17th+Century.ppt

1、7/14/2020,1,Chapter The Seventeenth Century,1603-1688,7/14/2020,2,Historical Background,The English Bourgeois Revolution and Restoration: The weakening of the tie between monarchy and bourgeoisie; The clashes between the King and Parliament; The outburst of the English Revolution; The split within t

2、he revolutionary camp; The bourgeois dictatorship and the Restoration,7/14/2020,3,Background in England: English Revolution:1642-1649, Cromwell reigns and monarchy was abolished and England became a commonwealth. The Restoration: In 1660, after Cromwells death, the Parliament recalled Charles and th

3、e Restoration period began. Glorious Revolution: In 1688, James II was expelled and William, Prince of Orange, from Holland, was invited and became the King.,Historical Background,7/14/2020,4,Literature in 17th Century,Literature in 17th Century mainly includes baroque literature, puritan literature

4、 and classicist literature, roughly according to the sequence of time.,7/14/2020,5,Literature in 17th Century,Baroque literature: It is the transition from Renaissance to classicism. It began in Italy, Spain and flourished in France and then England. It has direct influence on 19th romanticist liter

5、ature. It is called in 18th-century as “Rococo Style”, the style of painting, writing and decoration characterized by lightness, delicacy, and elaborate ornamentation.,7/14/2020,6,Part IV Literature in 17th Century,Saint Pauls Cathedral,7/14/2020,7,Literature in 17th Century,Classicism: it is the ma

6、in literary school in Europe esp. in France in 17th century and a little later in England. The theoretical guide is Descartess Rationalism (Cartesianism唯理主义) It is generally believed that modern philosophy began with Bacon in England and Descartes in France. The theme of his Cartesianism: “I think t

7、herefore I am.” Senses are not reliable and reason is the source of any recognition and is an innate idea. So this theory directly guides the literature of classicism.,7/14/2020,8,Literature in 17th Century,Features of classicism Praising the leadership of the king and combine closely literature wit

8、h reality and politics. Demanding the restraint of personal wishes and expressing the subjects that emotion is submissive to responsibility and individual to the country.,7/14/2020,9,Literature in 17th Century,Puritanism: It wan the religious doctrine of the revolutionary bourgeoisie during the Engl

9、ish Revolution. It preached thrift, sobriety(清醒), hard work and unceasing labor in whatever calling but with no extravagant enjoyment of the fruits of labor.,7/14/2020,10,Literature in 17th Century,Literature: 4 Johns: Milton, Bunyan-two representatives of the puritan writers; Donne, the greatest me

10、taphysical poet; Dryden, noted for his literary criticism and forerunner of the English classicism.,7/14/2020,11,Literature in 17th Century,John Milton(1608-1674) It is said that there were two revolutionary leaders in English Revolution: Cromwell “the man of action” and Milton “the man of thought”.

11、 Life: His marriage and blindness deserve mention. All his epics were written (actually dictated by him and written by his pupils, nephews or daughters) after he became blind.,7/14/2020,12,Literature in 17th Century,Literary career: poem-essay-poetry (epic) His early poems are joyous, almost Elizabe

12、than in character; his prose is stern, militant, unyielding, like the Puritan in his struggle for liberty; his later poems, following the failure of Puritanism in the Restoration, has a note of sadness, yet proclaims the eternal principles of liberty an justice for which he had lived.,7/14/2020,13,L

13、iterature in 17th Century,His Paradise Lost ranks in the four epics in Western literature including Iliad, The Devine Comedy, and Faust,7/14/2020,14,Literature in 17th Century,Epic a long narrative poem, majestic both in theme and style dealing with legendary or historical events of national or univ

14、ersal significance Typically, an epic includes several features: introduction of supernatural forces that shape the action; conflict in the form of battles stylistic conventions such as an invocation to the Muse, a formal statement of the theme in elevated language.,7/14/2020,15,Literature in 17th C

15、entury,The characteristics of the hero of an epic are national rather than individual, and the exercise of those traits in heroic deeds serves to gratify a sense of national pride. examples,7/14/2020,16,Literature in 17th Century,Paradise Lost: Book I: Fallen life in Hell , opening in the middle of

16、the story, an account of the banishment and plot to oppose of Satan and the rebel angels. Book II: a description of Satans consent to undertake the temptation of Adam and Eve. Book III: Heaven/Satan: God sending Archangel to warn Adam; Satan succeeds in coming to the fore of the paradise Book IV: th

17、e Garden of Eden, an innocent state of man. Book V and VI: Raphaels Narration of the revolt of the fallen spirits -the beginning of the poem Book VII: the creation of the world,7/14/2020,17,Literature in 17th Century,Book VIII: Adams Narration to Raphael the story of his own life and of his meeting

18、with Eve. Book IX: Garden/ Temptation by Satan Book X: Heaven/ Satan: the divine judgment upon Adam and Eve; Satan and his angels turning into serpents Book XI: Fallen Life on Earth: A The Holy War; The Life and Death of Mr. Badman,7/14/2020,21,Literature in 17th Century,The Pilgrims Progress It is

19、said the world literature has three great allegories: Spensers The Faerie Queene, Dantes The Devine Comedy and Bunyans The Pilgrims Progress . The story begins: “As I walked through the wilderness of this world I lighted on a certain place where there was a den and laid me down in that place to slee

20、p; and as I sleep, I dreamed a dream.” It ends: “Then I saw that there was a way to hell even from the gates of heaven as well as from the city of Destruction. So I awoke, and behold it was a dream.”,7/14/2020,22,Literature in 17th Century,A study of The Pilgrims Progress It tells a religious mans s

21、earch for salvation in the form of allegory but also a symbolic vision of the good mans pilgrimage through life. His allegorized characters, as in past allegories, simplify human virtues and vices, as the names of the places and characters show.(p133-134),7/14/2020,23,Literature in 17th Century,They

22、 also reveal how an individuals destiny can be shaped by the predominance in a personality of an outstanding quality, good or bad.,7/14/2020,24,Literature in 17th Century,John Donne and the Metaphysical Poets Metaphysical School: They are a school of poets at the beginning of the 17th century, with

23、John Donne as the founder. Their works are generally characterized by mysticism and obscurity in content and fantasticality and conceit in form. They are known for their excessive use of philosophy and deliberate show-off of their cleverness and learning. They have great influence on the 20th centur

24、y poets esp. on the imagists like T. S. Eliot and Yeats.,7/14/2020,25,Literature in 17th Century,A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning John Donne As virtuous men pass mildly away, And whisper to their souls, to go, Whilst some of their sad friends do say, The breath goes now, and some say, no: So let u

25、s melt, and make no noise, No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move, Twere profanation of our joys To tell the laiety our love.,7/14/2020,26,Literature in 17th Century,Moving of thearth brings harms and fears, Men reckon what it did and meant, But trepidation of the spheres, Though greater far, is inn

26、ocent. Dull sublunary lovers love (Whose soul is sense ) cannot admit Absence, because it doth remove Those things which elemented it. But we by a love, so much refind, That our selves know not what it is, Inter-assured of the mind, Care less, eyes, lips, and hands to miss.,7/14/2020,27,Literature in 17th Century,Our two souls therefore, which are one, Thou