限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别(课堂PPT)

1、1,The Differences between the Restrictive and Non-restrictive Attributive Clause,2,区别一：形式上不同 限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。,3,区别二：功能不同（最重要的区别） 限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清； 而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。 People who take physical exercise live

2、longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整),4,Discuss the difference,His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. His brother who is eighteen years old is a PLA man. 区别：A句：他的哥哥是个解放军战士，现今十八岁。(说明他只有一个哥哥) B句

3、：他那个十八岁的哥哥是位解放军。(说明他还有别的哥哥),5,All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. 那里所有的书都是他写的, 书里附有漂亮的插图。(说明那里没有除他以外的人写的书) All the books there which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. 那里所有附插图的书都是他写的。(暗示没有附插图的书不是他写的),6,区别三：翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰

4、的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如： He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 Ive invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。,7,区别五：先行词不同 限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词， 而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；如： I know nothing that happened last night. 昨天晚上所发生的事情，我一点也不知道。(修饰前面的nothing) He has made great pro

5、gress, which made us happy. 他进步了，这使我们大家都很高兴。(说明前面句子的整个内容),8,另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。,9,区别六：关系词不同 关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(如引导词作宾语，the way做先行词)，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。,10,1.(限) Here are the farmers who discovered the underground city last m

6、onth. 2.(非) Hangzhou is a famous city, where many people come to buy tea./ Hangzhou,where many people come to buy tea, is a famous city. 3.(限) I dont know the reason why she got angry. 4.(限) The old man to whom you are talking saw some Germans 5.(限) The woman remembered the day when she saw,11,6.(非) St.Petersburg is a very beautiful city, which was once called Leninggrad. 7.(限) I remember the soldier who told me 8.(非) The soldier moved , where they wanted to hide them. 9.(非) Xian is one of the few cities with city walls, whose walls remain as g