翻译话题词汇：历史文化类1

1、翻翻译话题词汇译话题词汇：历历史文化史文化类类1 一、一、课课堂堂词汇词汇 1. 历历史那些事儿史那些事儿 四大文明古国 four ancient civilizations 中国 china 古巴比伦 ancient babylon 古埃及 ancient egypt 古印度 ancient india 悠久的历史 long / time-honoured history 辉煌灿烂的文化 brilliant / glorious / gorgeous / splendid culture 传播到世界每一个角落 spread. to every corner of the world spre

2、ad. to all corners of the world 2. 朝代基本信息朝代基本信息 夏 the xia dynasty 商 the shang dynasty 周 the zhou dynasty 春秋 the spring and autumn period 战国 the warring states period 秦 the qin dynasty 汉 the han dynasty 三国 the three kingdoms period 东西晋 the eastern jin dynasty; the western jin dynasty 南北朝 the northern

3、 and southern dynasties 隋 the sui dynasty 唐 the tang dynasty 五代十国 the five dynasties and ten kingdoms period 宋 the song dynasty 元 the yuan dynasty 明 the ming dynasty 清 the qing dynasty 建立 begin / start in xx (year); be founded / established in xx (year) 灭亡 end / collapse in xx (year); be overthrown

4、in xx (year) 统治时间 rule (china) for xx years 皇帝继位登基 (emperor) come / succeed to the throne 巩固执政地位 consolidate the ruling status / position 巩固执政根基 consolidate the ruling foundation 皇位继承者 the heir to the throne 废弃旧的政治制度 abolish the old political system 扇贝内部资料，请勿外传 1 建立新的政治制度 establish the new political

5、 system 政治局面 political situation 动荡不安 unrest; turbulent; in turmoil 平稳有序 orderly; peaceful; stable 最高统治者 supreme ruler; sovereign 保持政局稳定 maintain the stability of political system (国库)充盈 (national treasury) be abundantly supplied 开创者 founder (of a dynasty) 战争武力 war; military force 建立政权 establish the

6、 political power 减轻税负 reduce the tax burden 恢复生产 resume production 增殖人口 increase population 政治稳定 relatively stable political power 经济繁荣 highly developed economy 文化昌盛 flourishing / prosperous culture 安居乐业 live and work in peace and contentment 丰衣足食 have ample food and clothing; be well-fed and well-c

7、lothed 太平盛世 time of peace and prosperity 3. 科技方面成就科技方面成就 四大发明 four great inventions 造纸术 papermaking 指南针 compass 火药 gunpowder 印刷术 printing 西汉 the western han dynasty 东汉 the eastern han dynasty 书写材料 writing materials 航海 navigation 率领船队 lead the fleet (of ships) 七下西洋 sail to the western seas seven time

8、s 探险航行 voyage of exploration 炼金术士 taoist alchemist 炼制丹药 make pills of immortality 燃烧 combustion 爆炸 explosion 活字印刷术 movable type printing 雕版印刷术 woodblock printing 印刷效率 printing efficiency 封建社会 feudal society 科技发达 advanced science and technology 扇贝内部资料，请勿外传 2 水钟 water clock 日晷 sundial 地动仪 seismograph

9、古代社会的发展 the development of ancient society 世界文明的发展 the development of world civilization 加剧全球化进程 accelerate the process of globalization 人类文明的进步 the progress of human civilization 陆上丝绸之路 the continental silk road 海上丝绸之路 the maritime silk road 出使西域 be on a diplomatic mission to the western regions 茶叶

10、 tea 瓷器 porcelain 刺绣 embroidery 药材 medicinal materials 调料 seasoning 马匹 horse 互通有无 exchange needed goods / products 贸易路线 trade route 友好往来 friendly communication 联系东西方文化 link eastern and western cultures 和平、友谊之路 road of peace and friendship 4. 文化方面成就文化方面成就 中华传统文化 traditional chinese culture 博大精深 exten

11、sive and profound 源远流长 long-standing and well-established 中国传统哲学思想 traditional chinese philosophy 四大名著 the four great classical novels 中国传统文学作品 traditional chinese literary works works of traditional chinese literature 秦始皇 the first emperor of qin 焚书坑儒 the burning of books; the burying of scholars 汉

12、武帝 emperor wu of han 儒家思想 confucianism; confucian thought 治理国家 run / rule / govern the country 孔子 confucius 儒家文化 confucian culture 主流文化 mainstream culture 行为准则 code of behaviour 仁 benevolence 义 righteousness 礼 principles 扇贝内部资料，请勿外传 3 智 intelligence 信 trustworthiness 尽孝道 show filial piety to parents

13、 中庸之道 the doctrine of the mean 道家思想 taoism; taoist thought 崇尚节俭 advocate thrift 清净 discard all desires and worries from ones mind 无为 govern by doing nothing that goes against nature 老子 laozi (master lao) 庄子 zhuangzi (master zhuang) 道家哲学 taoist philosophy 阴阳五行 yin-yang and five elements 互相对立 contradi

14、ctory 互相联系 interconnected 金、木、水、火、土 metal; wood; water; fire; earth 佛教 buddhism 外来文化 alien culture 文化交流 cultural exchange 文化融合 cultural integration 佛家思想 buddhist thought 生死轮回 repetitive cycle of birth and death 众生平等 the equality of all human beings 因果报应 the law of cause and effect 文学体裁 literary form

15、 / style / genre 诗歌 verse; poetry 散文 prose 小说 novel; fiction 戏剧 play; drama; theatre 诗经 the classic of poetry; the book of songs 先秦散文 prose writings of the pre-qin age 楚辞 the verses of chu; the songs of chu 汉赋 prose-poetry in the han dynasty 唐诗 tang poetry 宋词 song poetry 元曲 yuan poetry 明清小说 fictions

16、 of the ming and qing dynasties 水浒传 water margin; outlaws of the marsh 三国演义 romance of the three kingdoms 西游记 journey to the west 红楼梦 dream of the red chamber; the story of the stone 出版时间 publication date 作者 writer; author 扇贝内部资料，请勿外传 4 写作背景 writing background 主人公 leading character; protagonist 故事情节

17、 plot; storyline 出版于 be published in / during. 由撰写 be written by / attributed to. 植根于 be rooted in.; have roots in. 宗教信仰 religious faiths / beliefs 神话传说 ancient myths and legends 基于历史事件 be based on historical events 详细讲述 give a full / detailed account of. 佛教高僧 buddhist monk 重重磨难 many trials and much

18、 suffering 取回佛教真经 get back buddhist sacred texts 扇贝内部资料，请勿外传 5 二、二、补补充充词汇词汇 1. 先秦先秦时时期期 旧石器时代 old stone age 新石器时代 new stone age 远古时代 ancient times 原始社会 primitive society 华夏祖先 chinese ancestors 三皇五帝 three sovereigns and five legends 黄帝 yellow emperor 炎帝 yan emperor 甲骨文 scripts on oracle bones 青铜年代 br

19、onze age 天命 mandate of heaven 天子 son of the heavenly king 礼乐制度 rites and music principals 百家争鸣 hundred schools of thoughts 孟子 mencius 荀子 xuncius 墨家 mohism 法家 legalism 孙子兵法 the art of war 四书五经 four books and five classics 论语 analects of confucius 大学 great learning 中庸 doctrine of the mean 礼记 book of r

20、ites; classic of rites 易经 book of changes 宗教信仰 religious belief 长生不老 immortality 孔孟之道 confucius-mencius doctrines 道德观 moral outlook 和为贵 harmony is most precious? 礼之本 the essence of rites 仁之本 the foundation of harmony 性本善 the essential goodness of human nature 敬老慈幼 respect the old and love the young?

21、 道德修养 moral cultivation? 2. 秦秦汉时汉时期期 陈胜吴广起义 dazexiang uprising 郡县制 administrative system of prefectures and counties 扇贝内部资料，请勿外传 6 灵渠 ling canal 阿房宫 epang palace 楚汉战争 chu-han contention 西楚霸王 prince of western chu 匈奴 xiongnu; the huns 游牧民族 nomadic people 文景之治 great reigns of emperor wen and emperor j

22、ing 七国之乱 rebellion of seven feudatory states 罢黜百家 suppress other schools of thoughts 独尊儒术 promote confucianism 史记 the records of the grand historian 二十四史 the 24 official history accounts 玉门关 yumen pass 光武中兴 the reign of emperor guangwu 黄巾起义 yellow turbans uprising 赤壁之战 battle of red cliffs 三公九卿 thre

23、e councillors and nine ministers 汉书 book of han 后汉书 book of later han 金缕玉衣 a jade suit with golden wires 昭君出塞 wang zhaojuns marriage to xiongnu 3. 魏晋南北朝魏晋南北朝时时期期 三国 three kingdoms 三国志 records of three kingdoms 兰亭集序 preface to the orchid pavilion poems 书圣 master of chinese calligraphy 田园诗 poetry of c

24、hinese fields and gardens 山水诗 poetry of chinese landscapes 晋书 book of jin 云冈石窟 yungang grottoes 龙门石窟 longmen grottoes 齐民要术 essential techniques for peoples welfare 水经注 commentary on the water classic 世说新语 a new account of tales in the world 4. 隋唐隋唐时时期期 科举考试 imperial examination 大运河 grand canal 三省 th

25、ree departments 六部 six ministries 中书省 department of imperial secretariats 扇贝内部资料，请勿外传 7 门下省 department of chancellors 尚书省 department of imperial affairs 吏部 ministry of personnel 户部 ministry of revenue; ministry of household registration 礼部 ministry of rites 兵部 ministry of national defense; ministry

26、of wars 刑部 ministry of justice; ministry of punishments 工部 ministry of constructions; ministry of works 隋文帝 emperor wen of sui 隋炀帝 emperor yang of sui 玄武门之变 xuanwu gate incident 贞观之治 great reign of zhenguan 吐蕃 tibetan empire 松赞干布 songtsen gampo 布达拉宫 potala palace 文成公主 princess wencheng 武则天 empress w

27、u zetian 无字碑 blank monument of wu zetian 开元盛世 great reign of kaiyuan 杨贵妃 lady yang 诗仙 god of poetry 诗圣 sage of poetry 骈文 pianwen, a type of rhythmical prose with perfect parallel lines 古文运动 classic / ancient prose movement 安史之乱 an lushans rebellion 唐蕃会盟 tang-tibetan meeting 旧唐书 old book of tang 新唐书

28、new book of tang 边塞诗 poetry of military service; poetry of frontier zones 5. 宋元明清宋元明清时时期期 陈桥兵变 incident of chenqiao station 杯酒释兵权 dismissing generals from their duties during a banquet 澶渊之盟 treaty of chanyuan 大理国 dali kingdom 唐宋八大家 eight prose masters of tang and song 清明上河图 along the river during the qingming festival 梦溪笔谈 dream pool essays 王安石变法 wang anshis reform 豪放派 bold faction; unconstrained faction 婉约派 restrained faction 扇贝内部资料，请勿外传 8 靖康之变 incident of jingkang 岳家军 yue feis army 宋明理学 neo-confucianism 成吉思汗 ge