Chapter 3 语境与翻译

1、词语英译与语言语境,根据语言语境确定原文词义 根据语言语境选择译文用词 根据语言语境消除歧义 语言语境与词语感情色彩的传达 词语英译与文化语境（非语言语境）,根据语言语境确定原文词义,英语水平 English proficiency 生活水平 living standard 游泳水平 swimming skill,House townhouse icehouse blockhouse lighthouse roadhouse coffeehouse cowhouse slaughterhouse sugarhouse beerhouse bathhouse clubhouse henhouse

2、 teahouse washhouse gatehouse madhouse birdhouse schoolhouse gunhouse weighhouse,屋 府 场 厂 库 堡 舍 窝 坊 堂 室 棚 房 笼 院 处 所 台 馆 塔 栈,Passengers for Wuhan, ( 请注意）. Flight 1411, Plane Number 274 for Wuhan has been delayed due to mechanical problems. 2. All these measures ( 着眼于）further emancipating the productiv

3、e forces. 3. The decisive move in 1994 to bring China closer to a market economy involved (金融，财税、外汇、投资、外贸和粮价）,手机刷新了人与人的关系。 Cell phone （ ） the relationship among people. (refurbish/renovate) 维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。 The best way to keep the close relationship between friends is to keep close contacts

4、 with （ ） and mutual non-interference.,选择译文用词,中国对于进入WTO的态度是积极的，我们为此已经进行了十一年的谈判。 Chinas attitude towards the accession to WTO is a positive one, and we have been working for that objective for 11 years. 我们现在正在积极地做准备工作。 We are making busy preparations for that visit.,如蒙早日寄来样品或产品手册，不胜感激。 It would be ap

5、preciated if samples or brochure /catalogue could be soon forwarded to us. we will be grateful 老王说，他没着了，真急啊！ Mr Wang said that he was at the end of his tether and was very anxious!,我们应贯彻、落实这个战略决策。 We should （ ）the strategic policy decision. 金鸡鞋油： 颜色有黑、棕、白、蓝。 Golden Rooster Shoe Polish comes in black

6、, brown, white and blue.,他谢绝赴宴的邀请。 He （ ）an invitation to dinner. 如果发生创伤，最重要的是预防感染。 If an injury should （ ）, it is then very important to prevent infection. 我校目前尚未设博士点。 Our university hasnt yet had any doctoral （ ）.,消除歧义,昨天看电影我没有买好票。 I did not buy a good seat for yesterdays film. 这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才

7、。 The national key university has prepared batches of qualified graduates for the society.,语境与感情色彩的传递,开来到南京路口的一路电车正冲着那对头风挣扎；它那全身的窗子就像害怕了似的扑扑地跳个不住。 A No.1 tram running towards to the end of Nanjing Road was battling with the powerful head-wind and its windows rattled noisily as if trembling with fear

8、.,当前在农业生产中要狠抓施肥。 Attention should not be paid to the question of manure in agricultural production. 炉子上的火苗，随着风向低沉的吼声一闪一闪的。 The furnace flashed in rhythm with the flip-flap of the bellows.,文化语境,形成了体育文化热 There has arisen an intense popular interest in physical culture. 好汉做事好汉当。 A true man has the cour

9、age to accept the consequences of his own actions.,a. 寿终 b. 蹬腿 c. 逝世 d. 命归黄泉 e. 入土 f. 长眠 g. 见阎王 h. 暴毙 i. 牺牲 j. 超度 k. 归西,l. 咽气 m. 弃世 n. 去极乐世界 o. 没了 p. 了结尘缘 q. 安息 r. 自杀 s. 丢了命 t. 翘辫子 u. 走了 v. 崩了 w. 闭眼，合眼 x. 仙逝 y. 献身 z. 过了,13. To lay down ones life 14. To release souls from suffering 15. To abandon the

10、 world 16. To go to glory 17. To end ones day 18. To come to a violent death 19. To commit suicide 20. To lose ones life 21. To die a martyr 22. To be no more 23. To go to sleep 24. To pass away 25. To kick up ones heels 26. To pay the debt of nature,表达中的选词 1. To go west 2. To rest in peace 3. To re

11、turn to dust 4. To leave this world 5. To depart to the world of shadows 6. To go to Nirvana 7. To demise 8. To breathe ones last 9. To close ones eyes 10. To kick the bucket 11. To answer the last call 12. To expire,修辞色彩,俗语、成语、歇后语 译者应在不影响指称意义传达的前提之下尽可能在译文中反映出原文独特的文化信息和审美价值。,“假朋友”,外来移民 immigrant 锄草 weeding 雅座 best(comfortable or private) room （corner) 高寒地区 alpine district,高校 colleges and university 儿戏 trifling matter 红