国贸International-Trade-Theory-and-Practice

1、技术排列，时间33601网络(theory ) 17网络(practice ) somechapterswillnotbediscussed (c 2，3，3 focus onc 11-18 amixtured q欧佩，(b )产品可靠性标准，aselectedlisteria notalltheproductsenjoygspduties .e.g. underthefirstgspschemeofthe there are some 3000 articlesthathavebeendesignatedaseligible .certainarticlescanneverreceivedu

2、ty -可自由使用演示，e.g.“导入textileandapparelarticle.(2) watches (3) certain certainfootweararticles (6) certainglassproducts .导入敏感性，(c )比较对网络冲突的需要50 %远程验证、Turkey、countries/productsmayberemovediftotalimportfromthatcountry/ofthatproductsmayberemovediftotalimportfromthatcountry /远程验证graduation aproductorallpro

3、ductscouldberemovedfromthegspforoneparticularcountryifitwerefoundthatthiscountryissufficientlycompet productorallproductsintheworldmarket .(e )原产地规则： criteriatodeterminethenationalsourceofaproduct。 therulesoforiginrequirethatanarticlemustbeimporteddirectlyfromthebeneficiarycountryandnotesubstantialt

4、ransformation (实质性变化) 原始证书(FORM A )、FORM A (称普惠制产地证)、FORM E是中国东盟自贸区FORM F智利产地证FORM P中巴自由贸易协定FORM A亚太协定CO； C/O一般产地证、(3) MFN duties最惠国观关税、Definition:mfndutiesarelowerdutiesfornationsentitledtomost-favored -。allmembersofwtoareentitledtomfntreatment .应用程序、USA、India、indiareducesitstariffonuscomputers usr

5、educesitstariffonind 通用数据区域非通用数据区域，通用数据区域非通用数据区域，通用数据区域， whichareappliedtocountrieswithoutmfnagreement .一般进口关税是指对原产于与进口国没有关税互惠协定的国家或地区的进口货物，按照一般税率增加的关税，一般进口关税税率较高。应用程序、 Forms of import duties、3. According to special purposes根据特殊原因：Countervailing duties反政府补贴税、anti。 进口附加税通常是限制进口的暂时性措施。 (1)计量占空比政府补贴定税、

6、定义3360、计量占空比isatariffdesignedto“计量器”theeffectter、(2)安腾占空比anti-dumpingdutiesisthetariffleviedondumpedimports .dumpingisasituationofinternationalpricediscrimination公司， wherethepriceofaproductwhensoldintheimportingcountryislessthanthepriceofthatproductinthemarketoftheexportingcountry。 priceintheimporti

7、ngcountry (出口价格)、 正常值thenvistheforeignhomemarketpriceofa foreign-like产品soldintheordinarycourseoftradeforconsumptionintheexpo non-tariffbarriersrefertoarangeofactions、other than tariffs、thatgovernmentsapplytorestrictimportedgoods.(p 99 )、2 Non-tariff Barriers、1. Import quotas (进口配额)、2. “Voluntary” ex

8、port restraints (自动出口限制定)、3.ggo4. administra tive class ification (行政课税分类)、以及quotaisgovernment-imposedrestrictiononquantity，or sometimes on total value .进口配额是指一国政府为了保护本国的工业，在一定期间内对商品的进口数量或进口数量进行规定导入quotas、quotas、Absolute quotas绝对分配额、Tariff quotas关税分配额、Absolute quotas， absolutequotasmeanthatwhentheim

9、portsofaspecificcommodityduringagiventimeperiodreachthequotas，不导入世界三分之一， atariffquotaistheimportquotathatallowsalimitedquantityofspecifiedmerchandiseintoacountryatareduceddutyrateduringaspecifiedper I 可拆卸级别，thetariffincreasesforadditionalgoodsimports .Tariff:tariff quota 3360，5 %，100，000，100，000 qua

10、ntity : avoluntaryexportrestraintisarestrictionsetbyagovernmentonthequantityorvalueofgoodsthatcanbeexportedoutofacountryd time.oftenthewordvoluntaryisplacedinquotesbecausetheserestraintsaretypicallyimplementedupontheinsistenceofthe ing nations .什么是自动出口限制、versimposedbyastateonitshomefirmsexportsasare

11、sultofdiplomaticpressure .1.68 m units、全球采购策略政府采购政策national gover andevenlocalgovernmenthavemoreorlessexplicitrestrictionsagainstthepublicpurchaseofforeign-producedgoodsandservices.ins服务suchrestrictionsevenextendtoforeign-ownedsubsidiarieslocatedlocally .政府采购政策， givepreferencestodomesticallymadeprod

12、ucts、caseofdiscriminatorygovernmentprocurementpolicy、USA、 “按美金”federalgovernmentagenciesmustpurchaseproductsfromhomeu.s.firmsunlessthefirmsproductpricewasmorethan6ovetheforefore mentofdefense，even a time a 50% )，管理类别(行政课税分类)，becausetariffongoodscomingintoacountrydifferbytypeofgoods。 theactualtaxchargedmayvaryaccordingtothecategoryintowhichagoodsisclassified.thereissomeleewayforcustomsofficials . thecustomofficialsmayclassifythegoodsbydifferentstandardsintodifferentcategor