外研版高中英语必修四Module3 -知识点

1、module 3 body language and non-verbal communication,language points,知识要点,要点一 单词 1. communicate vt. 交流；交际；传达；沟通；表达 （1）communicate with交换（消息）；与（某人）联络；通信；通讯；交际；（指房间、花园、道路等）互通，连通 communicate sth.to sb.传达（新闻、消息、感情）；传播（热力）；传染（疾病）等给某人 （2）communication n.传达；交流；信息；通讯 be in communication with.与进行交流 （3）communi

2、cative adj. 畅谈的,知识要点,例句： he communicated the news to me by telephone. it is necessary that young and old people should communicate more with each other. communication with other countries was difficult during the telephone and postal strike. 邮电工人罢工期间与其他国家的通讯很困难。,知识要点,【链接训练】 单句改错 television communica

3、ted the news with all parts of the country.,withto,知识要点,2. vary vi. 变化 (1)vary from.to.从到变化不等 vary from不同于 vary with随从而变化 vary in在方面不同，有差异 (2)variety n.品种；多样化 a （great/wide） variety of=varieties of 各种各样的；品种繁多的 (3)various/varied adj.不同的；许多的 various:侧重多样性；通常指同一范围内的不同种类 varied: “变化很多的”，指不同种类、不同范围,知识要点,

4、例句： costs of tickets vary from one airline to another. the colour of the leaves varies with weather. everyone arrived late at the party for a variety of reasons.,知识要点,【链接训练】 different people have the most _ ideas about what is important in life. some value fame，others money or freedom. a.various b.v

5、ariable c.varied d.different,【解析】句意为：不同的人对生活中什么是最重要的事物的看法截然不同，有人珍视名声，有人珍视金钱或者自由。b项“可变的”，有捉摸不定之意；d项“不同的”,常与from连用。 【答案】c,知识要点,3. involve vt. 包括，牵涉，使参与 归纳拓展 （1）involve sb.in (doing) sth.把某人牵扯到某事里面；使某人参与做某事 involve with.和混在一起，和有密切联系 （2）involved adj.复杂的；有牵连的，有关的 be/get involved in使卷入之中；使专注于 be involved

6、with sb.与某人混在一起，和有密切联系,知识要点,例句： she was involved in reviewing the lessons all night. president nixon(尼克松) had to resign because he was involved in the watergate scandal.(“水门事件”的丑闻) the man is being questioned by police; it is said that he is involved with the murder.(谋杀案),知识要点,【链接训练】 the number of t

7、he persons who were _ the traffic accident is about 20. a.advertised in b.entertained by c.involved in d.repaid in,【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意为：涉及这次交通 事故的人大约有20个。be involved in“涉及到，包括”。 【答案】c,知识要点,4. panic n. 恐慌，惊慌v.陷入恐慌；引起恐慌（panicking-panicked-panicked） 归纳拓展 （1）get into a panic 陷入恐慌状态 be in（a）panic在惊慌中 be seiz

8、ed with a panic惊慌失措 cause a panic引起恐慌 （2）panic at.因（听到/看到）而惊慌 panic o doing sth.使某人仓促行动,知识要点,例句： she got into a real panic when she thought shed lost the tickets. shoppers fled the street in (a) panic after two bombs exploded. 两枚炸弹爆炸之后，购物者惊慌失措地逃离了那条街。 the crowd panicked at the sound of the gun

9、fire. the protests became more violent and many foreigners were panicked into leaving the country. 抗议变得更加激烈，许多外国人慌忙离开了那个国家。,知识要点,【链接训练】 the building is on fire！she looked around wildly，but not a soul was in sight,razzena _. a.panicked b.looked c.delighted d.watched,【解析】句意为：大楼着火了！她四下张望，但是连 个人影都不见，raz

10、zena惊慌起来。panic用作动词， 意为“惊慌”，其过去式和过去分词都是panicked。 【答案】a,知识要点,5. spread（spread，spread）v. 展开；铺开；传播；散开；伸展；延伸 n. 传播；扩展 归纳拓展 spread sth.on/over sth.把某物铺在上 spread sth.with sth.把某物涂在上 spread out展开；张开；扩大（张）；伸长 spread oneself舒展身体,知识要点,例句： she spread the pages of the letter on the table. she spread the bread wi

11、th butter. the fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby. the rapid spread of the disease is upsetting the authorities.(当局),知识要点,【链接训练】 bird flu has _ all over the world, which might panic the investors.(投资者) a.spread b.spreaded c.spreat d.spreading,【解析】句意为：禽流感已蔓延到全世界，这可能会使投资者惶恐不安。spread的过去式

12、及过去分词同原形，故选a。 【答案】a,知识要点,6. stare vi. 凝视；注视；盯着看 同类辨析 stare at由于好奇、敌视、傲慢而睁大眼睛凝视 glare at 怒视，瞪眼 glance at 匆匆一瞥 gaze at由于兴趣、喜欢或惊奇而目不转睛地凝视 look at看，看着,知识要点,例句： he stood there staring into the distance. he glanced at his watch. they stood glaring at each other.,知识要点,【链接训练】 the old gentleman just stood th

13、ere _ at the pickpocket and did not say a word. a.glancing b.glimpsing c.staring d.glaring,【解析】句意为：这位老先生只是站在那里对那个扒手 怒目而视，一句话也没有说。a项“瞥见”；b项 “瞥见”， 强调结果；c项“凝视，注视”，指由于惊讶、好奇、惧怕 等原因而睁大眼睛目不转睛地看。glare at怒视，瞪着眼 睛看，符合题意。 【答案】d,知识要点,7. request vt. 请求，要求n. 请求，要求，邀请 (1)request sb.to do sth.请求某人干某事 request sth.fr

14、om/of sb. 要求、请求某人做某事；向某人要求某物 request that-clause请求(从句谓语动词用should +动词原形，should可以省略) (2)make a request for.要求 at one s request/at the request of sb. 应某人之请求/要求 be in great request有需求；极需要 upon/on request一经要求；应的要求,知识要点,例句： they have made an urgent request for international aid. the visitors are requested

15、 not to touch the exhibits. we requested that they immediately make an investigation of the matter.,知识要点,【链接训练】 it is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night. a.were not played b.not to play c.not be played d.did not play,【解析】it is requested.后的主语从句要用虚拟语 气，从句

16、谓语动词用（should）+动词原形形式，故 排除a、d两项；根据句意可知radios与play之间是 被动关系，故用被动语态形式，排除b项，选c。 【答案】c,知识要点,要点二 短语 1. hold up举起；提出（作为榜样）；延误，阻滞 归纳拓展 hold back阻挡，忍住，抑制 hold on坚持住；（电话用语）请稍等，不要挂断 hold out维持；抵抗 hold ones breath屏住气,知识要点,例句：the steel strike in u.s. may hold up production of all new cars for several months. they

17、 hold up his behaviour as a model. the father held up the boy over his head. i think the engine will hold out till we get home. then i can have it repair to.,知识要点,【链接训练】 there was a big hole in the road which _ the traffic. a.took up b.brought back c.kept back d.held up 【解析】句意为：公路上有个大坑阻碍了交通。hold up“

18、延误，阻滞”，符合题意。take up“占据，从事”；bring back“带回”；keep back“扣留，隐瞒”。 【答案】d,知识要点,2. ask sb. a favour请某人帮忙 归纳拓展 (1)ask a favour of sb./ask sb. a favour请某人帮忙 do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙 in favour of赞成，支持，有利于 in ones favour受（某人）喜爱的，对（某人）有利的 in favour得宠的；流行的 out of favour失宠的；不流行的 (2)favour sb. with

19、sth.对（某人）施予（的恩惠） favour sth.有助于,知识要点,例句： can i ask you a favour? do me a favour and turn the radio down while im on the phone, will you? 劳驾，我在打电话，把收音机的声音关小点儿好吗？ was he in favour of the death penalty?(死刑) would you please favour us with your presence? 你能否大驾光临？,知识要点,【链接训练】 the warm climate _ many type

20、s of tropical plants. a.makes b.favours c.contributes d.benefits from 【解析】句意为：温暖的气候对多种热带植物生长有利。favour“有利于，有助于”，符合题意。若选d项，应把from去掉直接用benefit。 【答案】b,知识要点,要点三 句型 perhaps more than i think.也许比我想的要多。 more than比多；多于 归纳拓展 （1）more than+名词（动名词），意思是“不仅仅是，不只是”。 more than+数词，意思是“超过，以上”。 more than+形容词，意思是“非常，很”。

21、 （2）no more than仅仅，不过 not more than至多，不超过 more than a little非常 more than one.不止一个 more or less差不多；或多或少 （3）more.than这种结构是对于不同的人或物的同一性质或方面的比较,意为“比更（形容词和副词的比较级）；与其说倒不如说”。,知识要点,例句： he is no more a genius than i am. mr smith is more a writer than painter.,知识要点,同类辨析 no more than与not more than (1)no more t

22、han=only,含有消极否定的意思，意为“不过，只有，仅仅”。 not more than=at most,意为“不超过，至多”。 例句：he has learned no more than 100 words. 他才学会了100个单词。 he has learned not more than 100 words. 他学会的单词不超过100个。 （2）no more.than (not.any more than)跟从句，表示两者皆否定的观念，意思是“不正如不一样”。,知识要点,例句： a nation cannot exist without people any more than

23、a tree can grow without roots. (3)not more.than跟从句，表示两者皆肯定的观念，只是有差别而已，意思是“不及那样”。 例句：he is not more diligent than you are.,知识要点,【链接训练】 do you need any help,lucy? yes.the job is _ i could do myself. a.less than b.more than c.no more than d.not more than 【解析】句意为：你需要帮忙吗，露茜？需要，这项工作我自己做不来。a项意为“少于”；b项意为“多于

24、，超过”；c项意为“不过；仅仅”；d项意为“不多于”，根据题意，选b。准确把握句意，并牢记短语之间的用法及区别，是解决此类题目的关键所在。 【答案】b,知识要点,those who have _ money than sense may sometimes act foolishly. a.much b.more c.most d.many 【解析】more money than sense在口语中是“乱花钱”的意思。即使不知道这是一个习语，根据关键词than也能确定出此处应用比较级形式。 【答案】b,知识要点,要点四 语法 1.条件状语从句 条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。

25、引导条件状语从句的词或词组有if，unless，so (as) long as（只要），in case （万一），on condition that （条件是），suppose/supposing （假设，用于问句），provided/providing（that）（假如，如果）等。 例句：as long as you dont lose heart,you will succeed. 只要你不灰心，你就会成功。 in case i forget,please remind me of my promise. 如果我忘了，请提醒我所作的承诺。 suppose/supposing (that)

26、they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help? 假如他们拒绝了我们，我们该向谁求助呢？,知识要点,注意： （1）unless在意义上相当于if.not，而且语气较强，也一般不用于虚拟语气。 例句：unless the weather was bad, my father always used to take a walk in the evening. 过去的时候，除非天气不好，我的父亲晚上总是去散步。 （2）如果从句由if或unless引导，又有连系动词be，条件状语从句可用省略形式。 例句：come tomorrow if possibl

27、e. 可能的话就明天来吧。 if so, you must go back and get it. 如果这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。 还有如if in need（如果需要），if necessary（如果必要）等用法。,知识要点,（3）if 引导的条件状语从句如果与事实不符，应用虚拟语气。 例句：if it rained tomorrow，we should stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。,知识要点,【链接训练】 i was advised to arrange for insurance _ i needed medical treatment. a.never

28、theless b.although c.in case d.so that 【解析】in case “以防，万一”，引导条件状语从句，符合题干意思。句意为：有人建议我入保险，以备医疗需求。 【答案】c,知识要点,_ he works hard，i dont mind when he finishes the experiment. a.as soon as b.as well as c.so far as d.so long as 【解析】考查so/as long as引导条件状语从句。句意为：只要他肯下工夫，我不在乎他什么时候能完成这个实验。as soon as “一就”；as well

29、as也，又；so far as “就而言”。 【答案】d,知识要点,a small car is big enough for a family of three _ you need more space for luggage a.once b.because c.in case d.unless 【解析】考查连词的用法辨析。once“一旦”，引导条件状语从句；because“因为”，引导原因状语从句；in case“以防万一”，引导条件状语从句；unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句。句意为：一辆小汽车对于一个三口之家足够了，除非需要更多的空间放行李。根据题意，可知答案为d。 【答案】d

30、,知识要点,_ he had not hurt his leg, john would have won the race. a.if b.since c.though d.when 【解析】if引导虚拟条件句，意为“如果”。根据其时态可判断出表示过去非真实情况。这句话的意思是“如果约翰的腿没有受伤，他会赢得这次赛跑”。since引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句，表示“自从”或“因为”；though引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”；when引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”。 【答案】a,知识要点,2. 让步状语从句 (1)让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。让步状语从句由

31、连词though，although，as（虽然，尽管），even if/though，whoever，whatever，whichever，whenever，wherever，however，no matter who（what，which，when，where，how），whether.or (not),while（尽管）等引导。,知识要点,(2)though，although这两个连词用法基本一样，只是前者口语化，后者较正式，常位于句首，都不与but 连用，但可以和yet，still连用。 例句：though they lack official support,they continue

32、 their struggle. 他们虽然没有得到官方的支持，但仍继续奋斗。 although they have been talking for a long time,he cannot make her believe him. 虽然他们谈了半天，他还是不能使她信任他。,知识要点,(3)whatever (whoever,whichever,whenever.)/no matter what (who,which,when.)引出的让步状语从句意义上无明显差别，常译成汉语“无论”。 例句：whoever (no matter who) wants to speak to me on the phone,tell him im busy. 不管谁要我接电话，就说我现在正忙着呢。 wherever (no matter where) you go,im right here waiting for you. 无论你到哪里，我都依然在这里等着你。,知识要点,(4)as引导让步状语从句，从句部分用倒装语序，句型为：形容词/副词/名词（不带冠词）/动词（原形）+as+主语+谓语。 例句：try as i might，i couldnt l