, rumor, fear, thought, suggestion, plan, idea,同位语从句说明它们的内容,常见引导词: that , whether ( if ), how, wh- 疑问词,The fact that deeds are

33、 better than words is quite clear. The question how I did it is hard to answer. They had no idea where they should go to find some food. The question whether he comes or not is not important. ( if ) A thought came to me that he might be in the library.,事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚.,我怎么做的这一问题难回答.,他们根本不知去哪儿找食物,他是否来

34、这个问题不重要.,我突然想到他可能在图书馆. 被别的词隔开,that 无词义,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night.,_,The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their

35、parents and teachers a lot.,_,We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.,4.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many B

36、ritish parents hold the view.,_,Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.,_,_,The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处,1、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g.,The news that ou

37、r team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句） 我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。 The news that you told us is really encouraging. （定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。,2、两种从句都可以用that引导 e.g.,The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位语从句） 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。 The suggestion that is

38、 worth considering is that the students should learn something practical. （定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。,二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处,1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。,e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。） The news that you told us is really

39、encouraging. （从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）,2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。,e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children. （tha

40、t指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）,典型错误及归纳,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was.,Can you tell me how many students there are in your class?,I dont know where he has gone.,The ow

41、ner of the shop came to see what was the matter.,规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema. 5. My idea is that we must do our homework first. 6. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable.,We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.,My idea is

42、 that we (should) do our homework first.,His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.,规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！,问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet. 8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it. 9. The question is if he himself will be prese

43、nt at the meeting. 10. He asked me if I could go with him or not.,Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,It depends on whether the weather is .,The question is whether he himself will be present .,He asked me whether I could go with him or not.,规律三：什么情况只能用whether ？,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：

44、 I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books. 2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting. 3. Everybody considers it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such a short time. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.,it,it,that,whether

45、,规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况 下可以借助 “it” 而后置。,问题：想想看是什么“适当的情况”？,考点之一:考查名词性从句中that与what的区别 考例: _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what,分析: 在名词性从句中that与what的区别是:that在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用;而what在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分.句子的意思是:我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好.此题考查了两个名词性从

46、句:主语从句和宾语从句,what在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语.,考点之二:考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语 考例1: _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 分析:在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语.此句也可以改写为:That English is being accepted as an in

47、ternational language is a fact. 考例2: I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. this D. them 分析:此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放到后面.其他几个词均不能作形式宾语.,考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序 考例:The photographs will show you _ . A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does ou

48、r village look like D. how our village looks like,分析:在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时,有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题句子的意思是:这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。本题中根据引导词what要作介词like的宾语,而副词how不能作介词like的宾语,所以首先排除C、D,而A项是疑问句语序,故只能选B。,考点之四:考查名词性从句中的whether, if以及that的区别 考例1: _ well go camping tomorr

49、ow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 分析:句子的意思是:我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定. whether与if当是否讲时的区别是:在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟or not时通常只能用whether,而不能用if. 考例2: What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. wh

50、ether D. why 分析:本题句子的意思是:医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来.whether引导的是表语从句.,考例3: It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 分析:本题句子的意思是:头发变白使她有点儿不安。It作形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。whether, if以及that引导的名词性从句的区别是:whether与if(当是否讲时)引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义;而that引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义。,考点之五:考查名词性从句中的疑问词+e

51、ver引导的名词性从句及其与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别 考例 1:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 分析:本题句子的意思是:一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的.whatever引导的是宾语从句,A. however 和D. whenever是不能作宾语的;而C. whichever表示无论哪一个、无论哪些,表示在一定范围内的人或事物,此处并不涉及一定范围内的人或事物,所以也不能选

52、.,考例2: Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 分析:本题句子的意思是:萨拉希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友.疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句.首先排除D.而选A. anyone则应在其后加who.从句中需要的是主语,所以whomever也不行.,考点之六:考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 考例:It

53、is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master 分析:本题选B.句子的意思是:大学生至少应该掌握一门外语。It作形式主语,that引导的主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气(should) +do,常用的句型有: I. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that. I

54、I. It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.) that. III. It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that.如: It is strange that she (should) think so.,(2) 表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,常用的这类动词有suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等。如: I insist that she (should)

55、 do her work alone. (3) 主语是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表示建议、请求、要求、决定等意思的词时,表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should) +do。如: His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.,(4) 表示建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do。如: They received orders that the work(should

56、)be done at once.,II. Choose the best answer,1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when 2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what 3.I have no idea _he will come back. A. where B. when C. what D. that,II. Choose th

57、e best answer,4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that 6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week. A. what B