高中教师版任务型阅读讲解加练习真题

1、.任务型阅读讲解目的：考查考生对文中有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括能力。 1 信息筛选题 信息筛选题是基础题目，一般可以直接通过将表格和短文进行对照，边读文章边找出与试题相关的句子信息，获取到相关单词，有时试题和原文句型句式不同，需进行简单的逻辑推理然后找到相应单词，不需变化，直接填入。 2 整合转换题。 整合转换题是典型的二次加工题型，需要考生有基本的构词法知识，对句子成分和词性的对应关系要明确。做题时，不但要找到与试题相关的句子信息，还要根据词法和句法知识以及上下文的逻辑关系进行加工，从而提炼出新词。可细分为如下两种情况： （1） 词形整合转换。被考查单词在原文和试题中充当的句子成分不同

2、，因而需在名词、动词、形容词、副词等之间进行转换。 （2） 句型整合转换。试题中的被考查单词在原文中找不到同根词，无法获取单词进行转换，需根据原文中相应句子的意义和上下文逻辑联系进行句型转换。 表格内词性、大小写和语法运用上要保持一致。同一单元格要注意在用词方面保持一致的格式。 善用同义词和反义词进行转换。 正确使用构词法。 熟练运用语法句型转换。 3 综合概括题。 综合概括题要求考生对全文或段落进行总体语篇把握，通过观察表格的设置特点，从而归纳和概括出所考查的单词。此类设题一般位于表格的第一行或第一列。为了更快捷地掌握概括能力，总结和熟记一些概括性词汇及其固定搭配也是很有必要的。下面举一些基

3、本的概括性词汇： 总结、概括：conclusion, summary 建议：suggestion, tip, advice, proposal, recommendation 影响：effect, influence, impact 印象：impression 因果：reason, cause; result, consequence 1 审题思路 2 （1）一审表格结构。注意文章内容脉络，标题和所需的表达类型。 （2）二审短文意义。注意文章的段落和表格的匹性。 （3）三审语法运用。注意涉及到的构词法和语法项目。 2词性与句子成分的一致性关系 英语中的十大词类均在句子中充当成分，记住词性与成分

4、关系： （1） 谓语：动词（具备人称、数、时态、语态、语气、情态的变化特 点）。记住：英语中任何完整的句子都离不开谓语动词，没谓语动词的句子通常是错误的。 （2） 主语和宾语：名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式和从句。 （3） 表格和补语：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、非修饰性副词、非谓语形式和从句。 （4） 定语：名词及其所有格、代词、数词、形容词、副词、非谓语形式和从句。 （5）状语：副词、形容词、不定式、分词和从句。 （6） 同位语：名词、代词、动名词、不定式和从句。 千万记住以上六条，另外切记： （1） “the+形容词”可转化为名词表示一类人/物。 （2） 形容词充当状语只表示主

5、语特征和状态，不修饰谓语动词；修饰谓语动词用副词。 He got home at last, tired and hungry. He was lying on the grass, relaxed. He sings happily. （3） 能接宾语的只有及物动词和介词，构成动宾和介宾结构。 （4）主、谓、宾、表、补语是句子的基本成分，不可或缺；定、状、同位语是修饰成分，缺少时基本句型依然成立。3.句型转换形式例说 整合转换题需要在原文和表格设题句之间进行同义或反义转换，英语中一种意思的同义和反义的表达往往有很多，或是单词、短语、句型之间的转换使用，或是词法和句法上的转换表达。需要平时进行

6、大量的记忆积累和转换训练。 （1） 单词、短语、句型 导致：cause, lead to, contribute to, result in, bring about 表演：act, play, perform, give/ put a performance, play a part/ role in, show 成败：success, achievement, victory, triumph: failure, defeat 利弊：advantage; disadvantage 异同：difference, distinction; the same, similarity, equal

7、ity 优点：advantage, strong point, strength, virtue 缺点：disadvantage, shortcoming, weakness, drawback 利益、好处：good, benefit, interest, profit, gain 错误：mistake, error, fault 质量、品质：quantity, amount, number 数量：quantity, amount, number 目的：purpose, aim, goal, objective 方法：way, means, method, approach, solution

8、, manner 措施：measure, action 行为、活动：action, behavior, conduct, activity 步骤：step, stage, process, procedure 频率、频度：frequency, rate 程度：degree, level, extent 观点、意见：opinion, view, point of view, viewpoint, standpoint 想法：idea, thought, thinking （无）意识：(un)awareness, (un)consciousness 原理、原则、规律：theory, princip

9、le, law 意义：significance, meaning, sense 价值：value 态度：attitude, manner 感觉：feeling, emotion, motivation 同意、正面：agreement, pros, approval, positive, favor, support 反对、反面：disagreement, cons, negative, opposite, contrary, opposition, objection 要求、需要：demand, need, requirement, request, desire, claim 问题：ques

10、tion, problem, issue 答案：answer, key, solution, result 反应：response, reaction 变化：change 比较：comparison, contrast 评价：feature, character, characteristic 特点：feature, character, characteristic 种类：kind, sort, type, style, form, category, variety, class, description 等级：grade, rank, degree, class 风俗、习惯：custom

11、, manner, practice, habit 主题、话题：theme, subject, topic 标题：title, headline, heading 作用、功能：use, usage, function 关系、联系：relation, relationship, connection, touch, link, contact 来源、历史：origin, history, source 事实、现实：fact, reality, actuality 规则、规定：rule, regulation 情况、状况：things, status, situation, condition,

12、case, circumstance, state 说明：explanation, statement, description, instruction, direction 介绍：introduction, presentation 定义：definition 描述性词汇： length, height, width, depth, distance, weight, size, color, look, appearance, shape, rate, speed, age, sex, price 任务型阅读经典练习题一Intense physical exercise is not t

13、he only way to better health. Studies show that walking several times a week can lower the risk of many diseases. They include heart disease, stroke, diabetes, bone loss, arthritis, and depression. Walking also can help you lose weight.Fast walking is good for the heart. It lowers the blood pressure

14、. It raises the amount of good cholesterol in the blood. Researchers say walking can sharply reduce the risk of suffering a heart attack.Studies have also shown that walking for 30 minutes a day can delay and possibly prevent the development of diabetes. People who are overweight have an especially

15、high risk to develop this disease.Walking strengthens the muscles and builds up the bones that they are attached to. Studies show that walking could decrease the risk of developing osteoporosis. Walking can also help ease the pain of arthritis in areas where bones are joined. This is because walking

16、 strengthens the muscles around the bones.Experts say walking is one of the safest ways to exercise. There is a low risk of injuries. So it is good for people who are starting an exercise program for the first time and for older people.A walking program is easy to start. You should wear loose clothe

17、s and good shoes. There are shoes that are designed especially for lots of walking.How fast should you walk? For the best effect, doctors say you should walk fast enough to cause you to breathe hard. Yet you should still be able to talkLet your arms move freely while you walk.There are no rules to s

18、tarting a walking program. You might walk short distances. Or you might walk up hills to strengthen your leg muscles. Health experts say you can gain the most from a walking program if you walk at about five kilometers an hour for 30 minutes a day. You should do this about five times a week.Walking

19、to (71) _ fit(72) _ of walkingSuperiorities to other exercisesTips to walkersReducing the risk of a heart attack lowering the blood pressure raising good cholesterolBeing(75)_ than many other ways of exercise, especially for beginners or76) _Wear loose clothes and good shoesWalk fast enough to cause

20、 you to breathe with (78) _ but still able to talkControlling the development of diabetes helping you (73) _ weightWalk with your arms (79) _ freelyDecreasing the risk of osteoporosis and arthritis strengthening the muscles (74) _ up the boneseing easy to start (77) _ rulesWalk at a (80) _ of about

21、5 kilometers an hour for 30 minutes a day and 5 times a weekLowering the risk of other diseases, such as stroke, depression and etc二Environmental protection was stressed in Kanas, a growing tourist destination in Northwest Chinas Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, which is famous for its attractive s

22、cenery and its “lake monster”.“All of the hotels and restaurants will withdraw from the scenic site to 30 kilometers away,” said Jin Liquan, an official of the Kanas Environment and Tourism Bureau.The activity aims to protect the environment of Kanas. Meanwhile, construction of environment facilitie

23、s including sewage (污水) and rubbish treatment plants will be completed soon.According to Mao Dacheng, chief of Altay Prefecture where Kanas is located, the government has invested 1 billion yuan on environment facilities. “Education for tourist is also important,” he said. An education center is bei

24、ng created to provide information on how to protect the environment in Kanas. But he said that the government would not interfere with the lives of traditional residents in Kanas.It is expected that Kanas will receive more than 500,000 tourists this year, 4,000 more than last year.“However, there ar

25、e still few overseas visitors,” he said. Statistics showed that only two percent of the total number of tourists are foreigners. “This is partly because the transportation facilities are still not convenient enough,” Mao said. Currently, there is only one highway connecting Kanas,“Upon request from

26、tourists, construction of an airport will start this month and will be completed by the end of next year,” the official said.A railway line connecting Kuitun and Altay will also be open to traffic in 2008 to make it possible travel to Kanas by train, which will probably bring in more tourists.Title:

27、 Growing tourist 71._ - Kanas72._Altay Prefecture, Northwest Chinas Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionFeaturesAttractive 73._, and “lake monster”74._75._ hotels and restaurants from the scenic sitesconstructing environment 76._ including sewage and rubbish treatment plants creating an education center

28、 not interfering with the lives of traditional residents 77._to protect the environment to develop tourism78._conditionsThe number of tourists is increasing, but foreign visitors are fewReason Inconvenient 79._Solution to 80._ an airportto open a railway line connecting Kuitun and Altay三Carla walked

29、 45 minutes a day, every day, as part of her exercise regime. After two years of walking she began to notice her right foot hurt and she was always adjusting her laces (带子). A visit to the family doctor resulted in her going to the last place she thought hed send her: a shoe store. Her solution was

30、simple: new sneakers, fitted by a professional. Many people suffer for years without realizing their pain is caused by improperly fitted shoes and thats why its important consumers be aware of how to choose footwear. Here are some tips to keep your feet happy and pain free. Have your feet measured b

31、efore you make a shoe purchase. Make sure you measure both feet, since most of us have one foot larger than the other. Always purchase shoes to fit the largest foot. Try both shoes on and walk in them before you buy. Sizes vary, as do styles and shoe shapes. A size 8 in one brand might fit perfectly

32、, while a 7- and-half in another is too loose in the heel. Your feet swell during the day, so make sure you only shop for shoes in the evening. There should be a three-eighths to 5 inch space between your longest toe and the end of the shoe. The ball of your foot should fit comfortably into the wide

33、st part of the shoe. Before buying shoes of any kind ensure that the heel fits well and there is no slippage. Look for shoes that are similar in shape to your feet. Some brands and styles are narrower than others, or have a narrow heel. High heels can cause not only foot pain, but posture problems a

34、nd back pain, as well. For these reasons women should avoid high heels. If you must wear them, never go over 2- and-a-half inches in heel height. Always buy shoes that fit now. Shoes do not stretch and there is no such thing as “breaking them in”. Wear the same type of socks or nylons you will be we

35、aring with the shoe. If youre purchasing sneakers, wear athletic socks. For high heels, wear nylons during the fitting session.Make sure the shoes (71) _ your feetsituationadviceNeither this shoe (72) _ that one fits you.Make sure you measure both feet and purchase shoes to fit the (73) _ foot. Some

36、thing about shapes and stylesTry not only the right shoe but also the (74) _ one and dont buy them if you dont walk in them.Feet swell. Make sure you only shop for shoes in the (75) _.(76) _ between your longest toe and the end of the shoeThere should be a three-eighths to 5 inch.The ball goes wrong

37、 with your feet and the heel is too (77) _.The ball of your foot should fit comfortably into the widest part of the shoe. Ensure that the heel fits well and there is no slippage. Women should (78) _ high heels. Some brands and styles are narrower than others, or have a narrow heel. look for the shoe

38、s that have the similar (79) _ to your feet. The socks dont fit the sneakers.Remember to wear (80) _ socks with the sneakers.四Do you often see silly words or drawings scratched onto the desks in your classroom? Have you ever found chewing gum on the floor of your classroom or around the campus? How

39、many times have you seen broken windows in the classroom and school buildings? This is vandalism, the destruction or damaging of public property for no obvious reason.Vandalism in schools is becoming a growing problem, and it is costing us more than money. It is expensive to repair the desks, clear

40、them of chewing gum and repair school furniture. Moreover, it costs us our sense of self-respect and feeling of pride in our school. Many students see this damage and lose some pride in their school.How, then, can we prevent vandalism in schools? First of all, we need to make students realize the im

41、portance of taking care of public property. School property should be treated with care so that it can be used by all the students. Therefore, damaging school property means damaging the enjoyment of other students. If we can explain this to people, then they will be less likely to damage school pro

42、perty when they know that it will only hurt themselves.Secondly, we should learn to obey school rules and regulations. These rules and regulations are there to look after both the students and the schools. Whenever we see any acts of vandalism, we need to remind the people of the rules and try to pr

43、event these acts from happening. If it is serious vandalism, we need to report it to the teacher.Thirdly, anyone who vandalizes school property should receive some kind of punishment. For example, if someone has torn a page from a library book, he or she would have to carefully tape the page back in

44、to the book. If someone writes or draws on a desk, he or she should stay behind school and clean the desks in the classroom. Such punishment is not harsh, but can make them know their misbehavior.Vandalism costs schools money that could be better spent educating students, and it harms students pride

45、 in their school as well. If we educate people about vandalism and work to prevent it from happening , then we will begin to see cleaner schools and happier students.Vandalism, a growing problem in schoolsThe meaning of vandalismIt means the public property in schools is 7 1 or damaged.Some ugly 72

46、you can see in schools because of vandalism1.with words and drawings scratched on the desks2.with chewing gum found here and there3.with windows broken in many buildingsThe 73 of vandalism1.becoming a growing social problem2.being 74 to repair the desks and so on3. not feeling 75 of schoolsThe 76 to

47、 the problem1.to make students 77 of the importance of taking care of public property2.to have school rules and regulations 783.to make students 79 for their bad behaviorConclusionCleaner schools and happier students will appear if people receive more 80 _and work together to prevent vandalism from

48、happening.五Educating girls quite possibly harvests a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Womens education may be an unusual field for economists(经济学家), but increasing womens contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue.

49、And economics, with its focus on incentives(鼓励), provides an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of(剥夺)an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry

50、 into somebody elses family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school the prophecy (预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle (恶性循环) of neglect.An educated mother, on the other

51、hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then make

52、s it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.Few will argue that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, the

53、re is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact o

54、n health practices, including family planning.Topic: The significance of female (71) _ in developing countriesViewpointEducating girls is more beneficial than any other (72) _.FamiliesFrom low-income familiesFrom educated mothers familiesAttitudesGirls are of _(73) value than boys.Development should

55、 be for all (74)_.PracticesThere is not (75) _investment in daughters. Girls are made to stay at home, (76)_housework.Girls and boys have (77) _ chances.ConsequencesA vicious circleA virtuous circleSignificanceEducating girls (78) _ to social benefits, (79)_ advantages and health practices, includin

56、g family planning.(80)_Educating girls in developing countries is important and rewarding.答案：一 71keep 72Effects / Advantages/Benefits 73lose 74. building 75safer 76elders77without 78difficulty 79moving 80speed/rate二71 destination 72. Location 73. scenery 74. Measures 75. withdrawing 76. facilities 77. Purposes 78. Present 79. transportation 80. construct 三71. fit 72. nor 73. largest 74. left 75. evening. 76. Space 77. high. 78. avoid 79. sha