分析静电组成原理概括其应用技术

1、 分析静电组成原理概括其应用技术物质都是由分子组成，分子是由原子组成，原子中有带负电的电子和带正电荷的质子组成。当两个不同的物体相互接触时就会使得一个物体失去一些电荷如电子转移到另一个物体使其带正电，而另一个体得到一些剩余电子的物体而带负电。若在分离的过程中电荷难以中和，电荷就会积累使物体带上静电。所以在很多运动的物体在与其它物体接触与分离的过程（如摩擦）就会带上静电。固体、液体和气体多会带上静电。如在干燥的季节人体就很容易带上很高的静电而遭受静电电击。Matter consists of molecules, and molecules are made of atoms, and atom

2、s are negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons. When two different object contact with each other will make one lose some charge such as electron transfer to another object so that it is positively charged, while the other individuals get some surplus electronic objects and negati

3、vely charged. If in the process of separation of charge neutralization, charge will accumulate the object with static electricity. So in a lot of movement of objects in contact with other objects and separating process (e.g., friction) will take electrostatic. Solid, liquid and gas would bring stati

4、c electricity. Such as in dry season human it is easy to bring high electrostatic electrostatic shocks. 二、静电的应用技术Second, the application of electrostatic technology 利用静电感应、高压静电场的气体放电等效应和原理，实现多种加工工艺和加工设备。在电力、机械、轻工、纺织、航空航天以及高技术领域有着广泛的应用。Using electrostatic induction and gas discharge of high-voltage e

5、lectrostatic field effect and principle, implement a variety of processing technology and processing equipment. In electric power, machinery, light industry, textile, aerospace and high technology has been widely used. （一）静电除尘(a) electrostatic dust removal 静电除尘是利用静电场的作用,使气体中悬浮的尘粒带电而被吸附，并将尘粒从烟气中分离出来而

6、将其去除。这是静电应用的主要方面，可用于各种工厂的烟气除尘。Electrostatic precipitation is the use of electrostatic field effect, make the gas dust particles suspended in charged by adsorption, and dust particles separated from the flue gas to remove it. This is the main aspect, electrostatic application can be used for various

7、plant flue gas dust removal. （二）静电喷涂(2) the electrostatic spraying 静电喷漆是在高压静电场作用下，使从喷枪喷出来的漆雾带上电荷，这种带电的漆雾，向带异号电荷的工件表面吸附，沉积成均匀的涂膜。静电喷涂的漆液利用率甚高，可达8090。主要用于汽车、机械、家用电器等行业。Electrostatic painting is under the effect of high-voltage electrostatic field, made out of spray gun to spray paint mist take charge

8、and the charged paint mist, to the surface of workpiece with opposite sign charge adsorption, deposition into uniform coating. Electrostatic spraying the lacquer liquid utilization rate is very high, up to 80 90%. Mainly used in automobiles, machinery, household appliances and other industries. （三）静

9、电喷洒(3) the electrostatic spraying 喷洒农药的静电喷雾机和静电喷粉机均装设静电喷头,利用数百到数千伏的高压直流电源通电到喷头,使药液或药粉颗粒带电，而酿酒设备防治目标则由静电感应而引发出相反极性的电荷，从而使药液或药粉颗粒在静电场作用下奔向防治目标。利用静电作用能显著提高命中率，减少药剂损失和对环境的污染，并可将药剂喷洒到目标的背面以增强防治效果。Spraying pesticide sprayer electrostatic powder electrostatic spray machine all installations, electronically

10、 controlled fuel injection system USES hundreds to a few kv high voltage direct current power supply electricity to the nozzle, make solution or powder particles charged, while the control goal of opposite polarity charge caused by the electrostatic induction, so that the liquid or powder particles

11、under the action of electrostatic field towards the prevention and control of the target. Using electrostatic interactions could significantly improve the hit ratio, reduce drug loss and pollution to the environment, and agent can be sprayed to the back of the goal to enhance control effect. （四）静电纺纱

12、(4) electrostatic spinning 在纺纱过程中利用静电场对纤维的作用力，使纤维得到伸直、排列和凝聚，并在泰安锅炉自由端须条加拈时起到平衡的作用，使纺纱能连续进行。是属于自由端纺纱范畴的一种新型纺纱技术。In spinning process by electrostatic field force of the fibers, the fibers are stretched out, arranging and cohesion, and on the free end of the article should add came when play the role o

13、f balance, make the yarn can be continuous. Belongs to the category of free end spinning a new spinning technology. （五）静电植绒(5) electrostatic flocking 利用静电场作用力使绒毛极化并沿电场方向排列，同时被吸着在涂有粘合剂的基底上成为绒毛制品。其装置由两个平行板电极构成。其中下电极接地，并在其上放置基底材料和短纤维；上电极板施加高压直流电，两电极间形成强电场。Using fluffy polarization along the direction o

14、f electric field and electrostatic field force arrangement, at the same time be absorbed on the substrate coated with adhesive become down products. The device consists of two parallel plate electrodes. The grounding electrode, and placed on its base material and short fiber; On plate applying high

15、voltage direct current (dc) electricity, strong electric field is formed between two electrodes. （六）静电复印(6) electrostatic photocopying 利用光电导敏感材料在曝光时按影像发生电荷转移而存留静电潜影，经一定的干法显影、影像转印和定影而得到复制件。所用材料为非银感光材料。静电复印有直接法和间接法两种。前者将原稿的图像直接复印在涂敷氧化锌的感光纸上,又称涂层纸复印机;后者将原稿图像先变为感光体上的静电潜像，然后再转印到普通纸上，故又称普通纸复印机。Using photo

16、conductive sensitive materials during exposure, according to the charge transfer and saved the electrostatic latent image, image by a dry process enhancement, image transfer and fixing copies. Materials used for the silver photographic materials. Xerox has two kinds of direct method and indirect met

17、hod. The former will original image directly copy paper on coated zinc oxide, also known as coated paper copiers; Which the original image into photosensitive body the electrostatic latent image on the first, and then transfer to ordinary paper, therefore, also known as plain paper copiers. （七）静电制版(

18、7) electrostatic plate making 静电制版是利用静电复印原理，使具有光电导性能的纸版成为静电照相版。与传统的照相制版相比，静电制版速度快、工序少、成本低、白酒设备操作简便、节约白银。其中光电导纸版是关键，一般采用成本低、制作易、毒性小的氧化锌纸版，它由氧化锌微粉体分散在绝缘树脂中，并和其他一些物质涂布在纸基上制成。Electrostatic plate making is to use the principle of electrostatic printing, electrostatic photocopy made with photoconductive p

19、roperties of print. Compared with the traditional process, the electrostatic process speed and less process, low cost, simple operation, saving of silver. The photoconductive print is the key, generally USES the low cost, easy making, low toxicity of zinc oxide in print, it consists of zno micro pow

20、der dispersed in the resin insulation, and other material coated on the paper base. 三、静电的危害及防护Three, electrostatic hazards and protection 所谓有利即有弊，静电的应用技术在生活的各个方面都给我们带来了极大的便利，但在某些方面也会产生一些危害。在石油、化工、航空航天、火炸药、造纸、印刷、塑料橡胶等都存在静电问题。The so-called good or bad, electrostatic application technology in all aspec

21、ts of life has brought us great convenience, but also can produce some harmful in some ways. In petroleum, chemical, aerospace, fire, explosives, papermaking, printing, plastics, rubber, etc are electrostatic problems. （一）静电对人体的危害(a) the dangers of static electricity on human body 在干燥的季节若穿上化纤衣服和绝缘鞋在

22、绝缘的地面行走等活动，人体身上的静电可达几千伏甚至几万伏。若人体静电超过23kV,当人接触接地金属时则会产生静电电击，若静电电压很高，则会对人体心理和生理造成一定的影响。If wear chemical fiber clothes in dry season and insulating shoes walk on the ground of the insulation and other activities, the human body static electricity can be up to a few kv or even tens of thousands of volts

23、. If the human body static electricity more than 2-3 kv, when people contacts will produce static electric shock, earthing metal if the electrostatic voltage is very high, it will cause certain influence to human psychological and physiological. 除静电对人体电击外，研究表明，静电放电产生的电磁场强度很强，这种强电磁场作用时间短但其强度远比手机辐射的电磁

24、场强，且放电的次数非常多，其对人体的作用是不可忽视的。In addition to the static electricity on human body electric shock, research shows that the electrostatic discharge generated by the electromagnetic field strength is very strong, this kind of strong electromagnetic field effect time is short but its strength is far more p

25、owerful than the electric fields that cell phone radiation, and the number of discharge is very much, its role cannot be ignored to human body. 而人体静电是否与癌症是否有联系，需进一步研究。但是人体长期遭受静电电击和这种强电磁辐射的作用对人体是不利的，所以应穿防静电服与防静电鞋，以及安装检测防静电服和防静电鞋效果的检测仪器与设备，在有条件时应安装静电检测报警装置。The human body electrostatic whether is there

26、 any association with cancer, needs further research. But the human body for a long time subjected to electric shock and the strong electromagnetic radiation to human body is adverse, so should wear antistatic clothing and anti-static shoes, as well as the installation of detection anti-static cloth

27、ing and anti-static shoes testing instruments and equipment, shall be installed in conditional electrostatic detection alarm device. （二）防止静电危害的措施(2) the measures to prevent electrostatic hazards 1.接地：接地是消除静电最简单最基本的方法，它可以迅速地导走静电。但要注意带静电物体的接地线，必须连接牢固，并有足够的机械强度，否则在松断部位可能会产生火化。1. The grounding, groundin

28、g is the most simple and most basic method to eliminate static electricity, it can quickly go electrostatic. But must pay attention to the electrostatic grounding line of the object, must connect firmly, and has enough mechanical strength, otherwise in loose parts may produce cremation. 2.静电中和：绝缘体上的

29、静电不能用接地的方法来消除，但可以利用极性相反的电荷来中和，目前“中和静电”的方法是采用感应式消电器。消电器的作用原理是：当消电器的尖端接近带电体时，在尖端上能感应出极性与带电体上静电极性相反的电荷，并在尖端附近形成很强的电场，该电场使空气电离后，产生正、负离子在电场作用下，分别向带电体和消电器的接地尖端移动，由此促使静电中和。2. Electrostatic neutralization: insulators on the way to eliminate static electricity cant use earthing, but can take advantage of the

30、 polarity opposite to neutralize the charge, the nertralizes static method is to use induction electrical appliances. Eliminate electrical principle is: when away appliances tip close to the charged body, can sense the polarity on cutting-edge and electrostatic polarity opposite charge on the charge

31、d body, and form a strong electric field near the tip, the electric field after the air ionization, produce positive and negative ions under the effect of electric field, respectively to the charged body and electrical grounding cutting-edge mobile, prompting electrostatic neutralization. 3.防止人体带静电：人在行走、穿、脱衣服或座椅上起立时，都会产生静电，这也是一种危险的火花源，经试验，其能量足以引燃石油类蒸气。因此，在易燃的环境中，最好不要穿化纤类衣物，在放有危险性很大的炸药、氢气、乙炔等物质的场所，应穿用导电纤维制成的防静电工作服和导电橡胶做成的防静电鞋。3. To prevent the hu