小学英语基础大全

1、元音单元音前元音ie中元音后元音u双元音开合双元音eaa集中双元音e辅音爆破音清辅音ptk浊辅音bd摩擦音清辅音fsh浊辅音vz破擦音清辅音ttrts浊辅音ddrdz鼻音（浊辅音）mn舌则音（浊辅音）lr半元音（浊辅音）jw注：不同词典有不同的音标符号系统，本表为最新dj英语国际音标表符号48个英语国际音标表大全星期：monday mndi n. 星期一tuesday tju:zdi; -dei n. 星期二wednesday wenzdi; -dei n. 星期三thursday :zdi; -dei n. 星期四friday fraidi n. 星期五saturday stdi; -dei

2、 n. 星期六sunday sndin. 星期日；礼拜日月份：january dnjuri n. 一月february februri n. 二月march m:t n.三月april eiprl n. 四月may mei n. 五月june du:n n. 六月july dla n. 七月august :st n. 八月（简写为aug）september septemb n. 九月october ktub n. 十月november nuvemb n. 十一月december disemb n. 十二月i 询问姓名、年龄。1. -whats your name? -你叫什么名字？-my na

3、me is _. -我叫。2. -how old are you? -你几岁了？-im 12. -我十二岁。ii 询问颜色。1. -what colour is it? -它是什么颜色的？-its yellow and white. -黄白相间。2. -what colour are they? -它们是什么颜色的？-theyre green. -绿色的。iii询问数量或价钱。1. -how many kites can you see? -你可以看见几只风筝？-i can see 12. -我可以看见十二只风筝。2. -how many crayons do you have? -你有多少支

4、彩笔？-i have 16. -我有十六支。3.-how many people are there in your family? -你家有几口人？-three. -三口人。4.-how much is this dress? -这条连衣裙多少钱？-its ninety-nine yuan. -九十九元。5.-how much are these apples? -这些苹果多少钱？-theyre thirty-five yuan. -三十五元。iv询问时间或日期。1. -what time is it now? -现在几点钟？-its nine oclock.its time for eng

5、lish class.九点。该上英语课了。-its eight oclock. its time to go to bed. 八点。该上床睡觉了。2.-what day is it today? -今天星期几？-its monday. -星期一。-what do we have on mondays? -我们星期一上哪些课？-we have chinese, english, math -语文、英语、数学3.-when is your birthday? -你的生日是什么时候？-its october 1st, our national day.-十月一日，国庆节。4.-when do you

6、 do morning exercises? -你们什么时候做早锻炼？-i usually do morning exercises at 8:30.-我们通常8：30做早锻炼。v询问方位或地方。1. -where is my toy car? -我的玩具汽车在哪儿？-its here, under the chair. -在这儿，在椅子下面。2.-where is the canteen? -餐厅在哪儿？-its on the first floor -在一楼。3. -where are the keys? -钥匙在哪儿？-theyre in the door. -在门上。4.-excuse

7、 me. where is the library, please? 对不起，请问图书馆在哪儿？-its near the post office. -在邮局附近。5. -where are you from? -你从哪儿来？-im from china. -我从中国来。6. -where does the rain come from? -雨是从哪儿来的？-it comes from the clouds. -它是从云层里来的。vi询问想吃的东西。1.-what would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner ?你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃点什么？-id

8、 like some bread and milk / rice and soup.我想吃面包和牛奶/米饭和汤。2.-whats for breakfast / lunch / dinner?-早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么？-hamburgers and orange juice. -汉堡包和橙汁。vii询问天气状况。1.-whats the weather like in beijing? -北京的天气如何？-its rainy today. how about new york? 今天是雨天。纽约呢？-its sunny and hot. -今天是晴天，天气很热。viii询问身体状况或情绪。1.

9、 -how do you feel? -你感觉如何？-i feel sick. -我觉得不舒服。2. -whats the matter? -怎么了？-my throat is sore. / i have a sore throat.-我的喉咙疼。3. -how are you, sarah? you look so happy. -你好吗，莎拉？你看起来这么伤心。-i failed the math test. -我的数学考试没有通过。ix询问职业、身份或人物。1.-whats your father / mother? -你的父亲 / 母亲是做什么的？-hes a doctor. / s

10、hes a teacher.-他是一名医生。/ 她是一名教师。2.-what does your mother / father do? -你的母亲 / 父亲是做什么的？-shes a tv reporter. / hes a teacher. he teaches english.她是一名电视台记者。/他是一名教师。他教英语。3.-whos that man / woman? -那位男士 / 女士是谁？-hes my father. / shes my mother. 他是我父亲。 / 她是我母亲。4.-whos this boy / girl? -那个男孩儿 / 女孩儿是谁？-hes my

11、 brother. / shes my sister.-他是我兄弟。 / 她是我姐妹。5.-whos your art teacher? -你们的美术老师是谁？-miss wang. -王老师。-whats she like? -她长什么样儿？-shes young and thin. -她很年轻、苗条。 学英语主要句型汇总 i 询问姓名、年龄：name，how old1. -whats your name? -你叫什么名字？ -my name is _. -我叫。 2. -whats his name? -他的名字是什么？ -his name is mike. -他的名字是麦克。3. -wh

12、ats her name? -她的名字是什么？ -her name is chen jie.-她的名字是陈婕。4. -how old are you? -你几岁了？ -im 12. -我十二岁。 5. -how old is he/she? -他/她几岁了？ -he/she is 23. -他/她23岁。 ii 询问颜色：colour1. -what colour is it? -它是什么颜色的？-its yellow and white. -黄白相间。2. -what colour are they? -它们是什么颜色的？ -theyre green. -绿色的。 iii 询问时间或日期：w

13、hen1. -what time is it now? -现在几点钟？ -its nine oclock. its time for english class. -九点。该上英语课了。 (-its eight oclock. its time to go to bed.) （-八点。该上床睡觉了。）2. -what day is it today? -今天星期几？ -its monday. -星期一。 -what do we have on mondays? -我们星期一上哪些课？-we have chinese, english, math -语文、英语、数学3. -when is you

14、r birthday? -你的生日是什么时候？ -its october 1st, our national day. -十月一日.国庆节。4. -when do you do morning exercises? -你们什么时候做早锻炼？ -i usually do morning exercises at 8:30. -我们通常8：30做早锻炼。 iv 询问方位或地方：where1. -where is my toy car? -我的玩具汽车在哪儿？ -its here, under the chair. -在这儿.在椅子下面。2. -where is the canteen? -餐厅在哪

15、儿？ -its on the first floor. -在一楼。3. -where are the keys? -钥匙在哪儿？ -theyre in the door. -在门上。4. -excuse me. where is the library, please? 对不起.请问图书馆在哪儿？ -its near the post office. -在邮局附近。5. -where are you from? -你从哪儿来？ -im from china. -我从中国来。6. -where does the rain come from? -雨是从哪儿来的？ -it comes from t

16、he clouds. -它是从云层里来的。 v 询问数量或价钱：how many ， how much1. -how many kites can you see? -你可以看见几只风筝？ -i can see 12. -我可以看见十二只风筝。2. -how many crayons do you have? -你有多少支彩笔？ -i have 16. -我有十六支。3. -how many people are there in your family? -你家有几口人？ -three. -三人。4. -how much is this dress? -这条连衣裙多少钱？ -its nine

17、ty-nine yuan. -九十九元。5. -how much are these apples? -这些苹果多少钱？ -theyre thirty-five yuan. -三十五元。 xvi “how”问句：how tall, how heavy, how long1. -how tall are you? -你有多高？ -im 160 cm tall. im taller than you. -我有160公分。我比你高。2. -how heavy are you? -你有多重？ -im 48 kg. youre heavier than me. -我有48公斤。你比我重。3. -how

18、do you go to school? -你怎么上学？ -usually i go to school on foot. sometimes i go by bike. -我通常步行上学。有时候骑自行车。4. -how can i get to zhongshan park? 我怎么到中山公园去？ -you can go by the no. 15 bus. 你可以乘坐15路公汽。 (-go straight for five minutes. then turn left. its on the left.) -直走五分钟。然后左转。公园就在左边。5. how long 有多长？ viii

19、询问身体状况或情绪：feel, matter1. -how do you feel? -你感觉如何？ -i feel sick. -我觉得不舒服。-how does chen jie feel? -陈洁感觉如何？ -shes tired. -她很疲倦。2. -whats the matter? -怎么了？ -my throat is sore. / i have a sore throat.-我的喉咙疼。3. -how are you, sarah? you look so happy. -你好吗.莎拉？你看起来这么伤心。 -i failed the math test. -我的数学考试没有通

20、过。 vi 询问想吃的东西：would like1. -what would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner ? -你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃点什么？ -id like some bread and milk / rice and soup. -我想吃面包和牛奶/米饭和汤。2. -whats for breakfast / lunch / dinner? -早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么？ -hamburgers and orange juice. -汉堡包和橙汁。 vii 询问天气状况：weather1. -whats the weather like i

21、n beijing? -北京的天气如何？ -its rainy today. how about new york? -今天是雨天。纽约呢？ -its sunny and hot. -今天是晴天.天气很热。 ix 询问职业、身份或人物：who , what1. -whats your father / mother? -你的父亲 / 母亲是做什么的？ -hes a doctor. / shes a teacher. 他是一名医生。/ 她是一名教师。2. -what does you mother / father do? 你的母亲 / 父亲是做什么的？ -shes a tv reporter.

22、 / hes a teacher. he teaches english.-她是一名电视台记者。/他是一名教师。他教英语。3. -whos that man / woman? -那位男士 / 女士是谁？ -hes my father. / shes my mother. -他是我父亲。 / 她是我母亲。4, -whos this boy / girl? 那个男孩儿 / 女孩儿是谁？ -hes my brother. / shes my sister. 他是我兄弟。 / 她是我姐妹。5. -whos your art teacher? -你们的美术老师是谁？ -miss wang. -王老师。

23、-whats she like? -她长什么样儿？ -shes young and thin. -她很年轻、苗条。 x 询问兴趣、喜好：favourite1. -whats your favourite food / drink? -你最喜欢的食物 / 饮料是什么？ -fish / orange juice. -鱼。 / 橙汁。2. -whats your favourite season? -你最喜欢的季节是什么？ -winter. -冬天。 (-which season do you like best? （-你最喜欢哪个季节？-winter.) -冬天。） -why do you lik

24、e winter? -你为什么喜欢冬天？ -because i can make a snowman. -因为可以堆雪人。3. -whats your hobby? -你的爱好是什么？ -i like collecting stamps. -我喜欢集邮。 -whats his hobby? -他的爱好是什么？ -he likes riding a bike. -他喜欢骑自行车。4. -do you like peaches? -你喜欢吃桃子吗？ -yes, i do. / no, i dont. -喜欢。/ 不喜欢。 xi 询问平时一般做的事情：what1. -what do you do o

25、n saturdays / on the weekends? -你星期六 / 周末一般做什么？ -i usually do my homework. sometimes i play football. -我通常做作业.有时候踢足球。 xii 询问正在做的事情：what + -ing1. -what are you doing? -你在做什么？ -im doing the dishes. -我在洗盘子。2. -whats your father doing? -你父亲正在做什么？ -hes writing an e-mail. -他正在写电子邮件。3. -whats the tiger doi

26、ng? -那只老虎在干什么？ -its running. -它在奔跑。4. -what are the elephants doing? -那些大象在干什么？ -theyre drinking. -它们正在喝水。 xiii 询问将要做的事情：what/where/when + going1. -what are you going to do? -你准备做什么？ -im going to the cinema. -我准备去看电影。 -when are you going to do? -你准备什么时候去？ -this afternoon. -今天下午。2. -where are you goi

27、ng this afternoon? -今天下午你准备到哪儿去？ -im going to the bookstore. -我准备到书店去。 -what are you going to buy? -你打算买点儿什么？ -im going to buy a comic book. -我准备买本漫画书。 xiv 询问曾经做的事情：1. -where did you go last weekend / yesterday / on your holiday?-你上周末/昨天/假期到哪儿去了？ -i went to wuhan. -我去了武汉。2. -how did you go there? -你

28、怎么去的？ -i went by train. -我坐火车去的。3. -what did you do there? -你在那儿做了些什么？ -i went shopping. -我去购物了。 xv 一般疑问句：1. -is this your bedroom? -这是你的卧室吗？ -yes, it is. -是的。 -is your sister in the living room? -你姐姐在客厅吗？ -no, she isnt. / yes, she is. -不在。/ 在。2. -is this your skirt? -这是你的短裙吗？ -yes, it is. / no, it

29、isnt. -是的。/ 不是。3. -is your english teacher young? -你的英语老师年轻吗？ -yes, she is. / no, she isnt. -是的。/不.她不年轻。4. -are these / those / they cucumbers? -这些 / 那些是黄瓜吗？ -yes, they are. / no, they arent. -是的。/ 不是的。5. -is there a river in the park? -公园里有一条小河吗？ -yes, there is. / no, there isnt. -有。/ 没有。 -are ther

30、e any bridges in your village? -你们村子里有桥吗？ -yes, there are. / no, there arent. -有。/ 没有。6. -can i wear my new shirt today? -我今天可以穿新衬衫吗？ -yes, you can. / no, you cant. -可以。/ 不可以。7. -can you wash your clothes? -你会洗衣服吗？ -yes, i can. / no, i cant. -会。/ 不会。8. -does your pen pal live in shanghai? -你的笔友住在上海吗

31、？ -no, he doesnt. he lives in beijing. -不.他住在北京。9. -does she teach english? -她教英语吗？ -no, she doesnt. she teaches math. -不.她教数学。10. -did you read books yesterday? -你昨天读书了吗？ -yes, i did. / no, i didnt. -读了。/ 没读。 xvii 其他：1. -whats in the classroom? -教室里有什么？ -a board, six lights, three fans, many desks

32、and chairs.-一块黑板、六盏灯.三把电扇和许多桌椅。2. what about you? / how about you? -你呢？3. i like the white sweater with the green skirt. -我喜欢这件白毛衣配这条绿短裙。4. -whose is it? -它是谁的？ -its mine / yours / his / hers. -是我的。/ 你的。/ 他的。/ 她的。5. -what can you do? -你会做什么？ -im helpful. i can sweep the floor and do the dishes. -我很能

33、干。我会扫地、洗盘子。6. -whats your bedroom like? -你的卧室是什么样儿的？ -there is a big closet and a new mirror. there are blue curtains.-卧室里有一个大衣橱和一面新镜子。还有蓝色的窗帘。一、 人称代词1、人称代词是表示我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：单数复数格主格宾格主格宾格第一人称imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemshehertheythemitittheythem2、人称代词的用法（1）代词作主语时

34、用主格，作宾语时用宾格：he has great concern for them 他很关心他们。they all like him very much 他们都很喜欢他。she gave the books to you and me这些书是她送给你和我的。（2）人称代词作表语时，用宾格时较多，特别是在口语中，例如：who is knocking at the door?its me谁敲门?是我。if i were her，i would take the advice 我要是她就接收这个意见。imagine yourself to be me设想你是我。但在下面这种结构中却常用主格：it w

35、as he who did itit is she who wants it在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格：he is more intelligent than herhe is taller than i am3、在使用人称代词时还应注意以下几点：（1）we，you两词有时可用来泛指一般人：we （you）have to be cautious under such circumstances在这样的情况下大家应特别小心。we （you）should keep calm even when we（you）are in danger即使在危急时刻也要保持冷静。they也可用来泛

36、指某一些人：they dont allow us to smoke here 这儿不让抽烟。（they代表谁不清楚）they dont make decent furniture nowadays 现今做不出象样的家具。（2）she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等：i think england will do what she promised to do 我想英国会履行她的诺言。the “easter” is due in tomorrow，isnt she?东方号轮船明天进港，是吗?（3）在并列的主语中，i总放在最后：mrwang and i are in charge of the

37、 work 我和王先生负责这项工作。小学英语单词分类表一、学习用品（school things）pen钢笔pencil铅笔pencil-case铅笔盒ruler尺子book书bag包post card明信片newspaper报纸schoolbag书包eraser橡皮crayon蜡笔sharpener卷笔刀story-book故事书notebook笔记本chinese book语文书english book英语书maths book数学书magazine杂志newspaper报纸dictionary词典二、身体部位（body）foot脚head头face脸hair头发nose鼻子mouth嘴ey

38、e眼睛ear耳朵arm手臂hand手finger手指leg腿tail尾巴三、颜色（colours）red红blue蓝yellow黄green绿white白black黑pink粉红purple紫orange橙brown棕四、动物（animals）cat猫dog狗pig猪duck鸭rabbit兔子horse马elephant大象ant蚂蚁fish鱼bird鸟 snake蛇mouse鼠kangaroo袋鼠monkey猴子panda熊猫bear熊lion狮tiger老虎fox狐狸zebra斑马deer鹿giraffe长颈鹿goose鹅hen母鸡turkey火鸡lamb小羊sheep绵羊goat山羊co

39、w奶牛shark鲨鱼seal海豹五、人物（people）friend朋友boy男孩girl女孩mother母亲father父亲sister姐妹brother兄弟uncle叔叔man男人woman女人mr先生miss小姐lady女士mom妈妈dad爸爸parents父母grandma/grandmother（外）祖母grandpa/grandfather（外）祖父aunt阿姨cousin堂表兄弟姐妹son儿子baby婴儿kid小孩classmate同学queen女王visitor参观者neighbour邻居principal校长pen pal笔友tourist旅行者people人物robot机器

40、人六、职业（job）teacher教师student学生doctor医生nurse护士driver司机farmer农民singer歌唱家writer作家actor男演员actress女演员artist画家tv reporter电视台记者engineer工程师policeman（男）警察salesperson销售员cleaner清洁工baseball player棒球运动员assistant售货员七、食品（food and drink:）breakfast早餐lunch中餐dinner晚餐egg鸡蛋rice米饭cake蛋糕bread面包jam果酱biscuit饼干sausage香肠sandwic

41、h三明治dumplings饺子fish and chips炸鱼薯条meat肉chicken鸡肉mutton羊肉beef牛肉pork猪肉fish鱼hamburger汉堡hot dog热狗noodles面条soup汤salad沙拉milk牛奶water水ice-cream冰淇淋cola可乐juice果汁tea茶coffee咖啡fruit水果apple苹果banana香蕉pear梨orange橙watermelon西瓜grape葡萄cherry樱桃lemon柠檬mango芒果coconut椰子peach桃strawberry草莓vegetable蔬菜eggplant茄子 green beans青豆

42、tomato西红柿 potato土豆 cucumber黄瓜 onion洋葱 carrot胡萝卜 cabbage卷心菜 pumpkin 南瓜 sweet potato红薯 pea 豌豆八、衣服（clothes）jacket夹克衫shirt衬衫t-shirt t恤衫skirt短裙子dress连衣裙jeans牛仔裤pants/trousers裤子socks袜子shoes鞋子sweater毛衣coat上衣raincoat雨衣shorts短裤sandals凉鞋boots靴子hat帽子cap鸭舌帽sunglasses太阳镜tie领带scarf围巾gloves手套九、交通工具（vehicles）bike自行

43、车bus公共汽车train火车水boat小船ship轮船yacht快艇car小汽车taxi出租车jeep吉普车van小货车plane飞机subway地铁motor cycle摩托车十、杂物（other things）window窗户door门desk课桌chair椅子bed床computer计算机board写字板fan风扇light灯teachers desk讲台picture图画；photo照片wall墙壁floor地板mirror镜子football足球present/gift礼物walkman随身听lamp台灯phone电话sofa沙发shelf书架fridge冰箱table桌子tv电视

44、air-conditioner空调key钥匙lock锁plate盘子knife刀fork叉spoon勺子chopsticks筷子pot锅toy玩具doll洋娃娃ball球balloon气球kite风筝jigsaw puzzle拼图游戏box盒子umbrella伞zipper拉链violin小提琴yo-yo溜溜nest鸟窝hole洞toothbrush牙刷menu菜单e-card电子卡片e-mail电子邮件traffic light交通灯money钱medicine药十一、地点（locations）home家room房间bedroom卧室bathroom卫生间living room起居室/客厅kitchen厨房classroom教室school学校park公园library图书馆post office邮政局hospital医院cinema电影院bookstore书店farm农场zoo动物园garden花园playground操场canteen餐厅teachers office教师办公室gym体育馆washroom盥洗室art room美术室computer room电脑房music room音乐教室tv room电视房flat公寓company公司fact